2020年交大附中高三上摸底考化学试卷
第一学期
高三化学摸底试卷
相对原子质量：H-1 N-14 O-16 F-19 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Mn-55
Fe-56 Cu-64 Ag-108
一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）
1.“一带一路（OneBelt AndOneRoad）”构建人类命运共同体，符合国际社会的根本利益，彰显人类社会的共同理想和美好追求。下列贸易的商品中，其主要成分属于无机物的是
A. 中国丝绸
B. 埃及长绒棉
C. 乌克兰葵花籽油
D. 捷克水晶
2. 能够产生如右图实验现象的液体是
A. CS2
B. CCl4
C. H2O
D. 苯
3. 下列化学用语的表述正确的是
A. 乙烯的最简式C2H4
B. 四氯化碳的电子式
C. 二氧化硅的分子式SiO2
D. 离子结构示意图：可以表示16O2-，也可以表示18O2-
4. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。下列说法正确的是
A. 1.6g由氧气和臭氧组成的混合物中含有氧原子的数目为0.1N A
B. 0.1mol丙烯酸中含有双键的数目为0.1N A
C. 标准状况下，11.2L苯中含有分子的数目为0.5N A
D. 在过氧化钠与水的反应中，每生成0.1mol氧气，转移电子的数目为0.4N A
5. 下列各组物质的熔点均与所含化学键的键能有关的是
A. CaO与CO2
B. NaCl与HCl
C. SiC与SiO2
D. Cl2与I2
6. BeCl2熔点较低，易升华，溶于醇和醚，其化学性质与AlCl3相似。由此可推测BeCl2
A. 熔融不导电
B. 水溶液呈中性
C. 熔点比BeBr2高
D. 不与NaOH溶液反应
7. 下列变化过程中，体系温度下降的是
A. 硫酸溶于氢氧化钠溶液
B. 铝热反应
C. 液溴和苯在铁粉存在下制溴苯
D. 硝酸铵溶于水
8. 下列不能说明氯的非金属性强于溴的事实是
A. HClO4酸性强于HBrO4
B. 向溴化亚铁溶液中滴入少量氯水，溶液颜色变黄
C. BrCl+H2O→HBrO+HCl是非氧化还原反应
D. HBr的分解温度低于HCl
9. 除去下列物质中混有的少量杂质（括号内的物质），选用的试剂和方法都正确的是
被提纯的物质（杂质）选用的试剂选用的方法
A.乙烷（乙烯）酸性高锰酸钾溶液洗气
B.乙酸乙酯（乙酸）饱和碳酸钠溶液过滤
C.乙醇（水）新制的生石灰蒸馏
D.苯（己烯）溴水过滤
10. 有关右图电化学装置的叙述中，正确的是
A. 若X为碳棒，Y为饱和食盐水，K置于N，则铁极上析出氢气
B. 若X为铂棒，Y为CuCl2溶液，K置于N，则铁棒质量将增加
C. 若X为锌棒，Y为海水，K置于M，形成对铁的外加电流阴极保护
D. 若X为铜棒，Y为稀硫酸，K置于M，则正极反应为：Fe-2e→Fe2+
11. 100℃时向pH=6的蒸馏水中加入NaHSO4晶体，保持温度不变，测得溶液的pH=2，下列叙述错误的是
A. 此时水的离子积K w=1.0×10-12
B. 水电离出的[H+]=1.0×10-10mol/L
C. 水的电离度随温度升高而升高
D. [H3O+]<[SO42-]
12. 下列物质的制备方法正确的是
A. 实验室用1体积酒精和3体积浓度为3mol/L的硫酸制乙烯
B. 将溴乙烷与氢氧化钠溶液共热制取乙烯
C. 2mL10%的NaOH溶液中滴加2%的CuSO4溶液5滴得新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液
D. 用电解熔融氯化铝的方法制得单质铝
13. 陶瓷堪称是中国的国粹，对BN陶瓷叙述正确的是
A. BN化合物中各原子均满足八电子结构
B. B3+和N3-具有相同的核外电子排布
C. 若BN是空间网状结构，则其硬度可能与金刚石相似
D. B3+的离子半径大于H-的半径
14. 向等物质的量浓度NaOH和Na2CO3的混合溶液中加入稀硫酸，下列离子方程式与事实不相符的是
A. OH -+CO 32-+2H +→HCO 3-+H 2O
B. 2OH -+CO 32-+4H +→CO 2↑+3H 2O
C. 2OH -+CO 32-+3H +→HCO 3-+2H 2O
D. OH -+CO 32-+3H +→CO 2↑+2H 2O
15. 常温下用pH=3的某酸溶液与pH=11的氢氧化钠溶液等体积混合，关于所得溶液酸碱性的描述正确的是 A. 不可能显碱性 B. 不可能显中性
C. 不可能显酸性
D. 可能中性、碱性、酸性
16. 已知反应A(g)+B(g)
C(g)+D(g)的平衡常数K 值与温度的关系如下表所示。830℃时，向一个2L 的
密闭容器中充入0.20molA 和0.20molB ，10s 达平衡，测得D 的浓度为0.05mol/L 。下列说法错误的是 A. 该反应为吸热反应，升高温度，平衡朝正反应方向移动
B. 增大压强，正、逆反应速率均加快
C. 反应初始至平衡，A 的平均反应速率v(A)=0.05mol/(L?s)
D. 达平衡时，B 的转化率为50%
17. 实验是研究化学的基础，下图中所示的制备实验方法、装置或操作均正确的是
A. 可用装置甲制取氯气
B. 可用装置乙制取氨气
C. 可用装置丙制取并检验乙炔
D. 可用装置丁制得金属锰
18. 测得某pH=2的溶液中有关数据如下：
则该溶液中还可能大量存在的一种离子是
A. Fe 2+
B. Al 3+
C. Cl -
D. CO
32-
19. 25℃时，在10mL 浓度均为0.1mol/LNaOH 和NH 3?H 2O 混合溶液中，滴加0.1mol/L 的盐酸，下列有关溶液中粒子浓度关系正确的是 A. 未加盐酸时：c(OH -)>c(Na +)=c(NH 3?H 2O) B. 加入10mL 盐酸时：c(NH 4+)+c(H +)=c(OH -) C. 加入盐酸至溶液pH=7时：c(Cl -)=c(Na +)
D. 加入20mL 盐酸时：c(Cl -)=c(NH 4+)+c(Na +)
20. 称取(NH 4)2SO 4和NH 4HSO 4混合物样品7.24g ，加入含0.1molNaOH 的溶液，完全反应，生成NH 3 1792mL
（标准状况），则(NH4)2SO4和NH4HSO4的物质的量比为
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1.87:1
D. 3.65:1
二、不锈钢是由铁、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、碳、硅及众多不同元素组成的合金。
21. 写出碳原子最外层电子的轨道表示式_________，该化学用语不能表达出碳原子最外层电子的（填序号）___________。
a. 电子层
b. 电子亚层
c. 所有电子云的伸展方向
d. 自旋状态
22. 硅烷（SiH4）可用于制备高纯硅。已知硅烷的分解温度远低于甲烷，请从原子结构角度解释硅元素与碳元素非金属性强弱的原因_________________________________________________________。
23. 下面是工业上冶炼Cr时会涉及到的反应：
CrO42-+S+H2O→Cr(OH)3↓+S2O32-+__________
（1）请将方程式补充完整并配平。
（2）上述反应中，若转移了3mol电子，得到的还原产物是______mol。
（3）Cr(OH)3和Al(OH)3类似，也是两性氢氧化物，写出Cr(OH)3的电离方程式___________________。
24. 铁和镍(Ni)位于周期表的同一周期同一族，请写出铁和镍在周期表中的位置_________________。
25. 镍粉在CO中低温加热，生成无色挥发性液态Ni(CO)4，呈四面体构型。Ni(CO)4是_______晶体，Ni(CO)4易溶于下列（填序号）__________。
a. 水
b. 四氯化碳
c. 苯
d. 硫酸镍溶液
三、Na2S又称臭碱、硫化碱，是应用广泛的化工原料，也常用于吸收工业废气中的SO2。
26. 用离子方程式说明Na2S又称臭碱、硫化碱的原因____________________________。
27. 向AgCl悬浊液中滴加Na2S溶液，生成黑色沉淀，写出反应的离子方程式____________________。
结合你所学习过的其它离子反应分析，离子互换反应进行的方向是________________________。
向Na2S溶液中不断通入SO2，直至不再能吸收。其间看到溶液变浑浊，停止反应后溶液中含硫微粒为：S2O32-、HSO3-、H2SO3、HS-。
28. 反应过程中，溶液的pH逐渐_______（填“变大”、“变小”），生成的沉淀是___________。
29. 写出反应后溶液中电荷守恒的表示式______________________________。
四、工业产生的废气CO x、NO x、SO x对环境有害，若能合理的利用吸收，可以减少污染，变废为宝。
30. 光气（COCl2）是一种重要的化工原料，用于农药、医药、聚酯类材料的生产，工业上通过Cl2(g)+CO(g)
COCl 2(g)制备。图1为此反应的反应速率随温度变化的曲线，图2为某次模拟实验研究过程中容器内各物质的浓度随时间变化的曲线。回答下列问题：
℃0～6min 内，反应的平均速率v(Cl 2)=____________；
℃10min 改变的条件是________，该反应平衡常数变化的趋势是____________（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”）。 31. 利用氨水可以将SO 2和NO 2吸收，原理如图3所示：NO 2被吸收的离子方程式为___________________。
32. CO 2在自然界循环时可与CaCO 3反应，CaCO 3难溶于水，可溶于盐酸，请用平衡移动原理解释CaCO 3可溶于盐酸的原因___________________。
五、有机物W 用作调香剂、高分子材料合成的中间体等，制备W 的一种合成路线如下。
已知：
请回答下列问题：
33. F 的化学名称是__________，℃的反应类型是__________________。
34. D 中含有的官能团是_______（写名称），D 聚合生成高分子化合物的结构简式为________。 35. 反应℃的化学方程式是_____________________________。 反应℃的化学方程式是_______________________________。
36. 芳香化合物N 是D 的同分异构体，要求N 能与银氨溶液反应，且能与金属钠反应，一共有4种氢原子，写出符合要求的一种同分异构体的结构简式为________________。
37. 参照有机物W 的上述合成路线，设计以M 为起始原料制备F 的合成路线（无机试剂任选）。
[示例：CH 3CH 2OH 170???→浓硫酸℃
CH 2=CH 224
Br /CCl
????→BrCH 2CH 2Br]
参考答案
一、选择题
二、21. ；c
22. C和Si最外层电子数相同，C原子电子层数少于Si，因此C原子半径小于Si
23. 4；6；7；4；3；2OH-
24. 第四周期第VIII族
25. 分子晶体；b、c
三、26. S2-+H 2O OH-+HS-、HS-+H2O OH-+H2S
27. AgCl+S2-→Ag2S+2Cl-；某些离子浓度减小的方向
28. 变小；S
29. c(Na+)+c(H+)=2c(S2O32-)+c(HSO3-)+c(HS-)+c(OH-)
四、30.℃0.15mol?L-1?min-1℃升高温度；减小
31. 2NO2+4HSO3-→N2+4SO42-+4H+
32. 在溶液中存在CaCO 3的溶解平衡：CaCO3Ca2++CO32-，加入HCl后，H+与CO32-结合生成H2O和CO2，导致CO32-减少，平衡右移，促进CaCO3的溶解。
五、33. 苯甲醇；水解反应或取代反应
34. 羟基、羧基；
35.
36.
37.
北京市通州区2020届高三上学期摸底(期末)考试化学试题
通州区2019-2020学年高三摸底考试 化学试卷 2020年1月 考 生 须 知 1．本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）共8页；考试时间为90分钟， 满分为100分。 2．试题所有答案必须填涂在答题卡或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题 必须用2B 铅笔作答；非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。 3．考试结束后，将答题纸及答题卡一并交回。 可能用到的相对原子质量：H —1 C —12 S —32 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共42分） 本卷包括14小题。每小题3分，共42分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意．．．．．．．． 。 1.化学与科技、社会、生产密切相关，下列事实不涉及化学反应的是（ ） A. 开采可燃冰生产天然气 B . 利用二氧化碳生产燃料乙醇 C. 化学家合成一些药物 D. 利用石油生产塑料、化纤等高分子材料 2.下列有关化学用语使用正确的是（ ） A. 氮分子的电子式： B. 质子数为9，中子数为20的氟原子： C. 对硝基苯的的结构简式： D. FeCl 3水解的离子方程式：FeCl 3═Fe 3++3Cl - 3.我国科学家使用双功能催化剂（能吸附不同粒子）催化水煤气变换反应：CO （g ）+H 2O （g ）═CO（g ）+H 2（g ）△H ＜0．在低温下获得高转化率与高反应速率。反应过程示意图如图：下列说法正确的是（ ） A. 图示显示：起始时的2个H 2O 最终都参与了反应 B. 使用催化剂降低了水煤气变换反应的△H C. 过程Ⅰ、过程Ⅱ均为放热过程 D. 过程Ⅲ只生成了极性共价键 4.今年是门捷列夫发现元素周期律150周年。下表是元素周期表的一部分，W 、X 、Y 、Z 为短周期主族元素，W 与X W
上海交通大学附属中学 2018-2019 学年第一学期 高三英语摸底考试卷
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第一学期 高三英语摸底考试卷 II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passages below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Space is a dangerous place,not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts(1)__________our protective blanket on earth.Light gets through,and this is essential for plants(2)__________(make)the food which we eat.Heat,too, makes our environment endurable.Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space,but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun(3)__________(screen)off.As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (4)__________they are inside,do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is(5)__________(great)known danger to explorers in space.The unit of radiation is called"rem".Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1rem without(6)__________(damage);the figure of60rems has been agreed on.The trouble is(7)__________it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well,but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged,and this will no be discovered (8)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems.So far,no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported,but the Apollo missions have been quite short.We simply do not know yet(9) __________men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere,working in a space laboratory.Drugs might help to decrease the damage(10) __________(do)by radiation,but no really effective ones have been found so far. (B) Before I went to the British Koi Keepers’Annual Show,I didn’t understand(1)______ people could take fish so seriously.However,the more I learned about koi,the more interested I became.As one expert told me,“Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think.They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calming to watch.”Freddie Mercury,the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed----the pool in his specially built Japanese garden was home to89koi,(2) __________cost up to￡10,000each. At the show I met koi euthusiast Jean Kelly.“Koi are getting more and more expensive,”she told me.“One recently sold for￡250,000.”I was shocked-----that’s almost as much as I paid for my house.“Well,that was a record,”(3)__________(admit)Jean.“The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.” Nevertheless,serious collectors can pay up to￡15,000for a fully(4)_______(grow)koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car,and the bigger they are,the more they cost.The cheapest I(5)________find was￡75each,but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish. Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either.“Actually,these koi aren’t any nicer than (6)_______,”She commented.“(7)_______they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got,I paid considerable less than this.”
英语高考单项选择[1]
英语高考单项选择 真题部分-2004年浙江省 21. The winner of 1990 was extremely bad. _____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. A. At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result 22. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 23. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 24. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 25. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite _____ as planned. A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up 26. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 27. ---- What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. ----- _____. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. It’s up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 28. --- Brad was Jane’s brother! ---_______ he reminded me so much of Jane! A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course 29. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 30. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____. A. act B. help C. serve D. last 31. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 32. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast---- ______ David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 33. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______. A. none B. either C. any D. each 34. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 35. A nyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A. when B. where C. what D. Which
初三化学上学期期中考试试题及答案
九年级化学试题 题号一二三四总分 得分 可能用到的相对原子质量：C-12、H-1、O-16、S-32、N-14、Mn-55 一、选择题：（每题只有一个选项符合题意，每题2分，共20分，请把答案填写在题后 的答案栏内） 1．化学的发展对改善人们的生存环境和促进社会发展有着积极的作用。下列各项措施与其要达到的目标不相符的是 A.研制、合成药物-------抑制细菌和病毒 B.生产化肥和农药------增加粮食产量 C.开发新材料、新能源-------改善生存条件，提高生活质量 D.合成食品添加剂-------增进人体健康 2．自然界中发生的这些变化中，有一种与其它三种变化有本质区别的是 A.云雾消散 B.冰雪融化 C.树木折断 D.铁器生锈 3．我国自主研制的“神舟七号”载人飞船于2008年9月25日成功发射升空并顺利返回。飞船常使用的一种助燃剂液氧是由氧气加压降温制成的蓝色液体，下列说法正确的是 A.液氧和氧气的构成分子相同，物理性质不同 B.液氧中的氧分子停止了运动 C.液氧和氧气的组成元素不同 D.液氧中的氧分子间没有空隙4．化学变化常伴随着能量的转化。如图所示，火柴燃烧实验中观察到试管塞被冲飞，这种现象主要能说明 A.化学能最终可转化为机械能 B.内能可转化为化学能 C.化学能最终可转化为光能 D.化学能可转化为内能 5．下图所示的基本实验操作符合操作规范的是 A.点燃酒精灯 B.检查气密性 C.给液体加热 D.称量药品质量 6．观察与比较是化学学习的一种重要方法，观察比较四种物质：CO2、SO2、MnO2、NO2，它们的共同点是 A.组成中都含有氧元素 B.构成中都含有氧分子 C.氧元素和另一种元素的质量比都是2：1 D.常温下都是无色气体 7．关于实验室电解水实验的说法不正确的是 A.实验室必须使用直流电对水进行电解 B.与电源正极相连的玻璃管内产生的气体可使带火星的木条复燃
2016年上海市建平中学、交大附中高三上英语第一次月考 英语试卷及答案
建平中学$交大附中2016学年十月联合月考卷 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each other. The world’s (1)__________(famous)heart surgeon,the Egyptian Professor,Sir Magdi Yacoub,has transplanted more hearts than anyone else.To the countless people whose lives he has transformed and saved,he is a hero.Professor Yacoub (2)_____________(inspire) in his work by his father,who was a general surgeon. Now 66 years old,professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career.For 43 years,he has dealt with desperate patients(3)__________combination pf poor diet,inactive lifestyle and stress overload have caused them to ask for his help.(4)_________ ___________all these experiences,he is very aware of the role of good nutrition and regular exercise in maintaining good health.He eats very well and swims early each morning. Professor Yacoub’s life is always hectic(狂热的).(5)____________a donor heart has suddenly been found,then an operation has to take place quickly.He works long hours;he says there are no regular hours for a heart surgeon,as the surgery _________take place when it needs to be carried out. For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys (7)___________(garden) even grows orchids,One dream of his is to go to the Amazon one day(8)________(see) the rare plants there.He is patron of the Chain of Hope charity,which aims to take medical expense to the developing world.Specialist teams give their time free and travel all over the world to places such as Mozambique and Jamaica to train local surgeons in techniques that (9)________ (save) lives .This charity also brings needy children to the West (10)___________necessary heart surgery. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (A) Valuable By-Products of Space Research
上海市上海师范大学附属中学2021届高三上学期期中英语试题
上师大附中2020 学年度第一学期高三期中考试 英语 考生注意： 1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 7:00 a.m..B. 7:30 a.m..C. 8:00 a.m..D. 8:30 a.m.. 2. A. Parent and child. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student. D. Shop assistant and customer. 3. A. See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B. Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C. Replace the cupboard with a new one. D. Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 4. A. At Mary Johnson’s. B. In an exhibition hall. C. At a painter’s studio. D. Outside an a rt gallery. 5. A. He helped Doris build up the furniture. B. Doris helped him arrange the furniture. C. Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves. D. He was good at assembling bookshelves. 6. A. Blue. B. Red. C. Black. D. Green 7. A. He doesn’t get on with the others. B. He has been taken for a fool. C. He doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. D. He has found a better position. 8. A. They’d better not go riding. B. It is not good riding in the rain. C. They can go riding half an hour later. D. Riding a bike is a great idea. 9. A. The man has to get rid of the used furniture. B. The man’s apartment is ready for rent.
化学期中考试试题及答案
中国农业大学（普通化学A）期中考试试题 环境11级、设施11级、水产11级 班级姓名学号成绩 一、判断题（正确的说法打“√”，错误的说法打“×”）（10分） 1. 催化剂可以改变化学反应的平衡状态。（N） 2. 稀溶液就是溶质含量很低的溶液。（N） 3. 对于特定化学反应，其在一定条件下达到化学平衡状态时反应的Δr G m =0，反应为宏观静止状态；从动力学角度分析，则该状态为正向反应速率和逆向反应速率相等的状态。（Y） 4. 化学反应等温式体现了温度对化学平衡的影响。（N） 5. 利用吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程可以近似求算某些化学反应的转变温度。（Y） 6. 物质B的标准摩尔熵的SI单位J·K-1·mol-1, 是指在指定温度T下由参考状态元素生成物质B时的标准摩尔熵变。（N） 7．酸碱缓冲溶液具有抵抗大量外加酸、碱和稀释作用而保持pH基本不变的能力，高浓度的酸碱也具有缓冲作用。（N） 8．理想气体是理想化的模型，在实际中不存在。（Y） 9．标准状态下，化学反应的定压热在数值上等于该反应的标准摩尔焓变。（N）10．水的离子积又称为水的质子自递常数，在298.15K时，该常数约为10-14。（Y）二、选择题（20分） 1．非电解质稀溶液的依数性是其重要性质，该性质与直接相关。( A ) A. 溶剂本身的性质 B. 溶质本身的性质 C. 溶质和溶剂的性质 D. 温度和压力 2. 在c(KMnO4 )=0.02 mol·L-1的高锰酸钾溶液中，c [(1/5) KMnO4] 为：( B ) A.0.02 mol·L-1 B. 0.10 mol·L-1 C. 0.50 mol·L-1 D. 2.0 mol·L-1 3. 标准状态下，298.15K时，下列反应的Δr Hθm与生成物的Δf Hθm相等的是：（C） A. H2(g) + I2 (s) = 2HI (g) B. HCl (g) + NH3(g) = NH4Cl (s) C. H2 + (1/2)O2 = H2O (g) D. C (金刚石) + O2 (g) = CO2 (g)
唐山市2019—2020学年度高三年级摸底考试化学试题及答案
唐山市2019—2020学年度高三年级摸底考试 理科综合能力测试化学试题及答案 第Ⅰ卷 以下数据可供解题时参考 相对原子质量：H －1 C －12 N －14 O －16 S －32 Fe －56 Cu －64 一、选择题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 7．《本草纲目》中对玻璃有如下叙述：“本作颇黎。颇黎，国名也。其莹如水，其坚如 玉，故名水玉，与水精（即水晶，主要成分为SiO 2）同名。有酒色、紫色、白色，莹澈与水精相似。”下列说法错误．．的是 A ．文中所描述的玻璃颜色，来自某些金属氧化物 B ．玻璃质地坚硬，不易破碎 C ．将石灰石、纯碱、石英在高温下熔融，可制得普通玻璃 D ．不能用带有磨口玻璃塞的玻璃试剂瓶盛放NaOH 溶液 8 A ．分子式为 C 9H 10 B ．分子中所有碳原子均处于同一平面 C ．与 互为同分异构体 D ．易溶于水 9 列说法错误．． 的是 A ．实验过程中持续通入空气可起到搅拌 B 、 C 中的反应物的作用 B ．实验过程中滴加盐酸的速率不宜过快 C ．依据装置C 在反应前后的质量差测定的结果会偏高 D ．C 中的沉淀经过滤、干燥、称重后可确定牙膏样品中碳酸钙的质量 10．N A 是阿伏加德罗常数的值。下列说法正确的是 A ．pH ＝13的NaOH 溶液中含有OH － 的数目为0.1N A B ．Na 2O 2与足量H 2O 反应生成0.1 mol O 2时转移电子的数目为0.4 N A A B C D NaOH
W W Y W Y W W 2－ X ＋X ＋ C ．常温常压下，23 g NO 2与N 2O 4的混合气体中共含有N A 个氧原子 D ．常温常压下，22.4 L CO 2中含有 N A 个CO 2分子 11．常温下，用0.1000 mol·L － 1 NaOH 溶液滴定20.00 mL 0.1000 mol·L － 1某酸（HA ）溶液，溶 液中HA 、A － 的物质的量分数δ(X)随pH 的变化如图所示。 ［已知δ(X)＝) A ()HA ()X (－＋c c c ］下列说法正确的是 A ．K a (HA)的数量级为10－ 5 B ．溶液中由水电离出的c (H ＋ )：a 点＞b 点 C ．当pH ＝4.7时，c (A － )＋c (OH － )＝c (HA)＋c (H ＋ ) D ．当pH ＝7时，消耗NaOH 溶液的体积为20.00 mL 12．短周期主族元素W 、X 、Y 、Z 的原子序数依次增大，X 的原子半径是所有短周期主 族元素中最大的，W 的核外电子数与X 、Z 的最外层电子数之和相等，Y 的原子序数是Z 的最外层电子数的2倍，由W 、X 、Y 三种元素形成的化合物M 的结构如右图所示。下列叙述正确的是 A ．元素非金属性强弱的顺序为W ＞Y ＞Z B ．Y 单质的熔点高于X 单质 C ．W 分别与X 、Y 、Z 形成的二元化合物均只有一种 D ．化合物M 中W 不都满足8电子稳定结构 13．通过膜电池可除去废水中的乙酸钠和对氯苯酚（Cl OH ），其原理如右图所 示，下列说法错误．．的是 A ．该方法能够提供电能 B ．b 极上的电势比a 极上的电势低 C ．a 极的电极反应为Cl OH ＋H ＋＋2e －→ Cl －＋ OH D ．电池工作时H ＋ 通过质子交换膜由正极区向负极区移动
2019-2020学年 上海市上师大附中高一上英语周练英语试卷
2019-2020学年第一学期上大附中高一英语 9月周日小测 Ⅰ. Grammar Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage __21__ the rive running across their city. They cleaned up the rive as part of a week-long environmental camp. Like one in three American rives, this river is so polluted __22__ it’s not safe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who __23__ (complete) her third summer camp so far on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot __24__ (clean).” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage __25__ can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, __26__ die of plastic bottle rings and get cut by tiny metals. Three years ago, __27__ the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers can row their boats fast. By the end of this year’s six-hour cleanup, they __28__ (remove) enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “__29__ (see) all that garbage in the rive makes people begin to care about environmental issues,” Susan says. She hopes that when others read that, she and her peers care enough __30__ (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice before they throw garbage into the river. Ⅱ. Vocabulary Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 1 / 10
【解析版】贵州省贵阳市2020届高三8月摸底考试化学试题
贵阳市普通高中2020届高三年级8月摸底考试 化学 注意事项： 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，其中第Ⅱ卷第17－20题为必做题； 21、22为选考题，考生从中任意选做一个模块的试题，但均不得跨越模块选做。 2.满分100分，考试时间120分钟。 3.答题前请将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考场号等填写在答题卷密封线内的相应栏目。 可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 Cu-64 第Ⅰ卷选择题(共32分) 本题包括16小题，每小题2分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。 1.化学与生产、生活息息相关。下列说法不正确的是（） A. 活性炭可用于杀菌和除异味 B. 镁可用于制造信号弹和焰火 C. 氯化钠可用于配制生理盐水 D. 碘酸钾可用作加碘食盐的添加剂【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】A.活性炭具有吸附性，能除异味，但不能杀菌消毒，A项错误； B.因为镁燃烧发出耀眼的白光，所以可以制造信号弹和烟火，B项正确； C.生理盐水的成分就是氯化钠，所以可以用氯化钠配制，C项正确； D.食盐中的碘元素主要是碘酸钾，所以碘酸钾可以作为加碘食盐的添加剂，D项正确； 答案选A。 2.下列化学用语使用正确的是 N B. NH3分子的电子式： A. 中子数为8的氮原子：8 7 C. 乙酸分子的比例模型： D. Cl－的结构示意图： 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】A.原子左上角的应是质量数，中子数为8的氮原子，质量数应为15，A项错误； B.氨气的电子式中没有画出孤对电子，B项错误； C.比例模型应该体现出原子的大小，在乙酸中C原子的原子半径最大，C项正确； D.氯离子得到了一个电子后，最外层会达到8电子的稳定状态，D项错误；
2016上海交大附中11月周高三英语试题
2016上海交大附中11月周高三英语试题 II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given words; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. He Z higang’s eyes pleaded with the elevator dial as he stood waiting on the ground floor. The red numbers wouldn’t budge. He glanced at his phone. The elevator. T he phone. He pushed back his helmet, lifted the delivery bag of steamed buns and prepared to run up 20 flights of stairs. The elevator doors opened. He exhaled. The hungry office worker probably won’t remember who brought him lunch on a Friday afternoon, or (21)________ it was 11 minutes and 20 seconds before the allotted time. Maybe he’ll notice the colorful uniforms that flood Beijing streets and think of the beef noodle soup that came still too hot to eat, or the deliveryman who screeched past on an electric scooter and nearly took out his driver's side mirror. These wai mai, or take-out, drivers symbolize China’s transformation from a poor society (22)_______(dedicate) to manufacturing to a more affluent(23)________ driven by consumption. Delivery driver s are “high risk” because they run red lights and drive(24)________ traffic. They meld (融入)into the chaos of the street ,where cars make U-turns in the middle of the road, bicycles ride on sidewalks and motorcycles play chicken with oncoming traffic. Eye c ontact acknowledge defeat. Electric scooters like He’s (25)_________(add) to the scramble(争抢)only. The dinner crush(26)_________(start)by 6 p.m. when He walked into a west Beijing mall. He’d just passed a bag of noodles to the hand that(27)_________(emerge) from an apartment door. Now he needed to pick up a plate of sashimi, which he’d never eaten. Lines of Japanese, Korean and Yunnan restaurants occupied the
【全国百强校】2018-2019学年上师大附中高三下英语三月月考(解析版)
2018-2019学年上师大附中高三下 英语三月月考 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Smart phones were once the best thing to happen to the tech industry. In the 11 years since the iPhone made its debut, smart phones ____1____（include）just about every other gadget. And it is surprising that it ____2____ alter every business. But ____3____ smart phones have achieved dominance, revolution is again in the air. At Google’s and Apple’s recent develop er conference, executives took the stage to show how much more irresistible they were making our phones. Then each company unveiled the software ____4____（help）you use your phone a lot less. There’s reason for this seemingly contradictory engineering effort, and it’s ____5____ I call“Peak Screen”．For much of the last decade, a technology industry ____6____（rule）by smart phones has pursued a singular goal of completely ____7____（conquer）our eyes. Tech has now captured pretty much all visual capacity. Americ ans spend three to four hours a day looking at their phones, and that’s the minimum estimaton. So tech giants are to build the beginning of something new: a ____8____（visual）tech world, a digital landscape ____9____ relies on voice assistants, headphones, watches and other wearables to take some pressure off our eyes. We may simply end up adding new devices to our screen-addled lives, ____10____ it could change everything again. As I argued, in many ways screens have become to dominant in our lives. The sooner we find something else, the better. 【答案】 1. have included 2. should 3. even if 4. to help 5. what 6. ruled 7. conquering