2008年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

2008年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.

Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sources - and a measure of concern about the future of the planet - European farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.

"This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms," said Marcello Pini, a farmer, standing in front of the sea of waving yellow flowers he planted for the first time this year. "Of course we hope it helps the environment, too."

In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry in Europe, approved a directive that included a "binding target" requiring member states to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 - the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.

Most EU states are currently far from achieving the target, and are introducing new incentives and subsidies to boost production.

As a result, bioenergy crops have now replaced food as the most profitable crop in a number European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at €2 per 100 kilograms, or $13.42 per 100 pounds - nearly twice the €1-to-€2 rate per 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market last year. Better still, European farmers are allowed to plant biofuel crops on "set-aside" fields, land that EU agriculture policy would otherwise require them to leave fallow to prevent an oversupply of food.

But an expert panel convened by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization this month pointed out that the biofuels boom produces both benefits as well as tradeoff and risks - including higher and wildly fluctuating global food prices. In some markets grain prices have nearly doubled because farmers are planting for biofuels, "At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas," said Gustavo Best, an expert at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. "But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we're seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light."

Josette Sheeran, the new head of the UN World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new

dilemmas for her agency. "An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity."

In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel oils like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.

"New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market," said Claudia Conti, a spokeswoman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. "Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to quickly to historical highs."

For some experts, more worrisome is the potential impact to low-income consumers from the displacement of food crops by bioenergy plantings. In the developing world, the shift from growing food to growing more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment in places where wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the FAO expert panel concluded.

But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent the worst price and supply problems that have plagued American markets.

"We see in the United States farmers going crazy growing corn for biofuels, but also producing shortages of food and feed," said Michael Mann, a commission spokesman. "So we see biofuel as a good opportunity - but it shouldn't be the be-all and end-all for agriculture."

In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the EU agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent EU target was "not a shot in the dark," but rather carefully chosen to encourage a level of biofuel industry growth that would not produce undue hardship for the Continent's poor. Over the next 14 years, she calculated, it would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed may rise between 5 percent and 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.

第二部分：汉译英

中国历来重视人才工作，并实施”人才强国“战略，大力开发人力市场资源，为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境中国目前实行的是工程技术人员职称聘任制度，经过多年的实践，中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度，并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度。

工程技术人员职务聘任制度形成于计划经济时期，随着社会主义市场经济的建立和经济社会的发展需要进一步完善和改革，人事部、建设部、教育部、中国工程院、中国科协等部门专门成立了领导小组，组织关于技术人才的研究，提出工程技术人才改革框架，建立以业绩

和能力为导向的、科学的、人才绩效评价制度，并积极促进工程师国际互认和资格准入制度。

韩老师参考译文：

一年前，罗马附近这片绿油油的沿海农田还到处生长着一排排的硬质小麦，这种小麦是制作优质意面不可或缺的原料。现如今，这里

已是遍地油菜，这种开黄花的多节、高杆植物看似杂草，现在则成为欧洲农民的一大福音：油菜可以用来生产生物燃料。

生物燃料比石油、天然气更加清洁。现在欧洲对发展替代能源给予大量补贴，同时人们也开始对地球的未来感到担忧，在这种背景下，欧洲的农民纷纷改种生物燃料作物。美洲农民种植生物燃料作物已有五年多的历史，欧洲农民现在也正步其后尘。

“我们的经济、我们的农场正急需这种推动力，”农民马尔切洛﹒皮尼站在地头说。他今年是第一次种植油菜，田里油菜花恣意怒放，黄色的花海随风荡漾。他说，“当然，我们也希望发展生物燃料能有助于环保。”

欧洲生物燃料产业发展缓慢，欧洲委员会对此大为失望，在三月份通过了一份议案，其中包括一项约束性指标，要求各成员国到2020年确保生物燃料占

到交通能源供应的10%，这是世界范围内最为宏伟也最为具体的有关生物燃料发展的目标。

大部分欧盟国家现在离这一目标还相距甚远，纷纷出台新的激励措施并提供更多补贴来支持生物燃料的生产。

在一些欧洲国家，生物燃料作物现已取代粮食作物，成为最有利可图的作物品种。比如，在意大利的上述地区，政府对生物燃料作物实行最低收购价，为每百公斤22欧元，折合每百磅13.42美元，去年公开市场的小麦价格仅为每百公斤11至12欧元，价格相差近一倍。

欧洲为避免出现粮食供过于求而规划了休耕地，农民们现在获准在休耕地里种植生物燃料作物，这更是一大利好。

不过，本月联合国粮农组织召开的专家小组会议指出，生物燃料产业的迅猛发展有利也有弊，导致全球粮价高涨、剧烈波动。在有些国家，农民纷纷改种生物燃料作物，致使粮价已近翻番。

“正当农产品价格低迷之时，生物燃料产业开始兴起，不仅改善了农民的生活，也为农村地区增添了活力，”粮农组织专家古斯塔沃﹒贝斯特说，“不过随着生物燃料产业规模不断扩大，同时人们对生物燃料作物似乎有无限需求，这个产业的发展正产生一些负面影响，我们需要亮起黄灯（来警醒世人）。”

2006年联合国世界粮食署为近9000万人提供了粮食援助，该机构新任总干事约瑟特．施林称，生物燃料产业的发展使粮食署又陷入窘境。她说，“我们粮食署是粮食主要采购方，粮价上涨肯定对我们的工作产生影响。因此，生物燃料产业的发展对我们来说是机遇与挑战并存。”

许多供应商说，欧洲过去种植小麦或大麦的农田现在纷纷改种油菜等生物燃料作物，制作意面、酿造啤酒所需的原料开始出现短缺，这最终会推高超市食品的价格。

“生物燃料需求不断增加，对全球粮食市场已造成巨大压力，”意大利意面生产龙头企业巴里拉的发言人克劳迪亚﹒孔蒂说，“不仅是德国啤酒酿造商，就连墨西哥薄饼制造商的主要原材料成本都出现飙升，创下历史新高。”

有些专家认为，改种生物燃料作物对低收入群体的潜在影响更令人堪忧。粮农组织专家小组得出结论称，在发展中国家，农民开始改种更有利可图的生物燃料作物以满足发达国家的能源需求，特别是有些地区甚至利用荒地来种植生物燃料作物，这将会给当地造成严重饥饿和环境破坏。

不过，欧洲委员会官员们称，他们正在实施稳步有序的行动计划，美洲市场曾出现的粮食价格和供应方面的严重问题（粮价飙升和粮食短缺问题）不会在欧洲发生。

“美国农民纷纷种植玉米用于生产生物燃料，但同时粮食和动物饲料却出现短缺，”欧洲委员会发言人迈克尔·曼说，“所以，我们认为生物燃料产业发展确实是个良机，但不应成为农业发展的终极目标。”

欧盟农业专员玛丽安·费舍·珀尔在最近的演讲中曾说，欧盟所设定的比重10%的目标“并非无的放矢”，而是经过认真考虑后制定的，旨在促进生物燃料产业发展的同时不会给欧洲的贫困群体带来过重负担。她说，从现在起到2020年的14年里，生物燃料产业的发展将会使谷类原材料价格上升3%至6%，油料作物价格上升5%至18%，但是，消费食品价格不会有多大变动。

韩老师参考译文：

Human resource development has long been high on the agenda of China. The Chinese government has put in place the strategy of empowering the country with a strong pool of talents in ways that enable talents to bring their potential into full play/bring out their best/reach their full potential. Years of practice has shaped/resulted in/culminated in a complete/well-developed personnel system for engineers and technicians, who are now employed in line with professional titles.

As the title-oriented employment practice is a product of planned economy, it has to be refined so that it can adapt to an emerging socialist market economy and meet the evolving needs of socio-economic development in China. To this end, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Housing and

Urban-rural Development, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and China Association for Science and Technology have co-founded/jointly established a leading group to coordinate research on technical professionals. The task force has charted a reform course for the engineering and technical community and developed a merit-driven appraisal system. The leading team has also worked hard to facilitate international mutual recognition and qualification-based access for engineers.