动词不定式的主动形式与被动形式

动词不定式的主动形式与被动形式

The house is to be let .

There's a lot of work to do/ to be done .意思相同

There's nothing to do .无事可做

Ther's nothing to be done .没有办法

有些表示意愿、能力、可能性或倾向的形容词：apt , eager , certain , hesitant , liable , likely , reluctant , sure ,welcome 等，其后的动词不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

This boy is apt to learn .

We are certain to win the game .

You are welcome to use my bicycle .

但是有些形容词，如fit , free , ready , available , sufficient ,其后的主动形式的动词不定式，既可表达主动意义，又可表达被动意义。

They are ready to take arms .

The food is ready to eat .

He is physically fit to be an airman .

The dried grain is fit to store ( to be stored ).

The rain was not sufficient to do any harm .

Is there ayone available to replace her ?

These cups are available to use( to be used).

They are not fit to eat=They are not fit to be eaten .

I canpt go out in these clothes I'm not fit to be seen .

I've got letters to write tonight .

如果句子的主语是动词不定式所表示动作的施动者，则大都采用动词不定式的主动形式来作名词的后置修饰语：

You need something to eat .

He had nothing to say against Joe .

I want a book to read .

I asked her if she had any rooms to let .

There being nothing else to do , we went home .

当动词不定式的施动者并非是句子的主语时，则两种结构都是可以使用的，而且在语意上并没有什么区别：

The best thing to do / to be done is as follows ...

Give me a list of the people to invite / to be invited .

这一点在存在句型中表现得尤为明显:

There were many things to be done .

There is only one thing to do / to be done .

There is nothing to fear / to be feared .

There is a lot to do / to be done .

There was no light to be seen anywhere , and only a few dim stars were shining overhead .

The buscuit walked to the window , and looked out . There was nothing to see , but he remained there , looking , for some considerable time .

He is the man to choose / to be chosen .

The food was still high to be reached .

How about movies tonight ? I'm sorry but I have too much homework to do .