[整理]中考英语专题复习-连词.(可编辑修改word版)

中考英语专题复习-连词

第六章连词

二、考点跟踪解读

1.对连接同等的词、词组或分句的and, but, or, for, neither…nor…, either…or…, both…and…, not only…but also…等并列连词的考查。2.对引导名词性从句或状语从句的when, if, that, because, until, although 等从属连词基本用法的考查。3.几组容易混淆的连词或词组。

三、要点精讲全解

连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for 等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether 等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。

(一)并列连词

1.表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and , or , both…and, either…or , neither…nor , not only…but also 等。

(1)and

and 用来连接语法作用相同的部分,即名词与名词、不定式与不定式等。祈使句+and+简单句,这种结构祈使句相当于一个if 条件

从句,而且and 后面通常表示肯定的结果;祈使句+or+简单句,or 后面表示否定的意义。如:

Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.=If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam.

努力学习,你将考试及格的。

Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. 快点,否则你将迟到的。

(2)or

or 有两个词义,可当“还是”,还可以当“否则”将。

Which do you prefer, yellow, blue or red? 你喜欢哪一种,黄的、蓝的还是红的?

Be careful, or you’ll hurt yourself. 小心点,否则伤着自己。

(3)both.…and…

both…and…既……又……,可以连接并列的主语、谓语、宾语或表语等。当连接主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。变为否定句时,要把both…and…变为neither…nor…

Both Tom and Jerry are going to the cinema. Tom 和Jerry 两人都想去看电影。

(4)either …or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…

either …or…或者……或者……

neither…nor…既不……,也不……

not only…but also…不但……而且……。

这三个并列连词,如果连接主语时,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。即

和靠近谓语动词最近的主语保持一致。如:

Either Mary or her parents are going by bus. Mary 或她父母亲中,有人坐车去。

Neither the students nor the teacher was hurt in the accident. 学生和老师

在这次事故中都没有受伤。

Not only he but also his parents are very kind to me. 不仅他而且他的父

母对我都很客气。

2.表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有but, yet, while 等。(1)but

“但是”,连接句子表示转折。不能与though/although 连用。

He tried hard, but he was unsuccessful.他尽了力,但未成功。Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借我的笔,但我不记得是谁了。

(2)yet

“然而、可是”,表示转折关系的连词。如:

He lied to me, yet I still believe him. 他对我撒谎,然而我还是相信他。

He studied hard yet he failed. 他学习努力,可是考试仍未及格。

(3)while

“然而”,用来连接前后结构相同但意思相反的句子。如:

I like to play computer games while my brother doesn’t.我喜欢打电子

游戏,然而我的哥哥不喜欢。

3.表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for, so 等。如:

(1)for

在表示“因为”的时候,for 不可以放在句首,而且之前必须由逗号。如:

They must be good friends, for they are always together.他们一定是好朋友,因为他们总是在一起。

The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天亮了,因为鸟儿开始唱歌了。(2)so

“所以”,不能与because 连用。在英语中用了because 就不能用so;用了so,也不能用because。

The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子

咳嗽得厉害,所以他妈妈带他去看病。

(二)从属连词的用法

1.引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, until, till, since, as soon as 等。

(1)由when, after, before, as soon as, till, until 引导的时间状语从句,一般主从句时态一致,但是当主句用一般将来时,从句应该用一般

现在时表示将来。

I will tell you after they leave. 于他们走后我再告诉你。

I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。

When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时,他

正在看书。

I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来。

He read a newspaper as he went along. 他边走边看报纸。

Don’t get off the bus until it stops. 等车停稳后才下车。

(2)与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态。

He has lived here since 1999. 自1999 年以来,他就一直住在这儿。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?

(3)while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并且强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或者相互对应。如:

It began to rain while I was watching TV. 当我看电视的时候,天开始

下雨。

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

我妻子看报纸的时候,我在看电视。

2.引导条件状语从句的if, unless 等。

引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if, unless (=if…not 如果不……,除非), 条件状语从句也遵循“主将从现”。

Do you mind if I open the window? 我开窗你不介意吧?

I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.(=…if it doesn’t rain)除非下雨,否则我明天要去那儿。

3.引导原因状语从句的because, as, since 等。

because 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,because 表示直接原因,语气最强,最适合回答why 引导的疑问句。如:

I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。

since 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because 弱。如:

Since you are free ,you’d better help me with my math. 既然你有空,

最好帮我补习数学。

as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”,语气比since 弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。如:

As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨,你最好乘出租汽车。

4.引导目的状语从句的so that

so that,“为了,以便”,引导一目的状语从句,变为简单句时,

借助in order to. 如:

I left at 6:00 so that I could catch the train. =I left at 6:00 in order to catch the train.

为了赶上火车,我六点就出门了。

5.引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if 等

(1)though, although

当有though, although 时,后面的从句不能有but,但是though

和yet 可连用。如:

Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨,

他们仍在地里干活。

He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。

(2)ever if, even though. 即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们将旅行。

(3)“no matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”

No matter what happens, please let me know 无论发生什么事,请让

我知道。

6.引导结果状语从句的so that, so …that, such …that 等。

表示“如此……以致……”有so... that...和such... that...。其中的such 是形容词,修饰名词;so 是副词,修饰形容词或副词,具体的搭配形式是:

(1) so+adj./adv.+that,so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that;

(2)such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that

He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快,无人听得明白。

It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach. 天气如此之好,我想去海滩。

7.引导比较状语从句的than, as …as 等。

She sings worse than she did before. 她比过去唱得糟。

The work isn’t as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。

8.引导名词从句的that, if , whether 等。

它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 没有词义,不充当句子成分,,在句子中只起连接作用;而if, whether 虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,即表示“是否”。如:

He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。

I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。

四、思维误区警示

(一) 并列连词

【例题解析】

1.(烟台)Both the father and the son have seen the film.(改为否定句)

the father the son seen the film.

答案:Neither, nor, has。“both....and”的否定形式为“neither. . n or”,又因“neither. . n or”连接的是主语成份,谓语动词取决于nor 后的

主语。

2.(浙江)Please take the medicine three times a day, it won’t work well.

A. and

B. but

C. or

D. so

答案:C。这四个单词都是连词,but 表示转折;so 有因此之意。and 和or 都可以用于祈使句,用and,整个句子相当于If you…, you’ll…;用or 相当于If you don’t…, you’ll…。

3.(宁波)—I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily?

— Lily I will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father in the garden.

A. Either, nor

B. Either, or

C. Neither, nor

D. Both, and

答案:B。选项A 不是一个固定搭配,C 表示“既不……也不……”,选项D 表示“……和……都……”,不符合句子的意思,B 项则是一个选择的连词。

(二)从属连词

1.(南通)Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11:45

we can catch the 12:00 train.

A.since

B. after

C. as soon as

D. so that

答案:D。本题的前三项都是表示时间的连词,因此不符合句意,so that 表明“为了”、“便于”,引导目的状语从句。

2.(天津) John fell asleep he was listening to the music.

A.after

B. before

C. while

D. as soon as

答案:C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时

发生了某个事情”通常用while。

3.(辽宁锦州)We don’t have much homework now and our school bags are they used to be.

A.as heavy as

B. not as heavy as

C. as heavily as

D. not as heavily as

答案:B。本题考查比较状语从句。在be 动词后用形容词,排除C、D。根据上文知道,没有太多的作业,学生的书包不如以前重了。

【易错知识点解析】

在近年的中考题中,连词的主要考查题型集中在选择填空、句型转

换和汉译英等。在解题时,我们要通读全句,了解大意,仔细分析

是并列句还是主从复合句,然后再确定选用适当的连词。

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