最新考研英语模拟题：翻译题
考研英语模拟题：翻译题
Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way.
(1)In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible mat erial substance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(2)The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.
(3)This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles
and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(4)These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.
The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(5)Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts; and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.
答案
1.在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。
2.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量，这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体，而应该被看成是一种动态的形式，一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。
3.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的，他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。
4.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。
5.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前，人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位，要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。
总体分析
本文是一篇关于粒子物理理论的文章。
第一段：指出相对论改变了我们的粒子概念，从而影响了我们对物质的理解。
第二段：指出这一粒子观点是由迪拉克首创的，他的理论揭示了物质和反物质的基本对称。该理论已经得到了证实。
第三段：纯能量创造物质粒子是相对论最惊人的影响。相对论观点的粒子物理学改变了人们对于物质的看法和理解。
本文是一篇科普性说明文，属于正式文体。考生首要的任务是清楚地分析句子结构，并结合自己的物理常识准确把握生疏词汇，在此基础上完成翻译。本题考核的知识点：(一)被动语态。(二)定语，包括定语从句，分词作定语。(三)状语从句。
试题精解
1.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、定语从句的译法。
该句的句子主干是：the mass ... had always been associated with an indestructible material substance，其中完成时的被动语态had been associated with，可译成“总是与...相关联”。with some “stuff” of which
引导的定语从句修饰indestructible material substance，翻译的时候应该按照汉语习惯，将定语前置，放到所修饰的名词前面。可直译为“所有物质被认为是由这种物质构成的”，或意译为“这是构成一切物质的东西”。考生应该注意of 与be made是词组be made of被分隔了的形式，译成“由...构成的”。
词汇：classical“经典的，古典的”，在该句中取其第二种含义，译成“古典物理”。
2.[精解] 本题考核知识点：同位语、宾语从句、定语从句、现在分词作定语的译法。
该句的句子主干是The fact means that...，fact后是that 引导的同位语从句，同位语从句的翻译和定语从句翻译有很多相似之处，如果句子较长，可单独成句，并用“这一事实...”将从句和主语连接在一起，that可以省略不译。Means后是that引导的宾语从句，其中有两个并列的谓语：can no longer be seen as和has to be conceived as，译为“不能再被看成...，而应该被看成...”。a process 是宾语补足语a dynamic pattern的同位语，可以译成并列结构。Involving...部分是现在分词作定语，修饰 a process，按照汉语习惯译成“与……有关的过程”。Which...mass是定语从句，修饰the energy，可译成“表现为粒子质量的能量。”
词汇：be equivalent to“等同于，相当于”。Be conceived as“被看成，被认为”。Dynamic“动力的，动态的”。
3.[精解] 本题考核知识点：被动语态、状语从句、现在分词作定
语的译法。
该句的句子主干是被动语态结构This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac，在翻译被动语态时，通常按照汉语习惯转换成主动语态，但是有时候为了突出施动者，也可译成“由...所做的”。该句中为了突出initiated这一动作是由Dirac发出，应译成“这一观点是由...首创的”。When 引导时间状语从句，可译成“当...的时候”，或者为了突出正在发生的事件，译成“那时候...”。describing ... electrons部分是现在分词作定语，修饰relativistic equation，应该按照汉语习惯译成“描述电子运动行为的相对论方程”。
词汇：initiated“开始，发起”，句中译为“首创”。Formulated“用公式表达，明确地表达“。relativistic equation“相对论方程”。
4.[精解] 本体考核知识点：状语从句、被动语态的译法。
该句由两个并列的分句构成：These processes had been predicted和since then they have been observed。前一分句中of particle creation and destruction部分是介词短语作定语，修饰主语processes，应译为“粒子生成和毁灭的过程”。Before...in nature部分为时间状语，翻译时，可按照汉语习惯前置，译成“在...之前”。后一分句中的时间状语since then可译成“在..之后”或“从那时”。此外翻译被动语态结构had been predicted from Dirac’s theory时，为了突出施动者，可以按照汉语习惯，译为主动结构。
词汇：creation and destruction“生成和毁灭”。predict“预测，预言”，文中谈论的是科学现象，应该译为“预测”。in nature“实际上”。
5.[精解] 本题考核知识点：完成时的被动语态、状语从句、定语从句、either...or结构的译法。
该句的句子主干是：the constituents of matter had always been considered as either...or....。完成时的被动语态had always been considered，可按照汉语习惯译成主动语态，即“人们一直以为”。状语before...可直接翻译，在句中位置不变。Either...or...句型应该译成“或者...或者...”，也可以译成“要么...要么...”。本句中两个as...部分均为宾语补足语，与consider一起译成“看成是...”。两个which引导定语从句，修饰两个宾语补足语，翻译时采用前置法将定语提前。
词汇：relativistic particle physics“相对粒子物理学”，constituents of matter“物质构成成分”，composite objects“合成物”。
考研英语翻译题型特点及解题技巧
翻译 代词的翻译： 1．直接对应成汉语代词，但前提是译文要通顺。（第一人称、第二人称、第三人称） 2．如果不通顺，则需要指代明确；这时，尽可能用指代到的名词来翻译。可以往前查找，遵循“就近和一致”原则来确定。（第三人称） 3．万不得已可以用“这”“这种情况”“这种说法”“这种观点”等来翻译。（it，this，that） 强调句型： 还原强调部分后直接翻译。 定语从句： 1．前置：把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面，并习惯用“的”来连接。 （如果定词从句结构简单，信息负载量不大，翻译的时候前置） 2．后置：（结构复杂，信息负载量比较大，翻译的时候后置，这时可以独立成句，但常常需要重复先行词，或者用代词）后置最常用。 常考动词： add补充说道 maintain坚持认为 contend坚持说 accuse指责validate证明，证实 assert 断言 argue that争论说 人名地名翻译的处理方式： 1．遵照习惯 2．按照音译 3．万不得已抄英语 there be句型： 1．把英语中的状语翻译成汉语后作主语。简称状语变主语。 2．增加“人们”“大家”“我们”等汉语的范指主语。 3．直接用动词“有”“出现”“存在”等开始翻译。 翻译最佳策略：拆分 拆分原则： 1．拆出主句，分清从句 2．拆出主干，分清修饰 拆分点： 连词，引导词，介词，分词，to，标点符号。 ing现在分词短语作定语 短语作定语： 1．分词短语作定语 ing现在分词，ed过去分词 2．介词短语作定语 3．其它短语作定语（形容词短语坐定语和不定式短语作定语）
短语作定语常常翻译到中心词前 标点符号： 1．直接套用；2．一逗到底（多点逗号） 第三人称反身代词，一般指离自己最近的那个名词。 一个名词前面有一个定语在修饰，后面还有一个定语在修饰，这叫多重并列定语。多重并列定语从后往前翻译。 并列结构： 一般指并列的词组、并列宾语、并列谓语等等。 一般可以直接翻译，但常常需要重复并列部分。 比较结构： 1．more…than+num：多余、比……多；more…than+n/v：不仅仅、不止；more…than+adj/adv：非常、很；more…than+can/could：不能；no more…than…=not any more than不……，像……不。 2．as…as像……一样；not so as不像……一样；not so much…as与其……不如。 插入结构： 常常可以直接翻译，但有时候还需要放到整句话最前面去翻译。 倒装结构： 恢复正常顺序后直接翻译。 复习策略： 单词；结构和顺序。 结构和顺序：断句点在哪？断句点的上下文是何种关系？（什么修饰关系、修饰语的起止点、修饰语修饰什么）翻译中汉语的先后顺序如何？指着英语单词说汉语。默写这句英语句子。 被动结构： 可翻译为“使得”“得以”“加以”“受到”“获得”。 翻译的原则是：少用“被”字；首先可以主宾颠倒，其次还能省略“被”字，用“受到”“得到”“加以”“得以”“为……所”“由……来”“是……的”等直接翻译。 状语和状语从句： 状语从句一般可以直接翻译，但常常要把时间、条件、让步和原因状语从句翻译到主句之前，状语的最佳位置是在主语后动词前，时间在前，地点在后。 形式主语的翻译： 常常当固定词组一样，翻译到整句话最前面。 如何做练习：每天20分钟，一句话。
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) 一、经济学史 Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts. Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职
2017考研英语翻译模拟练习题(2)
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！ 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语翻译模拟练习题（2） There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions —a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man ” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents ’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere ”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn ’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I ’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader —Joyce, Kafka, Mann —so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn ’t science fiction —and I kept telling them, “ When I ’m financially secure.” 答案 1.但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。 2.还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰。 3.在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。” 4.到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。 5.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西，就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。 总体分析 本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特·西尔弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密，接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。 本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、上下文中词义的选择，等。
考研英语一翻译真题汇总
1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population
历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)
1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于
17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏
考研英语一翻译真题解析
2017考研英语一翻译真题解析 跨考教育英语教研室—王坤2017年考研英语一的翻译题型部分，整体来说难度不大，与2016年难度基本持平，考察的是英语语言发展情况，文章选自英国文化教育协会的一本书，叫《英语下一步》。英语一的考题是此书的序言部分。下面就是跨考英语教研室的英语老师对2017年考研英语一翻译真题的最新解析和参考译文。 (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. 参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。 句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 结构，主句前是让步状语，signs 后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within结构是时间状语。expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。 (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四)
2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四) Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (1)(In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made.)Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(2)(The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.) (3)(This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons.) Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(4)(These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.) The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(5)(Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts)and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units. 答案 1.在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。 2.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量，这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体，而应该被看成是一种动态的形式，一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。 3.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的，他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。 4.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了?，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。 5.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前，人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位，要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。 总体分析 本文是一篇关于粒子物理理论的文章。 第一段：指出相对论改变了我们的粒子概念，从而影响了我们对物质的理解。 第二段：指出这一粒子观点是由迪拉克首创的，他的理论揭示了物质和反物质的基本对称。该理论已经得到了证实。 第三段：纯能量创造物质粒子是相对论最惊人的影响。相对论观点的粒子物理学改变了人们对于物质的看法和理解。 本文是一篇科普性说明文，属于正式文体。考生首要的任务是清楚地分析句子结构，并结合自己的物理常识准确把握生疏词汇，在此基础上完成翻译。本题考核的知识点：(一)被动语态。(二)定语，包括定语从句，分词作定语。(三)状语从句。 试题精解 1.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、定语从句的译法。
2019年考研英语一翻译解析
2019年考研英语一翻译 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were1.17times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which,when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press,generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. 我是在开始撰写有关医学期刊的每周专栏评论文章，并因此而从头到尾阅读相关科学论文之后，才意识到医学文献常常是多么糟糕。我逐渐摸索出了识别拙劣论文的种种方法：这类文章宣称，一周吃一公斤花椰菜的人晚年患恶性贫血的概率要增加1.17倍。（46）这种无稽之谈充斥各类医学期刊，某些广播公司和非专业出版物一宣传，便制造出健康恐慌，掀起短暂的所谓健康饮食狂澜。 Why is so much bad science published?A recent paper,titled“The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,published on the Royal Society’s open science website,attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science,but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.What is important is not truth,but publication,which has become almost an end in itself.There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only10years ago.Never mind the quality,then,count the number. 为何如此多的劣质文章能得以发表呢？英国皇家学会的官方网站最近刊载了一篇题为《劣质科研论文的自然选择》的文章，试图回答这一让人百思不得其解的重要问题。文章称，问题不在于人们要写这种质量低下的文章，而是我们现今的职称晋升评价体系鼓励人们这样做。重要的不是文章是否探讨真理，而是文章能否发表，发表文章本身成了写文章的目的。一股文章高产之风业已形成：（47）现如今，要想申请一个研究岗位，就必须发表两倍于十年前申请同一岗位的文章。文章质量就不用操心了，数量才是重要的。 (48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index,that is to say,the number of