完整版定语从句语法详解

一. 定语从句的概述:

1. 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 修饰的名

词或代词，叫做先行词 。从句通常放在先行词之后,

词或关系副词)引导。其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分, 所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

eg She is the girl （who got the first prize.）

girl 先行词 who 充当从句主语，从句做定语修饰

This is the boy who broke the window. 这就是打破窗子的孩子。 the boy 是先行词，who broke the window 是限制性定语从句，明确指出

the

boy 是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语 That is the house where he lived ten years ago. He is the man who/that lives next door. He is the man who I want to see.

先行词关系词定语从句

复合句：是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子

，复合句中的主句和从句

都具有完整的的主语和谓语，主句是复合句的主体，可以独立存在，从句需要有一个连 词引导，是修饰说明主句的，不能独立存在，根据在句中的不同作用，从句可以分为三 类：定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句。

二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:

关系代词 :that, who, whom, whose, which , as （主，宾，定） _ 关系副词：when, where, why.（状语）

2. 关系词的作用：

(1)引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;

(2 )代替先行词在句中充当成分。

三. 定语从句的分类:

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去

掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。从句和主句的关系 十分密切，不可用逗

1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

在句中做定语， 由关系词(关系代 相当于

形容词， girl

1.限定性定语从句:

号隔开，也不可省略。

eg She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.

That代替先行词necklace，在从句中充当lost的宾语

The man who spoke last was Dr Li.

Who代替先行词man在从句中充当主语

2.非限制性定语从句：从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，从句只是对先行

词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整，这种从句和主句之间

往往用逗号分开，一般不that引导。

eg Lijiang, (where I was born) , is very beautiful.

关系副词where代替先行词Lijiang，在从句中充当地点状语，如果去掉从

句，主句依然完整，这就称为非限制定语从句

I , who am your friend, will share the work with you.

我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。

I是先行词，who am your friend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作

用，如果去掉，主句依然清楚完整

四.Which与that的用法

1.只用that的情况:

当先行词是不定代词时，女0 everything, anything, nothing, none, the one

（something除外）all, little , much,few 等,或被不定代词修饰时。

This is all that I want to say .

eg

He did everything that he could to help me .他尽他所能来帮助我。

Is everything __we need to do __.Yes,You needn ‘ t worry about it.

A. Which,has done

B. which ,do ing

C.that,has done

D.that,do ne

去掉疑问句变成everythi ng is done —般现在时被动语态

Everything that we need to do我们所需要做的每一件事情

I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me.

我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。

先行词前有序数词或形容词，副词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词

或形容词，副词最高级时

This is the most interesting film that I have seen。

He was the first stude nt that got to school today.

他是今天第一个到学校的学生。

He worked out the most d肝icult p roblem that I had see n.

他解答出我所见过最难的题目。

当先行词被the only , the last , the very （正好，恰恰），the just 等修饰时

The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice 。

我们能做的唯一的一件事就是给你们一些建议。

I need the same dietionary that you have.

我需要同你一样的字典。

This is the very bus that I

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.

先行词中既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时

He told us many in terest ing things and persons that we had n ever heard.

他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。

The film star and her films that you have just talked about are really well -known 。

你们刚刚谈论的那个明星和她的电影非常有名。 当主句是以who, which 引导的特殊疑问句时 （先行词前有who ，which 等疑问代词时）

Who is the man that you sp oke to just now?

你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁?

Which is the bike that you lost ？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal ？

They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution 。

当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中作表语

Shan ghai is no Ion ger the city that it used to be 。 He is no Ion ger the boy (that) he used to be

That 用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后面它不去，介词之后不考虑;

that ，which 代替物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代,

先行词前有序数，用上 that 定无误；先行词前最高级，还用

that 定无疑;

句中若有there be ，that 应把which 替；多背诵，多操练，that 用法要牢记。 关系副词when/where/why ，从中作状莫懈怠;

' m waiting for .

句中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用

which 时，另一个宜用 that

口诀: that 就把 which 踹;

时用when 因用why , where 地点经常在; 关系副词可互换，介词加上关系代; 关系代，关系代，that 与who 要除外。 挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行

2.只用which 的情况

(1)关系代词前有介词且指物时只用

which

This is the house in which I lived two years ago 。 (2)引导非限制定语从句时

Football ， which is a very interesting game ， is played all over the world 。 ⑶先行词本身就是that ，those 时常用which

I have that ( which )you gave me 。 This is that which he bought yesterday 。 (4) 一个句子中有两个定从时，为避免重复，一个用

Let me show you the novel that I have borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.

巧记that 和which 用法异同

That ，which 可互换，下列情况勿照办 That 情况比较多，先来对你说一说

不定代词这一伙，全用 that 准没错

先行词前有修饰，千万不要用 which

要用which 别着急，介词提前逗隔离

五. 介词+which/whom 结构用法

whom 人

1. 介词+关系代词”引导定从时，介词的宾语只能用

which 或whom

介词+which 在定从作时间，地点，原因状语，相当于 when , where , why 。

She still remembers the day on which

(when ) she won the prize 。

Potatoes can be grown in places in which (where)it is too cold to grow rice.

有些地方太冷不能种水稻，但可以种马铃薯。

that ，另一个用 which 。

介词+

which 物

2.

This is the reason why he came late 。 This is the reason for which he came late 。

“介词（短语）+which ”在定语从句中作目的，方式状语。

There is a big window in my room through which I can see the railway station. 介词+which/whom "在含有被动结构的定从中作状语，表示动作的执行者

The rascal by whom the little boy was beate n was arrested this morning . The little boy was beate n by the rascal... 不定代词，数词或名词 +of which /whom

在定从中作主语

Here are the questions ， some of which I think are difficult for you 。

Some of questi ons are difficult for you 5.根据定从中的谓语动词和介词的搭配关系选择介词 Mr li ,for whom I was working ，was very generous about overtime payments(力口班费)。 Work for 为…工作

1. as 和which 引导的非定从，都可用来代替整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，有

时两者可互换，在定从中做主语或宾语。

(He failed once more in the match) , which/as was a great pity. as 和which 代替前面一整句话，在从句中充当主语 They won the game , as we had expected 。as 充当宾语

正如我们所期望的，我们赢得了比赛

As is well known , he is a famous film star in the 1980s. 众所周知 As 有“正如，像”的含义，可放在主句前，也可以放在后面 Which 引导从句只能放在主句之后，并无正如的意思

2. as 做关系代词时，在其所引导的限制性定从句既可作主，宾，又可作表语 This book is not such as I expect 。这本书并不是我期望的那样。

3. as 多与such ,the same 连用，它代替的先行词既可以是人，

也可以是整个句子。

Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly resp ected.

4.在the same...as 结构中，as 表示的是同一类，指同类异物；在 the same ...that

3. 4. 六. As 和which 引导非定从的区别

结构中，that表示的是同一个，指同类同物。

She has found the samen ecklace as she lost last week。同一类不是同一个

She has found the same necklace that she lost last week。就是原来的那个

the same ...as同类异物the same ...that 同类同物

七. Way和time后面的定语从句的引导词

1.先行词是way , “方式，方法”，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:

in which

I don ‘ t understand the way that 二they worked out the problem.

不填

2.先行词是time，若表示“次数”时，应用that引导从句，that可省略;

若表示“一段时间”时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which弓I导定

从且不能省略。

This is the sec ond time that the p reside nt has visited the country .

This was a time whe n/duri ng which there were no radios ,no tele phones or no TV sets.

Time 次数，用that引导（可省略）

时间，用when或/at /during which引导（不可省略）

定语从句图表总结

I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，它的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

II. that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别:

III. as 与which 的区别:

情况 用法说明

例句

只用that 的情况

1. 先行词为 all, everyth in g, anything, nothing, little, much, 等

不定代词时。

2. 先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修 饰

时。

3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序 数词修

饰时。

4. 先行词既指人又指物时。

5. 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰

时。

5.句中已经有 who 或which 时, 为了避

免重复时。

1. He told me everything that he knows.

2. All the books that you offered has been give n out.

3. This is the best film that I have ever read.

4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

5. He is the only man that I want to see.

6. Who is the man that is making a sp eech?

只用 which, who,

whom 的情况

1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只 能用which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人

2. 在由介词+关系代词”引导的 定语

从句中，只能用 which 指 物，whom 指人。

3 .先行词本身是that 时，关系 词用

which,先行词为those, one, he 时多用 who 。

1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talki ng.

3. Those who resp ect others are usually

resp ected by others.