上海市上海师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高三上学期期中英语试题(解析版)

上师大附中2020 学年度第一学期高三期中考试

英语

考生注意：

1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

I. Listening Comprehension Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. 7:00 a.m..B. 7:30 a.m..C. 8:00 a.m..D. 8:30 a.m..

2. A. Parent and child. B. Husband and wife.

C. Teacher and student.

D. Shop assistant and customer.

3. A. See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B. Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.

C. Replace the cupboard with a new one.

D. Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.

4. A. At Mary Johnson’s. B. In an exhibition hall.

C. At a painter’s studio.

D. Outside an a rt gallery.

5. A. He helped Doris build up the furniture. B. Doris helped him arrange the furniture.

C. Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.

D. He was good at assembling bookshelves.

6. A. Blue. B. Red. C. Black. D. Green

7.A. He doesn’t get on with the others. B. He has been taken for a fool. C. He doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. D. He has found a better position.8. A. They’d better not go riding. B. It is not good riding in the rain.C. They can go riding half an hour later. D. Riding a bike is a great idea. 9. A. The man has to get rid of the used furniture. B. The man’s apartment is ready for rent.C. The furniture is covered with lots of dust. D. The furniture the man bought is inexpensive. 10.A. The man tells the woman how to get to a cinema.

B. The woman lost her way in the street.

C. The woman wants to know how to get to Joe’s house.

D. The man tells the woman how to get to a nearest snack bar.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. A plane to Moscow crashed. B. A lorry came straight at him.

C. A train fell into an icy river.

D. A car exploded 100 meters below.

12.A. He landed in a haystack. B. He jumped out and landed in a tree.

C. He wore the safety belt and didn’t fall out.

D. He crawled out of the car before it exploded.

13.A. He was unwilling to take any risk. B. He was busy preparing for his wedding.

C. He was worried about his great fortune.

D. He didn’t want others to know he had won a lottery. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. It varies from person to person.

B. It is decided by the healthiest lifestyle.

C. It needs some tests and comparison with standards.

D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals.

15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.

C. It is less enjoyable.

D. It is less effective.

16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.

B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.

C. The new concept of fitness and its essential factors.

D. Some sports with significant training effect.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17. A. newspaper. B. An advertisement company.

C. A cleanup company.

D. A market.

18. A. She wants to spare more room for something new.

B. She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.

C. She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.

D. She just wants to clean up their house.

19. A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.

B. Rudy will come and take their stuff away.

C. Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.

D. Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.

20. A. His old guitar.

B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.

C. The spring cleanup sale.

D. The low cost of ad and friendly service.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Aboriginal is a term used to describe the people and animals that lived in the place from the earliest

___1___(know) times or before Europeans arrived. Examples are the Maori in New Zealand, the aborigines in Australia and the Indians in America. They all share the fact____2____they were pushed off their land by European settlers.

Maori

The Maori were the first people___3___(go) to New Zealand about 1,000 years ago. They came from the islands of Polynesia in the Pacific. They brought dogs, rats and plants with them and settled mainly on the northern Island. In 1769, Captain James Cook from Britain took possession of the island and from that time British people started to settle. The Maori signed an agreement on land rights with these settlers,___4___in later years, there were arguments and battles between them.

Aborigines

The native people of Australia came from somewhere in Asia more than 40,000 years ago. They lived by hunting and gathering. Their contact with British settlers began in 1788. By the 1940s, almost all of ___5___were mixed into Australian society as low-paid workers. Their rights were limited. In 1976 and 1993 the Australian government passed laws ___6___ returned some land to the Aborigines and recognized their property rights.

American Indians Long before the Europeans came to America in the 16th and 17th century,the American Indians, or Native Americans, lived there. It is believed that they came from Asia. Christopher Columbus mistook the land___7___ India and so-called people there Indians. The white settlers in American Indians lived in peace at the beginning, but conflicts finally____8____(arise) and led to the Indian war(1866-1890). After the wars, the Indians___9___(drive) to the west of the country. Not until 1924 ____10____they gain the right to vote.

【答案】1. known

2. that

3. to go

4. but

5. them

6. which/that

7. for 8. arose

9. were driven

10. did

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了土著居民的历史，毛利人在1000多年前来到了新西兰，后来英国人开始来到这里。澳大利亚的土著居民来自亚洲的某个地方，他们靠打猎和采摘为生，后来英国人开始来到这里打扰了他们的生活。美洲的印第安人他们来自亚洲，后来欧洲人来了，他们的生活变得不平静了。这三种土著居民的共同特点就是外人来时，他们的土地被外来人占去了一些并且他们的地位低下。

【1题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：“土著居民”是一个术语，用来描述从已知的最早时代或欧洲人到来之前居住在这个地方的人和动物。分析句子可知设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语times（时代）之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为known。

【2题详解】

考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：他们都有一个共同的事实，那就是他们被欧洲殖民者赶出了自己的土地。设空处引导同位语从句，从句不缺成分，表达的含义完整，应用that。故答案为that。

【3题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：毛利人是大约一千年前到达新西兰的第一批人。设空处在句中作非谓语，当名词前有the first修饰的时候，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词动作的执行者时，用不定式作定语。故答案为to go。

【4题详解】

考查连词。句意：毛利人与这些定居者签订了一份关于土地权利的协议，但在后来的几年里，他们之间发生了争论和战斗。结合句意，设空处前为签订了协议，设空处后为发生了争论和战斗，前后两者为转折关系。故答案为but。

【5题详解】

考查代词。句意：4万多年前，澳大利亚的土著人从亚洲的某个地方来到这里。他们靠打猎和采集为生。他们与英国殖民者的接触始于1788年。到20世纪40年代，几乎所有人都以低薪工人的身份融入了澳大利亚社会。他们的权利是有限的。根据句意，此处是指上句当中的“the native people of Australia”（澳大利亚的土著），故应用them。

【6题详解】

考查定语从句的引导词。句意：他们的权利是有限的。1976年和1993年，澳大利亚政府通过法律，将一些土地归还给土著居民，并承认他们的财产权。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为“laws”（法律），在从句中作指物的主语，故答案为which/that。

【7题详解】

考查介词。句意：克里斯托弗?哥伦布误把这片土地当成了印度，把那里所谓的人当成了印第安人。mistake…for…“把…错认为…”，故答案为for。

【8题详解】

考查谓语动词的时态。句意：美国印第安人的白人定居者一开始过着和平的生活，但最终冲突爆发了，并导致了印第安战争(1866-1890)。设空处在句中做谓语，根据时间状语(1866-1890)，可知事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故答案为arose。

【9题详解】

考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：战争结束后，印第安人被驱赶到西部。直到1924年，他们才获得选举权。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，又叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为were driven。

【10题详解】

考查倒装句。句意：直到1924年他们才获得了选举权。not(否定词)置于句首，应用部分倒装（be动词/助动词/情态动词放到主语的前面），根据时间1924可知时态为一般过去时，gain是行为动词，应用助动词did。故答案为did。

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Health care reform is largely about everyday concerns --- making sure more people are insured and

have___11___ access to primary care to treat acute illnesses like the flu in proper settings, instead of emergency rooms and helping to keep chronic illnesses such as diabetes in___12___. What it doesn't clearly tackle is how the medical industry’s___13___ to unexpected public health crises and epidemics would differ. Ther e’s little in either the House or Senate bills that would result in more___14___ surveillance of outbreaks, for instance, and there’s nothing in either bill that can prevent the criminal activity that led to two of the most alarming health stories of the past few decades.

So it's worth wondering if the current bills could have changed how some of the other big public health crises of the past few decades would have played out: does having a more___15___health care plan in place make a nation less prone to various epidemics and illnesses? We asked several experts to “run back the clock” (as one of them put it) and____16____whether reform would have made any difference or saved any lives. Most of them agreed that although it wouldn't have___17___any crises, they may have been easier to bear. Here's a look at health crises and how they may have developed under an extensive health-care-reform plan.

Under both bills, health insurance companies will be prevented from___18___against people with pre-existing conditions or canceling people's insurance because of anything other than___19___ fraud. Both of those provisions could have made tremendous difference in how AIDS was_____20_____dealt with in the U.S., says Wendy Parmet, a professor of law at Northeastern University and a prominent lawyer who was co-counsel in the case that led the Supreme Court to apply the Americans with Disabilities Act to AIDS victims.

【答案】11. J 12. C

13. K 14. H

15. D 16. A

17. B 18. E

19. F 20. G

【解析】

本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了医疗改革所带来的影响。

【11题详解】

考查形容词。句意：医疗改革主要涉及日常事务——确保更多的人有保险，并能在适当的环境中定期获得初级保健，治疗流感等急性疾病，而不是在急诊室，并帮助控制糖尿病等慢性疾病。修饰名词access，前用

形容词形式。regular“定期的，有规律的”符合语境。故选J。

【12题详解】

考查名词。句意：医疗改革主要涉及日常事务——确保更多的人有保险，并能在适当的环境中定期获得初级保健，治疗流感等急性疾病，而不是在急诊室，并帮助控制糖尿病等慢性疾病。介词in后应接名词性质的词，in check“受控制”符合语境。故选C。

【13题详解】

考查名词。句意：它没有明确解决的是，医疗行业对突发公共卫生危机和流行病的反应会有何不同。industry’s后应接名词，response to“对……反应”符合语境。故选K。

【14题详解】

考查形容词。句意：例如，众议院和参议院的法案中都没有什么能导致对疾病爆发进行更严格的监控，而且在这两项法案中也没有任何内容能够防止犯罪活动，这种犯罪活动导致了过去几十年里最令人担忧的两个健康事件。修饰名词surveillance，前用形容词形式。intense“强烈的”符合语境。故选H。

【15题详解】

考查形容词。句意：因此，值得思考的是，当前的法案是否会改变过去几十年发生的其他一些重大公共卫生危机的结局：拥有一个更全面的医疗保健计划是否会让一个国家不那么容易发生各种流行病和疾病? 修饰名词health care plan，前用形容词形式，comprehensive“全面的，广泛的”符合句意。故选D。

【16题详解】

考查动词。句意：我们请了几位专家“让时间倒流”(正如他们中的一位所说)，评估改革是否会产生任何影响或拯救任何生命。根据ask sb. to do“请求某人做某事”，可知空处用动词原形。assess评估，评定。故选A。

【17题详解】

考查动词。句意：他们中的大多数人都认为，尽管这无法避免任何危机，但它们可能更容易承受。have后面接动词的过去分词形式。avoid“避免”符合句意，此处应用过去分词形式avoided。故选B。

【18题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：在这两项法案中，医疗保险公司将被禁止歧视有既往病史的人也不会因为有文件证明的欺诈行为而取消人们的保险。discriminate“歧视”符合句意，根据prevent … from doing“阻止做某事”，可知介词from后接动名词形式。故选E。

【19题详解】

考查动词。句意：在这两项法案中，医疗保险公司将被禁止歧视有既往病史的人也不会因为有文件证明的欺诈行为而取消人们的保险。修饰名词fraud ，前用形容词形式。documented“备有证明文件的”符合句意。故选F。

【20题详解】

考查副词。句意：这两项规定本可以对美国最初对待艾滋病的方式产生巨大的影响，Wendy Parmet说,她是东北大学的法学教授，也是一位杰出的律师，曾在导致最高法院将《美国残疾人法案》适用于艾滋病患者的案件中担任联合律师。修饰动词dealt，用副词形式。initially“最初”符合句意。故选G。

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

How I Failed My Oxford Interview

As soon as the words left my mouth I knew I’d___21___. “You think Jane Austen is... soft?” The man opposite me asked in disbelief. Then, he and his colleague took turns to___22___my claim, finishing each other’s sentences as they stressed Austen’s novels were, in fact, savage.

“I just mean...” I said in a___23___voice, trying to keep the tone light, “that she’s n ot as biting as Virginia Woolf.”

The two professors patted this idea around, too, like a couple of cats toying with a frightened bird---giving

___24___examples of how Austen’s work was, ____25____, more biting than Woolf’s. With no more defensive action t o take, I simply smiled and said, “Let’s just agree to disagree, shall we?” And at that moment, my dreams of going to Oxford university___26___in a puff of smoke.

Part of my problem, in hindsight was a lack of confidence.___27___I was a straight A student and had prepared for the interview to the best of my ability, I wasn’t a skilled debater. When faced with two experts who told me that I was wrong, instead of defending myself, I rolled over and accepted___28___.

To pass the interview, you need confidence, of course. You also need a___29___ passion for your subject, not just a keen interest. In other words, don’t put comments on your personal statement that you don’t

have____30____for your in-person backup.

So, months later, I already knew the contents of my thin envelope when it appeared on my doormat. ____31____, I felt a pang of disappointment. I had wanted to go to Oxford since I was 13. I used to look up images of my favorite college with the same____32____of a bride-to-be browsing wedding dresses.

Ult imately, I didn’t have what it took---but, looking back, that was____33____a bad thing. Instead of going to Oxford, I found a university that was a better fit for my interests. I loved my eclectic course, where I could write an essay comparing Jane Eyre to 50 Shades of Grey.

Failing my Oxford interview also provided a valuable life lesson. I’m now more confident in my opinions, more passionate when it comes to debate, and I try to back up my points with____34____evidence. What’s more, I had

never since ended a discussion by giving a ______35______smile and saying,” let’s just agree to disagree, shall we?”

21. A. produced sensation B. made a mistake C. sparked controversy D. caused disruption

22. A. clarify B. provoke C. manipulate D. challenge

23. A. subtle B. bright C. sophisticated D. vague

24. A. specific B. brief C. ambiguous D. abstract

25. A. for one thing B. in turn C. on the contrary D. at large

26. A. vanished B. facilitated C. implanted D. distributed

27. A. As long as B. Even though C. Despite D. Because

28. A. paradox B. compromise C. defeat D. embarrassment

29. A. burning B. fulfilling C. dying D. innate

30. A. substitute B. readiness C. optimism D. concern

31. A. Previously B. Practically C. Naturally D. Exclusively

32. A. resentment B. controversy C. distraction D. eagerness

33. A. not necessarily B. all but C. in particular D. at length

34. A. stubborn B. hard C. radical D. generous

35. A. stunning B. winning C. overwhelming D. simpering

【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31.

C 32.

D 33. A 34. B 35. D

【解析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中讲述了自己面试牛津大学失败的故事，虽然面试失败了，但是作者认为，那次失败给自己的人生上了宝贵的一课。

【21题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：话音刚落，我就知道我犯了一个错误。A. produced sensation产生感觉；B.made a mistake犯错；C. sparked controversy 引发争议；D. caused disruption 造成破坏。根据下文““You think Jane Austen is... soft?” The man opposite me asked in disbelief. Then, he and his colleague took turns to___2___my claim”可知，作者认为简·奥斯汀的作品是柔和的，这个观点遭到了考官的轮流抨击，他们认为简·奥斯汀的作品是野蛮的。实际上，作者刚刚一表达出这个观点就意识到自己犯错了（made a mistake），故选B项。【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他和他的同事轮流争先恐后地挑战我的观点，因为他们强调奥斯汀的小说实际上是野蛮的。A.clarify澄清；B.provoke引发；C.manipulate操纵；D.challenge挑战。根据“as they stressed Austen’s novels were, in fact, savage”可知，考官们与作者的观点截然相反，他们都认为简·奥斯汀的作品

是野蛮的，因此，他们挑战（challenge）作者的观点。故选D项。

【23题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我的意思是……”我用一种轻快的声音说，尽量保持轻松的语气，“她不像弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫那么刻薄。”A.subtle微妙的；B.bright轻快的；C.sophisticated复杂的；D.vague模糊的。根据“trying to keep the tone light”可知，作者非常紧张，所以尽可能用一种轻快的（bright）语气来让自己保持轻松。故选B项。

【24题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两位教授也把这个想法转来转去，就像一对猫在玩弄一只受惊的小鸟——举了具体的例子，说明奥斯汀的作品恰恰相反，比伍尔夫的作品更具攻击性。A.specific具体的；B.brief短暂的；C.ambiguous模棱两可的；D.abstract抽象的。根据“examples of how Austen’s work was, ____5____, more biting than Woolf’s”可知，两位教授对于他们认为“奥斯汀的作品更有攻击性”的观点举出了具体的（specific）例子。故选A项。

【25题详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：这两位教授也把这个想法转来转去，就像一对猫在玩弄一只受惊的小鸟——举了具体的例子，说明奥斯汀的作品恰恰相反，比伍尔夫的作品更具攻击性。A.for one thing一方面；B.in turn 轮流；C.on the contrary相反地；D.at large大多数。根据第一段“The man opposite me asked in disbelief. Then, he and his colleague took turns to___2___my claim”可知，教授们与作者对于奥斯汀的作品的观点是相反地（on the contrary）。故选C项。

【26题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我上牛津大学的梦想化为乌有。A.vanished消失；B.facilitated促进；

C.implanted注入；

D.distributed分发。根据第五段“I felt a pang of disappointment”可知，作者在这次面试中失败了，因为他在陈述对于奥斯汀的作品的观点时，与考官们的想法背道而驰。因此，他意识到他上牛津大学的梦想消失了（vanished）。故选A项。

【27题详解】

考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管我是个优等生，并已尽我所能准备面试，但我并不是一个熟练的辩论家。

A.As long as只要；

B.Even though即使；

C.Despite尽管；

D.Because因为。根据句意“I was a straight A student and had prepared for the interview to the best of my ability(我是个优等生，并已尽我所能准备面试)”与“I wasn’t a skilled debater(我并不是一个熟练的辩论家)”之间构成让步关系，故用Even though（即使）引导让步状语从句。虽然despite也有此意，但该词后只能接名词性质的词。故选B项。

【28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：当面对两个告诉我我错了的专家时，我没有为自己辩护，而是接受了失败。

A.paradox矛盾；

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea13919137.html,promise妥协；

C.defeat失败；

D.embarrassment尴尬。根据“instead of defending myself”可知，作者面对考官的挑战，没有做过多的辩驳，而是接受了失败（defeat）。故选C项。

【29题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你还需要对你的学科有一个强烈的激情，而不仅仅是一个热烈的兴趣。A.burning 强烈的，火辣的；B.fulfilling满足的；C.dying垂死的；D.innate天生的。根据“not just a keen interest”可知，作者认为，面试时不仅仅要对自己的学科有强烈的激情，而不仅仅是兴趣，“burning”与“keen”相呼应。故选A项。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：换言之，不要在你的个人陈述上说你没有准备好的个人赘述。A.substitute替代；

B.readiness准备就绪；

C.optimism乐观；

D.concern担忧。根据本文第一段，作者在说完他个人对奥斯汀的作品的观点之后，遭到了考官的轮流抨击。实际上，作者说完就后悔了，由此推知他面试前并未准备好（readiness）要陈述自己对奥斯汀的作品的观点。故选B项。

【31题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：自然，我感到一阵失望。A.Previously以前；B. Practically实际上；C.Naturally 自然；D.Exclusively专门。根据下一句“I had wanted to go to Oxford since I was 13.”可知，作者自从13岁开始，就梦想考上牛津大学，因此，当他得知自己没有被录取的时候，自然地（Naturally）感到很失望。故选C项。

【32题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我过去常常像准新娘急切地浏览婚纱一样浏览我最喜欢的大学的照片。

A.resentment怨恨；

B.controversy争议；

C.distraction分心；

D.eagerness急切。根据“a bride-to-be browsing wedding dresses.”可知，作者将自己对于能够升入牛津大学的渴望，就如同待嫁新娘急切(eagerness)想穿婚纱一样。故选D项。

【33题详解】

考查副词短语辨析。句意：最终，我没有得到所需要的——但是，回头看，这不一定是件坏事。A.not necessarily 不一定；B.all but但是；C.in particular特别地；D.at length终于。根据“Instead of going to Oxford, I found a university that was a better fit for my interests.”可知，虽然没有考上牛津大学，但是作者找到了一所更适合自己兴趣的大学，因此，当初没有考上牛津，在作者看来，不一定（not necessarily）是坏事。故选A项。【34题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我现在对自己的观点更有信心，在辩论时更有激情，我努力用牢固的证据来支持我的观点。A.stubborn固执的；B.hard坚固的，牢固的；C.radical激进；D.generous慷慨的。根据“Failing my Oxford interview also provided a valuable life lesson. I'm now more confident in my opinions, more passionate

when it comes to debate”可知，作者认为，牛津大学的面试失败给了他经验和教训，因此，在以后的辩论前，他都会做足充分的准备，用牢固的（hard）证据来支持自己的观点。故选B项。

【35题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，从那以后，我再也不用装一个傻笑，然后用“让我们求同存异吧，好吗？”来结束一段讨论。A.stunning惊人的；B.winning获胜的；C.overwhelming压倒性的；D.simpering 傻笑的。根据上文语境可知，作者认为，辩论前做好充分的准备，对自己更有了信心，不需要依靠尴尬的傻笑（simpering）来结束辩论。故选D项。

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."

The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.

To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.

Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower.

The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.

The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."

36. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.

A. building

B. exchanging

C. controlling

D. transplanting

37. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.

A. our feelings are related to our bodily experience

B. we can learn to take control of other people's bodies

C. participants will live more passionately after the experiment

D. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes

38. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.

A. they fought strongly against racism

B. they scored lower on the test for racism

C. they changed their behaviour dramatically

D. they were more biased against those unlike them

39. It can be concluded from the passage that______.

A. technology helps people realize their dreams

B. our biases could be eliminated through experiments

C. virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

D. our points of view about others need changing constantly

【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种Be another lab的体验，可以让人们互换角色，这样可以一定程度上消除人们的偏见，也可以促进人与人的相互理解。

【36题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第一段的最后的描写：She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."可知，她和她的搭档，一个演员，用一台叫

The Machine to Be Another交换了身体。”她说：“当我往下看时，我看到我整个身体都是男人，穿着我搭档的裤子。”这是我记得最清楚的照片。所以女演员和男演员互换了角色，故根据上下文语境可以判断出，swapping的意思是“交换”，故选B。

【37题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段的最后一句话：Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.可知，最终，这种缓慢的同步运动变得舒适起来，参与者真的开始觉得他们好像生活在另一个人的身体里。从Be another lab的体验可以推断出我们的感觉和身体的经验有关，故选A

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias （偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them.可知，研究表明，虚拟现实可以有效地打击种族主义，即人类对那些长得或听起来不像他们的人的偏见。所以在the Implicit Association test中，在参与者使用虚拟现实的眼镜控制一个黑色皮肤的人之前，他们对不像他们的人物更有偏见，选D。

【39题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段和第四段The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project可知，这个想法是，一旦你“设身处地地处在别人的位置时”，你就不太可能对他们不好，因为你的大脑已经内化了成为那个人的感觉。在身体交换后，人们想要张开双臂，彼此拥抱。故判断出虚拟现实帮助促进人们之间的理解，故选C。

(B)

Read this tourist booklet for Clarke Quay

CATCH THE BUZZ OF LIFE ON THE RIVER

Souvenirs From the Past

Every weekend, there's a popular flea market. Hunt for treasures of a different kind. Among the collection of goodies, you will find jewelries, antiques and carpets that are centuries old, which defines their significance. All the speciality shops here deal with ancient items, including remains of the past.

Dine by the River

The high-tech centers which tower over the historic riverside buildings bring a modern taste to Clarke Quay. When it comes to food, you are spoilt for a variety of choice. Sample local favorites in the cool comfort of the Food

Court or enjoy them in the open at a snack stand. You may also experience special spirits at any of the watering holes.

Nightlife Entertainment

Clarke Quay boasts a bustling nightlife. Magic and music fill the air. Trolleys off wheels burst along streets selling sweets of unique shapes and colors. Fortune tellers cast their spell and tell forbidden stories. The atmosphere is boring.

The riverside village plays host to a good number of watering holes, all of which feature nightly live entertainment. Sit back with a drink there and watch the local color while your favorite music washes over you. Or you may hit the dance floor and flash your moves.

A Ride Into the Past and the Future

You may choose to arrive by means of a vessel from the past. The unique River Taxi was previously a boat that transported goods from ship to land these days. It dominates the river, transporting tourists and locals to their various destinations.

How to Get Here:

※From City Hall MRT Station: Take bus service 32/135 along North Bridge Rd

※From Orchard MRT Station: Take bus service 54 along Scotts Rd

40. The gifts visitors can buy from the flea market are mainly .

A. carpets produced in another country

B. animals raised in the market

C. secondhand objects of historical value

D. candies of different shapes and colors

41. In the booklet, the underlined “watering holes” are closest in meaning to .

A. Mental hospitals

B. Night pubs

C. CD shops

D. entertainment shows.

42. According to the booklet which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A. Different kinds of foods are offered in Clarke Quay.

B. Fortune telling is a forbidden business in Clarke Quay.

C. River taxis ship people instead of goods today.

D. The bus service can bring visitors to Clarke Quay from Orchard MRT Station.

【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B

【解析】

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Clarke Quay的一些特色活动以及如何到达那里的交通信息。

【40题详解】

细节理解题。根据Souvenirs From the Past部分中“Every weekend, there's a popular flea market. Hunt for treasures of a different kind. Among the collection of goodies, you will find jewelries, antiques and carpets that are centuries old, which defines their significance. (每个周末，这里都有一个很受欢迎的跳蚤市场。寻找不同种类的珍宝。在这些收藏品中，你会发现有几百年历史的珠宝、古董和地毯，这些都说明了它们的意义)”由此可知，游客在跳蚤市场能买到的礼物主要是有历史价值的二手物品。故选C。

【41题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“You may also experience special spirits”可知你还可以在任何酒吧体验特殊的烈酒。由此可知，划线短语意思与B选项“夜间酒吧”最接近。故选B。

【42题详解】

细节理解题。根据Nightlife Entertainment部分中“Clarke Quay boasts a bustling nightlife. Magic and music fill the air. Trolleys off wheels burst along streets selling sweets of unique shapes and colors. Fortune tellers cast their spell and tell forbidden stories. (Clarke Quay拥有熙熙攘攘的夜生活。空气中充满了魔力和音乐。没有轮子的手推车沿着街道冲来冲去，出售形状独特、颜色各异的糖果。算命先生施展法术，讲一些禁忌的故事)”由此可知，B选项“算命在Clarke Quay是被禁止的事”不正确。故选B。

( C )

Unhealthy health care bills, long emergency-room waits and inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.

Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and costs. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialists rather than the primary care physician.

A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare Beneficiaries(老年医保受惠人）. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors --- two primary care physicians and five specialists --- in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don't guarantee better care. Actually increasing breakup of care results in a corresponding rise in costs and medical errors.

How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he's reimbursed（返还费用）. Moreover, the amount of a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient's disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.

Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.

Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.

How do we fix this problem?

It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive food to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and harmonizing the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.

We’re at the point where primary care is needed more than ev er. Within a few years, the first wave of 76 million Baby Boomers will become qualified for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.

Who will be there to treat them？

43. The author’s chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is_____.

A. the inadequate training of physicians

B. the declining number of doctors

C. the ever-rising health care costs

D. the shrinking primary care resources

44. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that .

A. the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure

B. seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors

C. visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good health

D. the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better

45. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?

A. They find the need for primary care declining.

B The current system works against primary care.

C. Primary care physicians command less respect.

D. They think working in an emergency room tedious.

46. What suggestions does the author give in order to provide better health care?

A. Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.

B. Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.

C. Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.

D. Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.

【答案】43. D 44. D 45. B 46. A

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章作者论述了美国医保制度重视专科而忽视初级医疗保健的弊端，并提出了改革的建议。

【43题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Unhealthy health care bills, long emergency-room waits and inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.(不健康的医疗费用，长时间的急诊室等待，找不到初级保健医生，这些都只是患者日常面临的问题的表面)”以及第二段“Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system.(初级保健应是保健系统的支柱)”以及第三段“How did we let primary care slip so far?(到目前为止，我们是如何让初级保健滑坡的？)”可知，作者认为，初级医保应是保健系统的支柱，然而，美国由于初级保健的日益衰落滑坡，导致患者要负担更多的医疗费用、急诊室长久的等待、找不到初级保健的医生等等问题。因此，作者对当前美国医疗体系的主要担忧是：D项“the shrinking primary care resources(日益萎缩的初级保健资源)”符合题意。故选D项。

【44题详解】

推理判断题。根据本文第三段段“Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don't guarantee better care. Actually increasing breakup of care results in a corresponding rise in costs and medical errors. (与普遍的看法相反，医生照顾你越多，并不能保证更好的治疗。事实上，越来越多的医疗分拆导致了相应的费用和医疗差错的增加。)”可知，人们普遍认为，照顾同一位患者的医生越多，就意味着患者能得到更好的治疗。因此，我们从这篇文章中了解到人们倾向于相信：D项“the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better (照顾一位病人的医生越多越好)”符合题意。故选D项。

【45题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段“Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. (医科专业的学生并非没有意识到这一情况，他们认识到费用返还制度对初级医保极其不利。最近的数据显示，自1997年以来，美国医科毕业生选择初级保健作为职业的人数已下降50%)”可知，由于现有医疗体系使医学生们认识到费用返还制度对初级医保极其不利，人们认为初级保健职业没有工作前景，所以选择初级保健作为职业的人数越来越少。因此，许

多医学毕业生拒绝选择初级保健作为他们的职业的原因是：B项“The current system works against primary care.(目前的制度与初级医保背道而驰)”符合题意。故选B项。

【46题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Make primary care more attractive food to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and harmonizing the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.(通过免除选择初级保健作为职业的学生的贷款，并协调专科医生和初级保健医生之间的工资显著差异，使初级保健对医学生更有吸引力)”可知，作者建议，要吸引更多的人选择初级保健医生职业，就要免除选择初级保健作为职业的学生的贷款、消除专科医生和初级保健医生之间的工资显著差异。因此，为了提供更好的医疗保健，作者提出建议有：A项“Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians(缩小专科医生和初级保健医生之间的工资差距)”符合题意，故选A项。Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

To Wear or Not to Wear

After a strict head teacher in the U.K. sent 80 students home for uniform violations, the Guardian held a discussion about whether wearing school uniforms makes a difference.

School uniform is very important. I t does improve my concentration, because it reminds me that I’m at school to learn. But I’m not sure if that’s because I’m used to wearing uniform and associate my own clothes with free time._______47_______If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing. I don’t think this ignores a child’s need to express themselves.

-- David Hershman, a student at Stafford grammar school ___48___Students should start school with no uniform. As they progress through the school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school, and uniform is important for that. So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. Look at the Marines（海军陆战队）they can’t wait to get that beret（贝雷帽）.

--Tim Francis, a former teacher

I have had experience of teaching in both uniform and non-uniform schools. I can definitely see the benefits of students wearing uniform. Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students._____49_____Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority.

--Enayah Byramjee, an educational development director

In a perfect world, school uniform would not exist. Children would express their personalities through their clothes at school, just as they do at home. School wouldn’t impress on pupils the need to wear skirts to a certain len gth. We don’t live in a perfect world, however.___50___

My house is often filled with uniform-wearing girls. The best thing about uniform, for me as a parent, is the simplicity.

--Joanna Moorhead, a mother of four

A. Uniform has to be seen as something that is earned.

B. School uniform is also a great tool to prevent bullying.

C. Some students complain that school uniform is monotonous.

D. In my experience, uniform helps schools maintain authority.

E. However, a school should not rely heavily on uniform regulation.

F. Learning to fit in is one of the things being at school that teaches our children.

【答案】47. B 48. A 49. E 50. F

【解析】

本文为新闻报道。在英国一名严厉的校长因违反校服规定将80名学生送回家后，《卫报》就穿校服的必要性展开了讨论。

【47题详解】

根据下文“If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing(如果每个人都穿同样的衣服，就不可能拿别人的衣服开玩笑了)”可知，每个人穿同样的衣服就不会因为着装不同而受到嘲笑，因此校服也是防止校园欺凌的好工具。故选项B.School uniform is also a great tool to prevent bullying.（校服也是防止欺凌的好工具）符合语境，故选B。

【48题详解】

根据下文“So, make them earn it! If they let the s chool down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. (让他们自己去挣得吧!如果他们让学校失望了，他们不应允许穿它)”可知，校服必须被看作是一种努力得来的东西。故选项A.Uniform has to be seen as something that is earned.（校服必须被看作是一种努力得来的东西）符合语境。故选A。

【49题详解】

根据上文“Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students”可知，校服对于培养学生的自豪感和对学校认同感很重要，再根据下文“Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority(教学生如何自信地表达自己，而不是（限制）他们领带的长度，应该是最重要的)”