初中英语否定句用法归纳.docx

初中英语否定句用法归纳

一、用一般否定词not ，否定了英语中的绝大多数句子。

1、对 be 动词的否定，在后面加上not 。

He is not a student.

2、对谓语动词的否定，根据人称和时态在前面加上助动词don’t, doesn’t,didn ’t 。

He didn ’t watch TV last night.

3、对助动词的否定，在后面加上not 。

He has not been to Shanghai before.

4、对情态动词的否定：在后面加上not 。具体情况如下：

肯定形式否定形式缩略形式

can/could cannot/could not can’t/couldn ’t

may may not/

must must not mustn’t

need need not needn’t

should should not shouldn ’t

will/would will not/would not won’t/wouldn ’t

ought ought not oughtn ’t

dare dare not daren ’t

used to used not to usedn’t to

5、对need, dare的否定：need 和dare除了可以用作情态动词外，还可以用作普通的

行为动词，即除

了上表中的否定形式外，还有don’t need to和 don’t dare to的否定形式。在实际

运用中需注意。

6、对has/have的否定： have 在现在完成时中为助动词，其否定形式在后面加上not ，作为“有”的意

思，其否定形式也可以在后面加not ，即hasn’t和haven’t ，但该用法在课本中没有

出现。所以，不管

have 作为什么意思，只要不是用作助动词构成现在完成时，其否定形式一律

用 don’t/doesn ’t/

didn ’t have 。

7、不定式的否定：在前面加上not 。即： ask / tell /?sb not to do sth。

8、名的否定：在前面加上not 。即： worry about not doing。

9、祈使句的否定：在句首加上Don’t 。如有 please ，在 please 后面加上 don’t 。Please don ’t talk in class.

各种肯定句否定句化形式如下：

肯定句否定句

一般在He likes apples.He doesn’t like apples.

一般去He watched TV last He didn ’t watch TV last

night.night.

一般将来He will go home by He will not go home by bus.

bus.

在行He is listening to He is not listening to the

the radio.radio.

在完成He has finished his He has not finished his

homework.homework.

去行He was doing his

homework at this time

yesterday evening.

He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday evening.

去完成He said he had He said he had not finished finished his homework.his homework.

去将来He said he would go

to Shanghai.

He said he would not go to Shanghai.

☆特提醒：肯定句否定句有些需作。肯定句否定句

some any

and or

too either

already yet

二、通否定否定。此如下：

never, no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, none, nei

more, no longer。

ther, neither?nor ?, no ☆特提醒：

1、否定 no 相当于 not ?any?。

如 no=not any, never=not ever, nothing=not anything, nowhere= not anywhere

I have no money. = I don’t have any money.

I could see nothing in the dark. = I couldn’t see anything in the dark

2、Neither ?nor ?接句子的主，需用“就近原”。

Neither he nor I know the secret.我和他都不知道个秘密。.

。

三、通不完全否定否定。不完全否定句是含有 little, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, barely scarcely

等不完全否定的句子。它都含有“几乎没有”的意思，都属于否定句。

little, few, hardly, seldom 和前面的 never 合在一起就是我常的“五大否定”。 He can hardly swim, can he

She has never been to Shanghai, has she

在完全否定句和不完全否定句中，表示完全否定的副和表示不完全否定的副如果置于句首，

一般都要半倒装。如：

Never have I thought of such a strange idea. Rarely have I seen such a wonderful sight.

我从来没有想到的念。么美的景色我很少看。

☆特提醒：考点高中内容，作参考。

四、英否定的另一个常表达方式就是用否定，包括否定前和否定后。但它并不构成

否定句，全句仍是肯定句，只是否定形式的肯定句。

He is unhappy.

She is dishonest.

五、部分否定

not 跟 all, always, both, every ( -body, -one, -thing, -where)用,表示部分否定。如：

All that glitters is not gold. Both of them are not correct.

光的并非都是金子。并非他两个都。

I don ’t know all of the boys over there.

I can ’t see everybody in the meeting room.

☆特提醒：无not 在些的前面是后面，都表示部分否定。

六、排除否定

也是一种部分否定，句子使用了表示排除的介，如except, but, but for等。介后面的部分不包含

在排除之内。

Everyone is ready for the trip to Shanghai except you.

He did nothing but play computer games on Sunday.

But for your help, I couldn't have finished my work on time.

七、加否定

句中使用了 not...at all, not...any more, no longer

等表示“不会再??”。

I won't tell you the truth at all unless you tell me the truth.

Tom is no longer what he used to be three years ago.

八、否定的移

在某些主从复合句中，否定会生移，即，否定在形式上否定主句的，上否定从句的

。会生种移的有： think, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose 等。如：

---What do you think Will she come to our party tonight

--- I don ’t think she’ll come.

九、固定的否定构

1、too ?to ?太??而不能??

2、I have no choice but to do除了??无

3、not ? until?直到??才??

4、can’t wait to do迫不及待??

5、I ’m afraid not.恐怕不行。

6、I hope not.希望不是。

十、其他否定构

1、must 肯定形式可表示猜，“一定”，但否定形式没有猜之意，只表示“ 禁”。

2、否定和比用相当于最高。

It couldn’t be better.再好不了。

3、通其他，法构或修辞手段来代替否定或半否定或接否定。如：

： fail, miss, deny, refuse, protect?from,prevent ? from 等。

4、否定疑句表示的是肯定意思。

Isn't this film interesting影道没趣

5、以why don't you do和why not do开的疑句往往表示邀、建、指等，具有肯定意。