高中英语-定语从句知识结构图解及练习(无答案)
定语从句知识结构图解
概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。①指人的先行词
⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
②指物的先行词
★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情)
先行词
①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）
关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）
③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）
定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词
标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定
（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
关系副词：在从句中作状语
(When/where/why)
⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。
①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
定He is a teacher who works at our school.
定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)
语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.
比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)
从He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)
句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)
②关系代词在定语从句中作表语
⒈关系代词的省略He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)
限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略
Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.
比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.
（此时只能用which且不能省略）
①以疑问词who开头的句子中
定语从句几个难点Who is the man that is shouting there?
②关系代词在从句中作表语时
用that的情况She is not the girl that she used to be.
③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰
This is the very person that we are looking for.
⒉先行词是人
that/who的区别①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to
wait at the gate of the school.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一
用who的情况个用who
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
③在there be 结构中
There are many young men who are against him.
④在非限定性定语从句当中
Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
①在非限定性定语从句中.
She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.
The pen with which you write is Jack’s.
用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系
词用that,另一个用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the
library which is newly open to us.
①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,
⒊先行词是物anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等
that / which的区别She did all that she could to help us.
②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only,
the very, the right，the last等所修饰时
This is the very book that I want.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
She described in her compositions the people and
用that的情况the places that impressed her most.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用
which, 另外一个用that
He built a factory which produced things that had
never been seen before.
定⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
语定语从句10个难点①As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定
句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中
从★Such/so….. as…. 像…..一样the same …. as…和…...同样的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
句⒋As引导定语从He is not the same man as he was.
句的用法②引导非限制性定语从句，此时
译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别
This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）
①When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. （when=on which）
②Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等
Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which)
③Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.
⒌关系副词的运用I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which)
★
★case(情形)，situation,
position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等
What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。（此时where = in which）
① way that / in which / 不填
The way in which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.
比较: The way which /that/不填he told to us was quite simple.
（★way在定语中作tell的宾语）
表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句
⒍几个特殊②先行词time This is the first time that the president has visited the country.
的先行词time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when
This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no
TV sets. （★此时when = during which 在..期间）
③先行词reason4种引导方式
why/for which/that/不填
This is the reason why/for which/that/不填he can not come here.
比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the
conference. （★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语）
★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）
★该结构介词的选用原则：
①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
This is the book on which I spent $ 8.
This is the book for which I paid $ 8.
②根据先行词的搭配习惯
I remember the days during which I lived there.
I remember the day on which I graduated from university.
⒎介词+关系代词③根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
④英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。
Here is the money with which to buy the piano.
She is the right person on whom to depend.
定注意:Ⅰ如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略
The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.
语定语从句10个难点Ⅱ有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如
look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等从This is the baby that you will look after.
句①当先行词是one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
⒏定语从句的every year.
主谓一致②当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
moon.
③先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式
⒐定语从句的The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan.
转化I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway.
The man (who stands) standing there is my friend.
①判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词，定语从句）
②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)
10.定语从句的从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词
解题方法例：Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held？
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. what
定语从句知识结构图解
定语从句知识结构图解 概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。①指人的先行词 ⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ②指物的先行词 ★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词 ①替代前面的先行词（替代作用） 关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用） ③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） ⒉关系词: 引导定语的词 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) ⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。 ①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 定He is a teacher who works at our school. 定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) 语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) 从He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons) 句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) ②关系代词在定语从句中作表语 ⒈关系代词的省略He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) 限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此时只能用which且不能省略） ①以疑问词who开头的句子中 定语从句几个难点Who is the man that is shouting there? ②关系代词在从句中作表语时 用that的情况She is not the girl that she used to be. ③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for. ⒉先行词是人 that/who的区别①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. ②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一 用who的情况个用who Who is the boy that won the gold medal? ③在there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him. ④在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
高中英语重点知识点总结
高中英语重点知识点总 结 标准化工作室编码[XX968T-XX89628-XJ668-XT689N]
高中英语重点知识点总结 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。 Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。 Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion. 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class,
高中定语从句知识结构图解(答案解析版)
图解定语从句 概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 ①指人的先行词 ⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ②指物的先行词 ★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 先行词(which替代前面所叙述的事情) 替代前面的先行词（替代作用） 关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用） ③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） 定语从句 “三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) ⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。 ①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 定He is a teacher who works at our school. 定语从句②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 的分类 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) 语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) 从He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons) 句
高一第一学期英语知识要点语法要点及易错点
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1 2 定语从句知识结构图解 3 概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，4 充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。①指 5 人的先行词 6 ⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 7 ②指物的先行词 8 ★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 9 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 0 (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 1 先行词 2 ①替代前面的先行词 3 （替代作用） 4 关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从 5 句（连接作用） 6 ③在定语从句中作句子成分 7 （成分作用） 8 定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词 9 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的 句子成分种类 1 2 关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，
3 定 4 5 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 6 关系副词：在从句中作状语 7 (When/where/why) 8 ⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。 9 ①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 1 定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 2 定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 (先行词与定语从句之3 间有逗号隔开) 4 语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with 5 a long history. 6 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only 7 two sons.) 8 从He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he 9 has two more sons) 1 句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 2 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) 3 ②关系代词在定语从句中作表语
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福州八中三江口学习部 人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2.set down 记下，放下 3.a series of 一系列 4.on purpose 有目的的 5.in order to 为了 6.at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7.face to face 面对面 8.fall in love 爱上 9.join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10.calm down 冷静下来 11.suffer from 遭受 12.be/get tired of?对?感到厌倦 13.be concerned about关心 14.get on/along well with 与?相处融洽 15.be good at/do well in 擅长于? 16.find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是? 17.no longer / not ? any longer 不再? 18.too much 太多（后接不可数 n.） much too 太?(后接 adj.) 19.not?until 直到?才 20.it’sno pleasure doing sth 做?并不开心 21.make sb. sth. 使某人成为? make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法 ----直接引语和间接引语
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例： Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例： 1. He said, “I like it very much. ”→ He said that he liked it very much. 2.He said to me,“ Iv’left my book in your room. ” → He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时 过去完成时过去完成时 例： “I don’twant to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne. →Anne said that she didn’twant to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “I’m using a knife.” →The boy said that he was using a knife. ▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如： He said, “Light travels much faster than sound”. He said that light travels much faster than sound. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
(完整版)完整全面定语从句知识点
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高中英语知识框架
必修二单元标题语法 1 Cultural relics 1. 限定性和非限定性定语从句 2 The Olympic Games 1. 一般将来时的被动语态 3 Computers 1. 现在完成时的被动语态 4 Wildlife protection 1. 现在进行时的被动语态 5 Music 1. 定语从句（介词+which/whom）人教版高中英语知识点框架 必修一单元标题语法 1 Friendship 1. 直接引语和间接引语（I） 2 English around the world 1. 直接引语和间接引语（II） 3 Travel journal 1. 现在进行时表将来 4 Earthquakes 1. 定语从句（I）（that, which, who, whose） 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero 1. 定语从句（II）（where, when, why, prep. + which/whom）
必修三单元标题语法 1 Festivals around the world 1. 情态动词：may/might, can/could, will/would, shall/should, must/can't 2 Healthy eating 1. 情态动词：ought to/ought not to/have to/don't have to/mustn't/needn't 3 The Million Pound Bank Note 1. 名词性从句：宾语从句、表语从 句 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 1. 名词性从句：主语从句 5 Canada - "the True North" 1. 名词性从句：同位语从句 必修四单元标题语法 1 Women of achievement 1. 主谓一致 2 Working the land 1. 动词的ing形式做主语、宾语3 A taste of English humour 1. 动词的ing形式做标语、定语和 宾语补足语 4 Body language 1. 动词的ing形式做定语和状语 5 Theme parks 1. 构词法
高中英语重点语法知识汇总(最新整理)
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定语从句 知识结构图
指代对象 人 事物 人+事物 主格 who/that which/that that 宾格 who/that/whom which/that that 所有格 Whose whose/of which 1．只用that 不用which ?(1)介词+which+从句，在此结构中因介词提前不能用that 代替which ，当介词不提前时方可。此结构可用关系副词代替“介词+which ”，如： The chair on which she sat is made of wood. The chair which /that she sat on is made of wood.?(2)先行词本身是that /those What’s that which flashed in the sky just now 定语从句在复合句中作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰的词为先行词。 一. 关系代词的用法 语法专题五：定语从句 2.关系代词只能用that 的情况 ?（1）先行词为“all ”，“everything ”,“nothing ”，“little ”，“much ”等不定代词。 ?eg. There is something that you can borrow. ?(2)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰。?eg.This is the very place that I want to find. ?The last place that we visited was a factory. ?(3)先行词被形容词的最高级修饰。 ?eg.This is the best book that I have ever read. ?(4）先行词为两种或两种以上不同的事物。先行词若为分别表示人和事物的名词，也只能用that 引导定语从句。?eg.She gave me some books and a pen that I need. ?(5)先行词被序数词修饰。 ?eg.This is the second article that I wrote in English.?(6)主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊问句时。?eg.Who is the person that is standing at the door?
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高考英语重点知识点大全
高考英语重点知识点大全 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句
It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ，(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…，It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
定语从句知识结构图解
定语从句知识结构图解
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定语从句知识结构图解 概念:定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。①指人的先行词 ⒈先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ②指物的先行 词 ★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He haｓpaｓseｄthｅdriｖiｎg ｔｅsｔ, ｗhich sｕｒpｒｉses aｌl ｏfｕs. (ｗhicｈ替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词 ①替代前面的先行词 （替代作用) 关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用） ③在定语从句中作句子成分 (成分作用） 定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系词的分类关系代词:在从句中做主,宾，表,定 （tｈaｔ／ｗｈicｈ/ｗho/whoｍ/whosｅ/as) 关系副词:在从句中作状语 (Wｈeｎ/where/why) ⒊定语从句：用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子。 ①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 定Heｉs a teacｈer wｈｏｗｏrkｓａt our schooｌ. 定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) 语Bｅijiｎｇ，whicｈｉs the cａpital of Cｈｉｎａ, is a beａutiｆuｌcｉty ｗith a lonｇhｉｓtoｒy． 比较：Hｅhaｓｔwo sons,who worｋinｔｈe sａme ｃｏｍｐaｎｙ. (He ha ｓｏｎlｙｔwo sons．） 从Ｈｅhas ｔｗo sｏnｓｗhｏworkｉn tｈe samｅcｏmpany．(Perha ｐｓhe has two mｏre sons) 句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 Sｈe is the ｇirｌ(whom ／thaｔ)I loved beforｅ. (可以省略whoｍ/ｔｈat) ②关系代词在定语从句中作表语 ⒈关系代词的省略Ｈe is ｎo loｎgｅr the ｂoy(that) he useｄto be．（可以省略that) 限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing prｉｃｅis ａproblem (that／whｉch）peｏple ａｒe inｔｅresｔｅd iｎ． 比较：Housing ｐrice iｓaｐroblｅm in whｉｃｈpｅopl ｅareｉnteresteｄ． (此时只能用whiｃh且不能省略）