高考能力急救箱高中英语常用词语辨析g

game, sports, match

game指“游戏”,“运动”,“比赛”,户内进行。侧重于指球类比赛,美国人常用game,英国人则用match,一般指个人与个人之间的竞技。如:

We’ll go to see the football game (match) tomorrow. 明天我们去看足球赛。

Let’s play a game of chess! 我们下盘棋吧!

game的复数形式一般指大型运动会。如:

the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会

sports指各种运动或户外消遣,作复数用时,指运动会。如:

He likes sports, not music. 他喜欢体育,不喜欢音乐。

Fishing and hunting are his favourite sports. 钓鱼打猎是他特别喜欢的运动。

There is going to be a sports meet next week. 下周要开运动会。

gather, collect

gather指一点一滴地“聚集”,“收集”,“采集”。如:

The villagers gathered to welcome us. 村民们聚集在一起欢迎我们。

Please gather me some flowers. 请给我采些花来。

collect“收集”,“搜集”。它含有“精心挑选并加以整理”之意。如:

He has collected enough materials for his subject. 他为他的题目搜集了足够的材料。

The landlord collected rent from his tenants. 地主向佃户们收租。

get on, get on with

get on表示“进展,进行”意义时,是不及物动词词组;get on还有其他的意思,如:“上(车、马)”等,这时为及物动词词组。如:

How are you getting on? 你过得怎么样?

He got on the train. 他登上火车。

get on with表示“进展,进行”时,是及物动词词组,后跟名词或代词。如:

How are you getting on with your work recently? 近来你的工作进展怎么样?

get on with还有“与……相处”的意思。如:

She gets on well with her classmates. 她和同学们相处很好。

get sb. to do, get sb. doing, get sth. done

前两个结构中的不定式to do及分词doing与宾语sb.间为主动关系,后一结构中的过去分词done 与宾语sth.间为被动关系。

get sb. to do有“使某人做某事”之意,而get sb. doing是指“使……到达动作的某一点”。如:

Be sure to get Mr. Smith to come. 务必让史密斯先生来。

You should get your friend to help you. 你应该让你的朋友帮你。

We got him talking about his war experiences. 我们使他谈谈战争经历。

I’ll get the car going. 我要让汽车发动起来。

get sth. done表示请别人干某事,意为“使某事被做”,有时主语也参与该动作或表示主语的经历。如:

Go and get your hair cut. 去理理发。

I’d like to get it settled today while we are at it. 既然我们已经在处理这件事,我希望今天就能解决。

Tom got his wallet stolen on the bus. 汤姆在公共汽车上钱包被偷了。

go on, go on doing, go on to do, go on with

go on有许多意思,表示“继续”的意思时,是不及物动词词组。如:

The war went on till 1918. 战争一直继续到1918年。

go on doing表示暂停后继续做原事,它可表示“一直做某事”或“不断做某事”,这时可与keep on doing互换。如:

After a short break he went on writing the letter. 休息了一会,他继续写那封信。

go on to do是表示“完成某事后,接着做另一件事”。如:

After they had finished Lesson One, they went on to learn Lesson Two. 学完第一课后,他们接着学第二课。

go on with后接名词或代词,表示“继续”等等,可与go on doing互换,但必须注意用法上的区别。如:

After a short break he went on with his story. (=After a short break he went on telling his story.) 休息了一会后,他继续讲故事。

Go on with your work. (=Go on doing your work.) 继续你的工作。

gift, present

两个名词都可作“礼物”讲,present常指亲友之间互赠的礼品。如:

We bought a wedding present for Betty. 我们给贝蒂买了一份结婚礼物。

注:在make sb. a present of sth.(把某物赠送某人)这一固定搭配中不能用gift代替。

gift常指郑重其事地赠与或奉献给他人的较贵重的礼品。gift更为正式些。如:

These clothes are their gifts to the people of the disaster-ridden areas. 这些衣物是他们捐赠给灾区人民的。

注:有时present和gift可以互换。如:

On his birthday, Tom received a lot of presents/gifts. 生日那天,汤姆收到了许多礼物。

give off, give out

二者表示“发出”的意思时,可以换用。但give off还有“长出(分枝)”的意思,而give out还有“分发,耗尽,发表”的意思。如:

The gas gave off a terrible smell. 这种气体散发出一种难闻的气味。

The big tree gives off some new branches. 那棵大树发出一些新枝。

The leaves gave out a whirring sound. 树叶发出沙沙声。

The water supply at last gave out. 水的供应终于断绝了。

give in, give up

两个短语动词均有“投降,认输”的意思,是不及物动词词组,有时可互换。如:

Don’t give up/in. You may still succeed. 不要泄气,你还有成功的可能。

give in还有“让步,屈服”之意,后接宾语时,与介词to连用。如:

No matter how hard the struggle is, he will never give in. 不管斗争多么艰苦,他决不屈服。

He has given in to my views. 他已接受了我的观点。

give up还有“放弃”之意,可用作及物或不及物动词;作及物动词用时,后接动名词、名词等。如:

I can’t answer the puzzle; I give up. 我不能回答那个问题,放弃了。

My father gave up smoking. 我父亲戒烟了。

give, offer, present

以上三词均为及物动词,意为“给,送给”。

give为常用语,表示一般意义的“给,赠”。如:

Give me the letters. 请把这些信给我。

All the books are given away free. 所有的书都免费赠送了。

offer表示主动提供、给予,不可接名词从句作宾语,不与to give连用以避免意思重复。如:

He kindly offered to show us around. 他主动提出带我们到处看看。

I’ll offer to go if nobody will. 如果没有人愿意去的话,我很乐意去。

He offered his help. 他主动提出帮忙。

present指通过正式手续或仪式“向某人赠送某物”,所赠之物常是有价值的。句型为:

present sth. to sb.和present sb. with sth. 如:

He presented me with a book of poems. =He presented a book of poems to me. 他送我一本诗集。

He presented his library to the school. 他把自己的藏书捐赠给学校了。

glare at, stare at, gaze at

三者都有“看”的意思,但用法不同。glare at是“怒视”的意思,表示凶狠或恐吓地注视,强调敌对或威胁的态度。如:

They stood glaring at each other. 他们站着互相怒目而视。

stare at是“盯,凝视”的意思,表示由于惊奇、羡慕或恐惧而张大眼睛、目不转睛地注视。如:

It’s bad manners to stare at other people. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。

gaze at是“注视,凝视”的意思,指较稳定地盯住看,集中注意力地看。如:

What are you gazing at? 你在注视什么?

Mary gazed at her sister from the door. 玛丽从门口注视着她妹妹。

go and do, go to do, go doing

go and do是口语中的惯用法,它可用go to do代替;go to do是按语法形式构成的一种结构,其中go to do表示目的,它可代替go and do的一切用法。如:

Let’s go and see what happened to her. 我们去看看她发生了什么事。

He decided to go to get some medicine for his cough. 他决定买一些治咳嗽的药。

go doing也是一种口头惯用法。go doing大都表示体育娱乐活动或在特定场合进行短时间的活动(go shooting/hunting/swimming/boating/shopping/skating等)。如:

I’ll go swimming in the sea tomorrow. 明天我去海里游泳。

go out, put out

二者都有“熄灭”的意思,但用法有区别。go out是不及物动词词组,表示自行“熄灭”。如:

Put more wood on the fire, or it will go out. 再加点柴,否则火就会熄灭了。

put out是及物动词词组,表示“熄灭、扑灭”灯、火的意思。如:

Tell the children to put out the fire. 叫孩子们把火熄灭。

go to sea, go to the sea

go to sea意为“当水手,去航海”;go to the sea意为“去海上,去海边”。如:

As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea. 孩提时,他的最大志向就是去航海。

Mr. Smith went to the sea for vacation a few days ago. 史密斯先生几天前去海滨度假了。

Let’s go to the sea for a picnic. 咱们去海边野餐吧。

gold, golden

gold作adj. 意为“金子的”,“含金的”,“金(制)的”。指含有金子、像金子或由金子做成的。没有比较级,只能出现在被修饰的名词前。如:

He once worked in a gold mine. 他曾在一个金矿工作过。

Mrs. Smith bought a gold watch. 史密斯太太买了一块金表。

golden“金黄色的”,“黄金般的”。一般指外表象金子或具有金子的光泽。有比较级。该词用于转意时,含有“宝贵”的意思。如:

Overhead, he saw great golden stars. 在头顶上空,他看到一颗颗金色的大星星。

In early June, you’ll see vast stretches of golden wheat everywhere on the North China Plain. 六月初,在华北大平原上到处可以看到一望无际的金黄色的麦子。

good, well

二者都可作形容词,都有“好”的意思,但用法不同。good既可作定语,又可作表语,其反义词是bad。如:

good news 好消息

Games are good for health. 游戏对于健康有益。

This egg is quite good. 这鸡蛋很新鲜。

well指“身体好”,“情况好”,只作表语,其反意词是ill。如:

—How are you? 你(身体)好吗?

—I’m very well. 很好。

well还可作副词,意思是“良好地”,“恰好地”,反意词是badly。如:

She speaks English very well. 她英语说得很好。

grab, grasp, seize, snatch

这几个词都可作“抓住”解,但略有不同。

1)grab表示以满有把握的动作抓住某物,有时很匆忙和粗鲁。如:

He grabbed her arm and pulled her out of the path. 他一把抓住她的胳膊,把她拉离汽车道。

2)grasp表示牢牢抓住。如:

Grasp this rope, and I’ll pull you up. 牢牢地抓住这根绳子,我会把你拉上来。

3)seize表示突然抓住,不使逃脱。如:

He seized the reins of the running away horse. 他抓住了那匹逃脱了的马的缰绳。

4)snatch是“攫取”、“抓住”的意思,表示以迅速的拉扯动作出其不意地抓取。如:

The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷抢了她的手提包就跑了。

grade, mark

grade常指等级、阶级及程度,也可指学校中的年级,在美国还可用来表示分数级(如A,B)。如:

Which grade are you in? 你在哪个年级?

He always got good grades. 他总是得好成绩。

Only the highest grade of goods are sold here. 这里只出售最高等级的商品。

mark通常指“记号,痕迹”,用作复数时,可为“分数,成绩”。如:

The horse has a white mark on one of its legs. 那匹马的一条腿上有一白色标记。

She got such nice marks in school. 她在学校取得了这样优异的成绩。

The student received passing marks in all subjects. 那位学生所有的科目都及格了。

grow, plant, sow

三上动词均为及物动词,意为“栽种,播种”。

grow指栽培树木、水果、庄稼等,作不及物动词用时,指“生长”。如:

We have grown a lot of flowers this summer. 今年夏天我们种了许多花。

They grow three crops of rice a year in the south. 在南方他们每年种三季水稻。

plant指把种子或秧苗植入土壤,使其生长。如:

Don’t plant flowers before mid-April. 四月中旬以前不要栽花。

Trees are planted on the hillside. 山坡上种了一些树。

sow指播种,把种子撒播在地里。如:

The farmers sowed the field with wheat. 农民们在地里种了小麦。

guess, imagine, suppose

以上三个动词都有“猜想,假设,推测”的含义。区别如下:

guess多指说话人的看法,含“瞎猜”的意味。如:

From his appearance I should guess his age at forty. 从外貌看来,我猜他有40岁。

Just guess what is in the box. 猜猜看这个箱子里有什么东西。

imagine指创造性地或仔细地“设想,想象”,强调在人们感受什么作用。如:

I imagine that you are tired. 我猜想你累了。

How can I imagine you lived such a hard life? 我怎能想象出你过这么艰苦的生活?

suppose指为了证明或说明某论据的正确所做出的假定、设想及自己的看法。如:

Suppose the book is wrong, what then? 假定这本书是错的,那又怎么样?

Do you suppose it is going to rain tomorrow? 你看明天会下雨吗?

注:I suppose so表示一种不干脆的赞同,其否定式为:I suppose not或I don’t suppose so意为“我看不见得”。

guide, lead, conduct

guide表示陪伴同行以引导其达到目的地之义;lead强调去往前面带路,带头。如:

He guided us through the forest. 他引我们穿过树林。

As a teacher, we must guide the students in their studies patiently. 作为教师,我们必须耐心地指导学生学习。

He leads us to the Museum of Chinese History. 他带我们去中国历史博物馆。

Our Party leads us in building socialism. 我们的党领导我们建设社会主义。

conduct指“引导,向导”;还有“指挥”等意。如:

The experiment was carefully conducted. 实验做得仔细谨慎。

That person conducted me to my seat. 那人把我带到我的座位处。

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