上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦doc资料

上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦

第一部分：词与词组

Ⅰ、重点词汇与词组

1、be interested in _______________ in danger ___________________

cut down ___________________ _ let out ____________________

belong to ______________________ on earth _______________________

keep…alive _______________________communicate with ___________________

protect oneself____

2、at one’s suggestion ________________ on one’s suggestion ________________

make a suggestion ________________ offer a suggestion ________________

on the suggestion of... ________________

3、come to a decision / arrive at a decision / reach a decision ________________

give a decision for ________________ give a decision against ________________

make a decision ________________

4、take charge of ____________ under the charge of ____________ in charge of ____________

5、agree on ____________ agree with ____________ agre to (do sth) ____________

6、remind sb. of sth, in addition (to), now that, be excellent for, enable sb to do sth, be covered with, feel like

be responsible for, now that, help oneself (to + food/drink/vegetable...)

4、happen, take place

5、frozen, freezing

Ⅱ、词与词组辨析

1、alive, living都是“活着”的意思，用法不同。例如：

alive是表语形容词，一般在句子中放在系动词后面，用作表语。例如：

I am your friend as long as I am alive. 只要我活着就是你的朋友。

living是定语形容词，一般在句子中放在名词前用作定语。例如：

There are not any living things in the mountain area.在这个山区里没有任何活着的东西。

2、patient; impatient; patience

3、comfort; comfortable; comfortably

4、reply; answer （v. & n.）

5、explain; explanation

6、visible; vision；invisible

7、contain hold

8、experience, experienced

9、conclude, conclusion

10、go off, go out, go up, go away, go down, go in

11、used to do sth, be used to do sth, be used to doing sth, be used as, be used for

12、try doing sth, try to do sth

13、go on to do sth, go on doing sth

14、be familiar to, be familiar with

15、pleased, pleasant, pleasure, please

16、accept, receive

17、keep的用法

18、what/how感叹句

19、数词的用法

20、不定冠词a、an的用法

21、介词后面动词用-ing形式

22、状语从句连接词：if/as long as, when/while/as soon as/until/before/after, though/although

23、when/while

24、well/good

25、疑问词+ 主语+ 情态动词can/should/could等+ 谓语动词= 疑问词+ 谓语动词不定式

第二部分：语法

1、It’s + adj. + for/of sb + to do sth

2、a little, a few, little, few

3、表示数量的词：

①plenty of, lots of, a lot of

② a great/good deal of, a large/small quantity of, a large/small amount of

③ a number of, the number of

4、情态动词：mustn’t, can’t, may not等的意思

①must与may（主语是第一人称）开头的一般疑问句的否定回答

must用或may用或

② must, may等表示肯定的推测意义；can’t表示否定的推测意义

③ need作为情态动词与实义动词动词的用法

【情态动词用法的基本练习】

( ) 1. —May I take my pet dog with me into the cinema? —The rule says no. So you ________.

A. can

B. mustn’t

C. may

D. needn’t

( ) 2. We hope that as many people as possible ________ join us for the charity show tomorrow.

A. need

B. can

C. must

D. should

( ) 3. —Must I get up early tomorrow? —No, ________.

A. you mustn’t

B. I don’t think you have to

C. you can’t

D. you need

( ) 4. —May I play computer games, mum? —No. You ________ finish your homework first.

A. will

B. can

C. would

D. must

( ) 5. —Let’s go to the concert tonight, Michael! —Sorry, I ________ . I have to help my mother with the housework.

A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. needn’t

D. can’t

( ) 6. —Can you finish the work in two days? —Sorry, I ________. My computer doesn’t work.

A. don’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

( ) 7. —________ you speak Japanese? —No, I can’t.

A. Can

B. Must

C. May

D. Should

( ) 8. If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’s very dangerous.

A. don’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. wouldn’t

( ) 9. —May I use your ruler? —________.

A. Yes, please

B. You are nice

C. It doesn’t matter

D. It was a pleasure

5、宾语从句：

①陈述句改为宾语从句时，用that连接；

②一般疑问句改为宾语从句时，用whether/if连接；

③特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，用特殊疑问词连接。

【宾语从句专项精选】

( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

A. took

B. take

C. takes

D. will take

( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone

B. had never gone

C. has never been

D. had never been

( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.

A. had

B. has

C. will have

D. are

( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.

A. could she

B. she could

C. she can

D. she may

( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.

A. traveled

B. has traveled

C. travels

D. had traveled

( ) 6. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?

A. who

B. what

C. when

D. that

( ) 7. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what

B. if

C. when

D. where

( ) 8. I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.

A.that

B. what

C. which

D. who

( ) 9. She didn't know___ back soon.

A. whether he would be

B. if would he be

C. he will be

( ) 10. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.

A. whether B where C. what D. when

( ) 11. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?

A. what B when C why D how

( ) 12. He asked me _____told me the accident.

A whom

B which

C who

D whose

( ) 13. They don't know ________ their parents are.

A that

B what

C why

D which

( ) 14. Please tell me ______ last year.

A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked

( ) 15. She asked me if I knew ______.

A. whose pen is it

B. whose pen it was

C. whose pen it is

D. whose pen was it

( ) 16. You must remember ________.

A. what your mother said

B. what did your mother say

C. your mother said what

D. what has your mother said

( ) 17. Did you know ____?

A. who he was looking after

B. who was he looking for

C. who he is looking for

D. who he is looking after ( ) 18. Could you tell me ___?

A. when will they leave Beijing

B. when would they leave Beijing

C. when they will leave Beijing

D. when did they leave Beijing

( ) 19. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. if

( ) 20. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our English.

A. why

B. when

C. how

D. where

( ) 21. —We never know _____ the old man is. —They say he is a teacher.

A. what

B. who

C. which

D. where

( ) 22. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.

A. that how

B. how that

C. when that

D. that when

( ) 23. —Do you know _____ ? I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know.

A. where does Mr. Li live

B. where did Mr. Li live

C. where Mr. Li lives

D. where Mr. Li lived ( ) 24. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer? —Sorry, I have no idea.

A. ／; bought

B. has; bought

C. did; buy

D. does; buy

( ) 25. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning.

A. what the matter is

B. what is wrong

C. what the matter was

D. what wrong was

( ) 26. —Where is Jack?

—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ .

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. there

6、直接引语转换为间接引语

①. 人称代词和指示代词的变化

指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。

例如：He said, “I came to help you.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。”

→He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。

②. 时态的变化

引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。

引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：

一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时

现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时

③. 时间状语的变化

now →then last month →the month before

today →that day three days ago →three days before

tonight →that night tomorrow →the next day

this week →that week next month →the next month

yesterday →the day before the day after tomorrow →in two days

地点状语的变化here →there 谓语动词的变化come →go

【注意】含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

【将下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语】

1. “I am very happy.” said Fisher proudly.

2. Dinny said: “I saw Mr Muskam yesterday.”

3. He said: “I will have finished my work by that time.”

4. “I have never seen anything more beautiful than this.” he said.

5. Mr Rochester said; “I’ve settled everything; and we will leave Thornfield tomorrow.”

6. “It is too late.” he said.

7. “Here is Miss Eyre, sir,” said Mrs Fairfax.

8. “I will try it,” said Kate.

9. “I’ve studied biology,” he said.

10. “We will go back to the house,” he said.

7、不定代词辨析: all, any, another, both, each, every, either, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由some, any, no, every和body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词。

①one, ones的用法

②each，every的用法

③other, the other, another, others, the others的用法

【不定代词专练】

( ) 1. ________ police officers in the UK carry guns, but most of them don’t.

A. No

B. Some

C. Many

D. All

( ) 2. —Which do you like best, coffee，water or juice? —________. I only like tea.

A. Both

B. Either

C. Neither

D. None

( ) 3. There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.

A. either

B. all

C. both

D. none

( ) 4. She has written a lot of books, but ________ good ones.

A. any

B. some

C. few

D. many

( ) 5. —Would you like chicken noodles or beef noodles? —________. I’d like tomato noodles.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

D. None

( ) 6. I’m hungry. I want ________ to eat.

A. anything

B. something

C. everything

D. nothing

( ) 7. —I saw Tony at the party. But he didn’t speak tome ________ evening.

—Maybe he didn’t see you.

A. all

B. every

C. either

D. another

( ) 8. —Are you ________ from America? —No, none of us.

A. both

B. all

C. any

D. either

( ) 9. He showed me a magazine he bought yesterday. I think it’s interesting. So I bought ________.

A. it

B. this

C. that

D. one

( ) 10. Mike fell off the bike, but he didn’t hurt ________.

A. he

B. him

C. himself

D. hisself

( ) 11. ________ book are you looking for?

A. What

B. Which

C. Who

D. Whose

( ) 12. There isn’t any milk in my glass. Would you give me ________?

A. some

B. few

C. little

D. any

( ) 13. We had plenty of paper but _____ ink.

A. a few

B. few

C. not many

D. not much

( ) 14. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have never learned ______before.

A. one

B. it

C. them

D. that

( ) 15. We're very busy because we've so ______books to read and so _______homework to do every day.

A. much ... many

B. many ... much

C. many ... a lot

D. a lot ... much

( ) 16. I thought ______of the matter but still couldn't find out the reason.

A. every

B. both

C. nothing

D. everything

( ) 17. My car is not so expensive as ________.

A. him

B. he's

C. he

D. his

( ) 18. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _______students aren't here yet.

A. other

B. others

C. the other

D. the others

( ) 19. There are high buildings on ______side of the street.

A. both

B. every

C. any

D. either

( ) 20. －What do you usually have for breakfast? －______eggs and ______milk.

A Little ... a few B. A little ... a little C. A few ... a little D. A few ... a few

( ) 21. ______ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.

A. Something

B. Anything

C. Nothing

D. Everything

( ) 22.. Is this story the same as ______in that book?

A. the one

B. what

C. that

D. it