高考英语写作高级替换词整理

【原则一：晚词优先】

老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词，因为使用学得比较晚的单词，可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达，又可以用高二、高三单词来表达，那尽量选择高二、高三的单词，如：

(1)Adj.困难的黯然低分词：difficult 闪光高分词：challenging 有挑战性的

(2)Adj.重要的黯然低分词：important

闪光高分词：vital 至关重要的; essential 必不可少的; significant 有重要意义的;

(3)Adj.美丽的黯然低分词：beautiful

闪光高分词：appealing动人的; attractive吸引人的; charming迷人的; fascinating 迷人的

注：以上五个词既能修饰人，又能修饰物，非常好用，务必记熟!

【原则二：短语优先】

在阅卷老师看来，活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此，我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法，如：

(4)v. 参加黯然低分词：join 闪光高分词：take part in

(5)v. 使用黯然低分词：use 闪光高分词：make good use of

(6)v. 拜访黯然低分词：visit闪光高分词：pay a visit to

请先对比以下几组句子：

【例句1】I go to school every day.

【例句2】I ride to school every day.

在课堂上，笔者经常以这两个句子为例，讲解“具体化”的重要性。很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因，是例句2中的rode比例句1中的went更加具体：went只表达了“去”的意思，而rode不但表达出“去”的意思，还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说，例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。

再如：

【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.

【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.

例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师，而到底“好”在哪些方面，却没有具体说清楚;例句4则清楚地告诉读者，Mr Wang好在三个方面：和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富(knowledgeable)。

因此，我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想，如：

(8)adj. 学习黯然低分词：learn

闪光高分词：research研究;pick up偶然学到，顺便学到，轻松学到;master掌握

(9)n. 好老师黯然低分词：a good teacher

闪光高分词：a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher

当然，除了替换某些表意抽象的单词，我们还可以通过增加细节成分，使表达更为具体，如，例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息，进一步改写成：

【例句5】I，together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday，feeling rather excited.

同样的，例句4也可以加上一个定语从句，写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情，如：

【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.

可以看到，例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段，将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。

综上所述，想让你的表达“具体化”，一共有两种常用方法，其一，是换掉某些表意不明确的单词，换上表意更加明确具体的单词;其二，是在句中适当增加细节成分。“具体化”的好处，是让句子的含义更加丰富，让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想，随着作者一起经历、一起思考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中，与其生硬地使用超纲词汇，不如好好熟悉大纲单词，用好“具体化”的两种方法，为你的作文增光添彩。

事实上，“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如，要表达“惜别”的感情，光说“再见”是不够的，应该像诗人那样，用具体化的细节带动感情，写出梦幻般的文字：“让我与你握别/ 再轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔...”

这就是“具体化”的作用，你体会到了吗?

【原则四：大纲词汇的衍生词优先】

在高中英语中，我们已经涉及到了词根词缀的知识。运用这些知识，可以将很多高中词汇衍生为四六级词汇甚至托福、雅思词汇。如果能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇，你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!举例如下，看看箭头后面的替换词都是由哪些单词变来的?

(10)adj. 当然地黯然低分词：certainly

闪光高分词：obviously 明显地; undoubtedly 毫无疑问地; evidently显然地;

(11)adj. 不开心的黯然低分词：sad

闪光高分词：discouraged气馁的; depressed沮丧的; downhearted垂头丧气的;

low-spirited意志消沉的;

可以看出，这里列举的“大纲词汇衍生词”看上去都相当“有水平”，但都是由大纲中的简单单词加上某些前缀、后缀变来的，可以说又好记，又好用，你学会了吗?

只要运用以上四种方法，在平时的学习中不断积累和使用“闪光高分词”，一定能让你的作文绽放出最美的光辉!

1.增补(Addition)

in addition另外; furthermore此外; again; also; besides; moreover此外; similarly; finally 最后

2.比较(Comparison)

in the same way; likewise同样地; similarly; equally; in comparison比较起来; just as同样地3.对照(Contrast)

whereas然而; in contrast与此相反; on the other hand; instead同样; however然而; nevertheless然而; unlike; even though即使; on the contrary; while

4.因果(Cause and effect)

because; because of; for; since; due to; owing to; thanks to; as a result(of); accordingly; hence; so; thus

5.强调(Emphasis)

certainly; above all; indeed; of course; surely; actually; as a matter of fact; chiefly; especially; primarily; in particular; undoubtedly; absolutely; most imprtant

6.让步(Concession)

although; though; after all; in spite of; nevertheless; still; provided; while it is true....

7.例证(Exemplification)

for example; for instance; that is; namely; such as; in other words; in this case; by way of illustration.

8.总结(Conclusion)

to sum up; to conclude; in a word; in short; in brief; all in all; in all; to put it in a nutshell; in summary

9.推断(Inference)

therefore; as a result(of); consequently; accordingly; so; otherwise

10.时间和空间(Time and space)

afterward; after; first; later; then; soon; outside; near; beyound; above; below; on the right(left); in the middle; opposite; in front of

11.启承转合

1)、启

A proverb says...... At present.......

As the proverb says.... Currently.....

Generally speaking; .... Now; ....

In general; ..... On the Whole....

It is clear that.... Recently.....

It is often said that.... Without doubt; .......

2)、承

First(of all); ...... Moreover; .........

Firstly; ............ No one can deny that....

In the first place; ......... Obviously.....

To begin with; ......... Of course; .........

Also; ....... Similarly; .........

At the same time...... Therefore; we should realize that.....

Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......

In addition; ..... What`s more; ..........

In fact........ It can be easily proved that...

Meanwhile......

3)、转

But... Still; ......

But the problem is not so simple...

There is a certain amount of truth in this; but we still have a problem with regard to....... However;

....... To our surprise; ..........

Nevertheless; ........ Unfortunately.......

On the other hand; .......

Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........

Others may find this to be true; but I do not. I think.....

4)、合

Above all; In brief; ........

Accordingly; ..... In conclusion; ........

All in all; .......

In other words; it is hard to escape the conclusion that........

As a consequence; ......... In short; .........

As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum; ........

In summary; ....... As has been noted; ....

Obviously; ......... By so doing; .....

On the whole; ..... Consequently; ........

Presumably; ....... Eventually; .........

To conclude; ...... Finally; ........

To sum up; ..... In a word; ......

To summarize; ......