实用英语写作期末复习提纲

实用写作期末复习提纲

CHAPTER ONE

When applying for a job a cover letter should be sent or posted with your resume.

Your cover letter should be specific to the position you are applying for, relating your skills and experience to those noted in the job posting. Your cover letter is your first (and best) chance to make a good impression!

●It is very important, but also quite difficult, to get the

tone and style right in job application letters.

●Application Letter

Specifying the job being applied for, relating studies to job demands, mentioning relevant part-time work, referring reader to the resume, mentioning the qualities developed through project work, stating reasons for applying to this particular company, showing knowledge of company?s plans, linking language skills to company?s plans and giving contact details and stating available for interview

1.The conciseness, clarity, correctness and courteousness

are very important.

2. A resume always contains particular information in

sequence and under certain headings: career objective, personal data, education and qualifications, employment record, extracurricular activities and awards, special skills, hobbies and sports and referees.

3.The most important language feature of a resume is its

simplicity.

4. Format of English Application Letters

● block format (板块式/齐头式): In block format, all the things are justified to the left.

● semi-block style（半板块式）: These parts ( letterhead, date, complimentary close and signature) are started from the centre to the right. While the rest parts are still justified to the left.

● indented format （缩进式）: This format is quite similar to the semi-block style with the exception that the first line of each paragraph in the body part is to be indented about 4 letters.

5. Structure of English Application Letters

Heading信头

Inside Address信内地址

Salutation称呼

Body正文

Complementary Close结束语

Signature签名

Enclosure附件

CHAPTER TWO

1. A memo is used only for communication within a

company, i.e. it is an intra-company document and is not used for inter-company communication.

2. A memo may be distributed top-down or bottom-up.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e84857574.html,ing first person words like …we?, …I? and …our? and

second person words like …you? and …your? reduces the distance between the sender and receiver. Junior employees writing to senior employees can use these words, but they need to be careful that the right distance, and therefore courtesy, is maintained.

●Title(MEMORANDUM), Heading(To, From, Date,

Subject), Body(Purpose, Background, Request)

●Informative memo; persuasive memo

CHAPTER THREE

●Minutes of a meeting are written for two main purposes:

to create a record of what took place in the meeting and to remind those at the meeting of the actions they need to take after the meeting.

●Whatever the length, minutes always include the time

and date of the meeting, the name of all those present and absent, the agenda items discussed and all decisions reached and the time at which the meeting ended.

●When writing minutes, we need to use reported speech.

CHAPTER FOUR

●Instructions are information about what to do and

those step-by-step explanations of how to do or where to go.

A complete instruction manual should include these parts:

●Title

●General Introduction

●A General Warning, Caution and Danger Notice

●A TechnicalBackground or Theory

●Equipment and Supplies

●Discussion of the steps

●A Conclusion

Some tips of writing instructions:

●work out the right order for your instructions

●keep your sentences short and simple

●number your instructions if you wish

●use command verbs

●use the present or sometimes the future tense

●present your writing clearly

The stylistic features of instruction :

1.From the lexical level:

1) Word choice and professional words

2) Omission of articles

3) Abbreviations

4) Figures and graphs

5) Verbs

2. From the syntactical level

1) Short simple sentences

2) Frequent use of imperative sentences

CHAPTER FIVE

Questionnaires are an inexpensive way to gatherdata from a potentially large number of respondents.

How to make a questionnaire

? 1. Decide what information you want to gather from

the survey

? 2. Keep the survey as short as possible, asking only those questions that will provide

? 3. Use a casual, conversational style, making the questions easy for almost anyone to understand.

? 4. Structure the survey so that the questions follow a logical order and evolve from general to specific.

? 5. Use multiple-choice questions whenever possible. ? 6. Avoid leading questions that might generate false positive responses.

In general, there are two types of questions one will ask, open format and closed format.

CHAPTER SIX

?“advertising” might be defined as any means of bringing information to the public for the purpose of drawing attention to manufactured goods, services, shops, or entertainments.

Advertisement is an action or form of communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them.

The Purposes of Advertisement

?Giving consumers in the target market a positive image of a particular product or service

?Helping to position the product in the market

?Informing and persuading

We persuade others in three main ways: appeal to reason, appeal to emotions and appeal to trust.

CHAPTER SEVEN

1.Letters of request are written to seek information and

to obtain a response to a specific enquiry.

2.Letters responding to requests give information but also

attempt to build goodwill.

3.Letters of complaint normally include the following

information: an explanation of the problem, the consequences of the problem for both parties and a request to solve the problem.

4. A letter of adjustment will normally include the following

information in the given order: an offer of apologies, a summary of action taken to rectify the problems and an assurance of goodwill including the offer of compensation, if appropriate.

5.Block format

The main feature of this format is that everything (with the possible exception of the company?s letterhead and logo) is blocked or justified to the left side of the page.

With this style, it is not necessary to use commas or full stops in the date, address, salutation, or close.

6.Salutation

If you know the name of your recipient, begin Dear Mr.

or Ms. X and close Yours sincerely; if you do not know the recipient or their gender, begin Dear Sir/Madam and close Yours faithfully.

CHAPTER EIGHT

●Introduction, body and conclusion

●Sales(pl.)

●Grow, ascend, mount, soar, level up, shoot up, boom

●Descend, plunge, plummet, slump, skid, tumble, level

down, bottom out

●Flatten out, reach a plateau, remain, maintain, keep, stay,

be the same as, be similar to, level off/out

CHAPTER NINE

1.Business proposals are written to suggest new ideas for

organizing a company to make it more efficient or for promoting its products and services in a more effective way.

2.To be practical, there are five areas in which an idea

needs to work: the technical, the resource-related, the financial, the social and the environmental.

CHAPTER TEN

1. A company profile provides prospective clients and

customers with what the company considers to be keyinformation about the organization. This will normally include: facts and figures about its majorproducts and services, the history and development of the company, its mission and philosophy, a statement of identity and a projection of its preferred image.

2. A company profile has both informational and

promotional purposes.