八年级下册英语总复习

Unit 1

Will people have robots?

I.词汇

more，less，fewer

I don’t agree. = I disagree.

I agree (with you)

in five years on compute

on paper besides

on vacation many different kinds

a gold fish no more be free

live in as a reporter free time

fall in love with like doing sth

keep a parrot look smart

be able to do…. Are you kidding?

II. Grammar:

·一般将来时

·there will be ·few，a few，little，a little，much，many

语法小结：

一、一般将来时

1．用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go，come，leave，arrive，start，fly等，也可用于其他动作动词。

We are having fish for dinner.

We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.

2．用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示―意图‖，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。

Are you going to post that letter?

How long is he going to stay here?

I am going to book a ticket.

另一意义是表示―预见‖，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。

It’s going to rain.

George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.

3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。

You will feel better after taking this medicine.

Do you think it will rain?

二是表示意图，意愿

I will not lend the book to you.

Take it easy，I will not do it any longer.

二、There be结构

1. there be结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。

There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。

There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。

2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正

的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换

be的单复数形式。

如：There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。How many people are there in the city?

这个城市里有多少人口？

There is a pen and two books on the desk.

课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。

There are two books and a pen on the desk.

课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。

三、课文难句解析

1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？

1) money 金钱；货币

eg．What's the money? 价钱是多少?

paper money 纸币；钞票

2) in 100 years 在100年之后

―in+一段时间‖常用在将来时态中

eg．I'll come in an hour. 我一小时后来。

I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。

2. There will be less leisure time．空闲时间会更少。

1) less形容词：较少的(是little的比较级)，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。

eg．Jane's less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。

Five is less than six．5比6少。

2) leisure time =spare time空闲时间

eg．What do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？

3. I think there will be more pollution．我认为将会有更多的污染产生。

1) think后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时，结构为―there will be+物+其他成分‖。

eg．I think it will rain tomorrow.

我认为明天会下雨。

I think there will be fewer trees.

我认为将来树木会更少。

2) pollution表示―污染‖，用作不可数名词。

例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution．他们采取大量措施制止水污染。

4. I don't agree．我不同意。

agree在本句中作动词，I don't agree．是一句交际用语，表示―不赞成某人或某人的观点‖，如果表赞成，则为I agree。

1) 表示―同意某人意见‖时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。

eg．Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?

I don't agree with what she said我不同意她所说的。

2) 表示―同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)‖时，用agree to(to在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。eg．I agree to your idea．我同意你的想法。

My plan was agreed to by all of them．

他们所有的人都同意我的计划。

3) 表示―就……取得一致意见‖用agree on(或upon)，指―两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议‖。eg．They both agreed on the date for the meeting．

他们双方都同意开会的日期。

4) agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示―同意做某事‖。

eg．They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon．

他们同意明天下午动身。

5. What do you think Sally will be in five years?

你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子?

此句中的do you think是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。

eg．Which book do you think she will like?

你认为她会喜欢哪本书?

Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?

6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜欢上了这座城市。

1) go表示―去‖，过去式是went，―go to+地名‖表示―到某地去‖。

eg．When will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？

He will go to the factory tomorrow．

他明天要去那所工厂。

如果go后面接副词，不用to。

eg．He went home at before six yesterday evening．

他昨天晚上6点前回家的。

2) last year意为―去年‖，用于一般过去时态中。eg．He went to London last year．去年他去了伦敦。

3) love爱，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with 是―喜爱；爱上；与……相恋‖的意思。

eg．He went to Harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。

7. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们

1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示―因为‖。注意在英语中because不能和so同时使用。

eg．John didn't go to school because he was ill.

约翰没有上学，因为他病了。

2) hate表示―不喜欢，憎恨‖，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示―讨厌做某事‖。

eg．He hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。

I hate swimming in the lake.

我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。

8. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。

1)go doing sth. 结构，表示―去做……

go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳

go shopping去买东西go

fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船

eg．My father goes fishing every week．我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。

I like going skating．我喜欢去滑冰。

2) every day与everyday区别：every day表示―每天‖，通常与一般现在时连用；而everyday表示―日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的‖，是形容词。例如：eg．I get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。

He wears everyday clothes today．

今天他穿一身便服。

9. During the week I’ll look smart，and probably will wear a suit．

在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套装。

1) during表示―在……期间‖，during the week是介词短语，意为―在工作日里‖。

eg．The sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。

He fell asleep during the lesson.

他在上课时睡着了。

2) look表示―看上去‖，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。

You look very beautiful today.

今天你看上去很漂亮。

3) wear表示―穿‖，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。

eg．We wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。

put on是―穿上‖，―戴上‖的意思，强调动作。

eg．She put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。

注意：put on是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。

他整天戴着草帽。误：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day.

10. I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation．我会去香港度假。

on vacation意为―在度假‖，on表示―处于……状态中‖。

eg．He will go to Hangzhou on vacation．他要到杭州度假。

11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?

1) What's the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于How is the weather？What be … like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是―……怎么样?‖ 类似的说法还有What do you think of…? How do you like…?等句型。

eg．What is the book like? ＝What do you think of the book?

＝How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?

What's the weather like today?＝How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

2) What is／are…1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。

eg．What's the weather like today?

今天天气怎么样?

What's the young girl like?

那个年轻女孩长什么样?

What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?

12. There were many famous predictions that never came true．(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测

1) 本句中that never came true是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。

2) come true指―理想，梦想等实现‖。come是连系动词；true是形容词，做连系动词come的表语。

eg．My dream will come true someday.

有一天我的梦想会实现。

Her dream to go to university has come true．她上大学的愿望实现了。

Unit 2What should I do?

【单元目标】

1．单词与短语loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset 1.want sb. to do sth. 2.play one’s stereo3 stay at home 4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb.

5.be out of style

6.write sb a letter/write to

7.talk about8.on the phone9.surprise sb.

10.pay for11.get a part-time job12.borrow sth. from sb.13.ask sb. for…14.have a bake sale 15.find out16.be upset17. call… up18.the same as 19.get on well with sb. 20.return sth.21.have a fight with sb. 22.from…to… 23.drop off24.prepare for

25.after-school clubs 26.be used to27.fill up28.take the middle road

2．目标句型：1. What should I do? 2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could … 4. You s hould… 5. You shouldn’t…

3．语法情态动词的用法Ⅰ

【重难点分析】情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ* 情态动词情态动词和动词原形连用* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

一、九大情态动词的时态关系：

1. can -- could

2. may -- might

3. shall -- should

4. will -- would

5. must -- 过去式must（常用had to代替）

二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”

（1）can 和could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：

1. He can't be at home. (否定句) 他不可能在家。

2. Can the news be true? (疑问句)这消息可能是真的吗?

3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。

（2）may 和might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。

2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。

3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。

高分突破：can 多用于否定句和疑问句中肯定句中多用may

（3）must 用于表示“一定”，“必定”：

1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。

2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。

Must表示推测时用于肯定句中否定句中用can’t

三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”

（1）can 和could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：

1. Can I go with you? 我能跟你一起去吗？

2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。

3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用could 比can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？

（2）will 和would 用于表示“请求”

1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?

请问到邮局怎么走？

2. Would you give me your address? ( would 更客气)

请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？

（3）shall 和should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见

1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？

2. What should we do next? (用should 比shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？

（4）may 和might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can )

1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可)

你可以散散步。

2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。

3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？

4. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止) 学生不得在图书馆里

吵闹。

5. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)

你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。

（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：

1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。

2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比may not 更强)

你们不准在池里钓鱼。

四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)

1．argue v．争论；争吵 argue with sb．与某人吵架

I argued with my best friend．我和我的好

朋友吵架了。

2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也

He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。

② too 也（用于肯定句末）=as well

I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。

3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……

Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work．别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。

If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。

Ask sb to do sth

4．the same as... 与……相同

Tom is the same age as Anna．＝ Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。

Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。

5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）My class has been invited except me．＝ Only I haven't been invited．

除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。

besides 除……以外（包括在内）

We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外，我们也都去了。

6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的

Is there anything wrong with you?

你哪儿不舒服？

─ What's wrong with you?

你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)

─ I've got a headache．我头痛。

adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地

He answered wrong．他答错了。

They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。

7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽

We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。

8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架

I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin．我不想和我的堂兄打架。

They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.

他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。

五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures) What should I do? You could write him a letter．

What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him

What should they do? They shouldn't argue．

六、词语辨析

1. borrow sth. from sb.从某人处借进某物

例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.

lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物（往外）借给别人用

例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？

2. ①get sb. to do…使……做（以人为对象时，有“说服……使做……”的含义）

He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。

You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。

②ask sb. to do…邀请（人）做……

We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会

③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事例如：

The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。

3、be in style 时髦的，流行的 =be in fashion be out of style 过时的，不时髦的 =be out of fashion

例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。

Those clothes are out of style.

那些衣服过时了。

七、课文解释

1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。

surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊

eg. My friend always surprises me.

2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流

eg. Call Jim on the phone.

找吉姆听电话。

Lily, you are wanted on the phone.

莉莉，你的电话

3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话

He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话

=He gave me a call from New York.

4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb.=write to sb 给某人写信

5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券

eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。

6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。

eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。

7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出

You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。

8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.

除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）

else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”或特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用,意思是“别的”eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面

9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。

此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think 的宾语应用陈述语序。

10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。

此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what

I should do.”

11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。

此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”

12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。

Leave sth. +介词短语，是“把……忘在，落在（某处）的意思。

eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.

他把伞忘在公交车上。

13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。

Try to do…努力做，试着做，尽量做

而try not to do 是尽量不做……

eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。

14、Their school days are busy enough. 他

们的学校生活是够忙的。

enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的”

eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。

15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的

压力下

16、see other children doing a lot of

things 看别的孩子在做许多事

see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事

eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球

17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）

很难

He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

【单元目标】

1．单词与短语

well, buy, cut, land, while, experience, strange,

around, follow, climb, shout, run, anywhere,

happen, accident, modern, bright, silence,

destroy, meaning, souvenir

1.get out (of)

2.in front of / in the front of

3.take off

4.buy for

https://www.360docs.net/doc/eb15722356.html,nd on

6. shout to / at

7.run away

https://www.360docs.net/doc/eb15722356.html,e in

9.hear about 10.the Museum of Flight

11.happen to12.stop doing13.take place

14.as... as

2．目标句型：

1. What were you doing when...?

2. I was doing sth. when...

3. How about... / What about...?

4. What happened next?

5. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I did...

3．语法

1. 过去进行时

2. 情态动词的用法Ⅱ

【重难点分析】

一. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.

昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

1.常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last

night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如：What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday?

昨天晚上七点你在干什么？

I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲

门时我正在做饭。

2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：

When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While

I was walking past the car it exploded.

3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：

I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。

4. when作并列连词，表示―（这时）突然‖之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：

I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。

5 while 表示对比翻译成“而”例如：

My mother was cooking while I was watching TV.

二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅱ

（1）shall 和should 用于提出建议

例如：Shall we play basketball.

You should lie down and rest.

（2）must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”：

①. You must keep the place clean. (务必)

你务必保持地方干净。

②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务)

我们必须服从命令。

③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用needn't 或don't have to)

我现在就得付款吗？

5、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”

（1）will 和would 用于表示某种意图：

①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。

②. Will/would you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗？

（2）shall 和should 用于表示说话人的意图：

①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用will not)

如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。

②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称) 我不打算和你一同走。

6、情态动词表示“意愿”

（1）will 和would ：

①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她，她会做的。

②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用would 比will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗？

③. Will you have some cookies?

你想吃些烤饼吗？

三. 重点词汇

1．cut v．切；剪；割

cut (one’s)hair理发

Be careful．Don't cut yourself．

小心，别切到自己。

2．alien n．外星人

Nobody knows whether there are aliens or not．没人知道到底有没有外星人。

3．land v．登岸；登陆；降落

A UFO landed in the middle of the field.. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。

4．while conj．当……的时候；在……之时

While I danced, she sang．我跳舞，她唱歌。While he was singing, I was playing baseball.

他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。

5．right adv．正好；恰好

He lives right in the center of the city.

他恰好住在市中心。

6．surprised adj．惊奇的；吃惊的

I was surprised that he was late for the party．

我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。

7．kid v．欺骗；哄骗

I'm not kidding you．我没有骗你。

You’re kidding = No kidding.别开玩笑了。

8．anywhere adv．到处；无论哪里（用于否定句和一般疑问句中）

Did you go anywhere yesterday?

你昨天去没去过什么地方?

They didn’t go anywhere the day before yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去

9．happen v．发生

A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday．昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。

sth. happen to +名词发生于……身上

What happened to him on that day?

那天他怎么了？（发生了什么事？）

10．get out of 从……出去

She tried to get out of helping her mother．

她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。

Tom got out of the lift and walked to the station. 汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。

11．run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走

The thief ran away when someone noticed him．当有人注意到他的时候，那个贼立刻逃走了。

12．at the doctor's 在诊所；在医院

I'm thinking of going to the tailor's．在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式。

Mr. Cool’s = Mr. Cool’s clothes store

at Jason’s = at Jason’s store

She is staying at Mary's．她住在玛莉家。

I want to go to the tailor’s.

我想到裁缝店去一趟。

四．词语辨析

1、in front of 与in the front of

in the front of 在……的前面（表示―有距离的前面‖，在一个参照物的前面）

e.g.: There is a car in front of the house.

房子前日面有一辆车

in the front of 在……的前部（在一个范围内的前面部位）

eg. She sat in the front of the bus.

她坐在公交车的前排

2、get out of 与get into 是反义词

get into走进，进入=enter

eg. He get out of the car and get into the building.

3、be amazing与be amazed

be amazing 令人惊奇的（修饰事物的，指某事令人惊奇，比surprising更具意外性

e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。

be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)（某人）对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语)

eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news.

我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶.

4、be surprising与 be surprised

be surprising令人惊奇的（用法与be amazing

一样，也是修饰事物的）

e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇的结局

be surprised (at sth./to do…/that从句) （某人）对…(因…而)感到惊奇，用法与be surprised

一样，也是人作主语。

eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt

in the audient. 他们很吃惊他在那次事故中伤得很重。

5、in a tree与 on a tree

eg. Are there any birds in the tree?

树上有些鸟吗？

on a tree 在树上（指长在树上的东西）

Look! There are many apples on the tree.

6、my flight to New York 与 fly to New York

前者是一个名词短语，后者是一个动词短语。

eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2 p.m.

She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m.

五.课文解释：

1. You can imagine how strange it was!你可以想象这事有多惊奇！

eg. You can imagine how fast he runs!

2. I followed it to see where it was going

follow sb. to do sth. 跟随…去做…

eg. Mr White followed his wife to see what was happening there.

3. She didn’t think about looking outside the station.

Think about (doing) sth.=consider 她未想到

去车站外看看.

4. say to sb. 对某人讲say to oneself 自言自语

e.g.: He said to himself, ―Don’t be afraid.‖ 他自言自语,―不要害怕‖

5. look for 寻找（强调找的“过程”）find 找到（强调找的―结果‖）

eg. He looked for his lost key everywhere but couldn’t find it.

6. It was difficult to get out of bed. 从床爬起

来很难。

It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。

He found that it was difficult to learn physics well.

7. be killed 被杀害be destroyed by…被……摧毁……

8. walk home together in silence 沉默着一起

走回家

in silence 状语（状态）=silently

9. Not all events in history are as terrible as this.

并不是所有的历史上的大事件都像此事这样可怕。

Not all 并不是所有的（部分否定）

As…as…与……一样(as与as之间用形容词、副词的原级,做题时需判断用形容词还是副词)

10. become the first Chinese astronaut in space. 成为中国首位进入太空的宇航员

11. His flight around the Earth Lasted about 22 hours. 他的环绕地球的飞行持续了22个小时。

12. Do you think sth. good can come out of sth. terrible? 你认为坏事能变为好事吗？

Unit 4He said I was hard-working

【单元目标】

1．单词与短语

ever mad anymore snack message suppose hard-working nervous semester true disappointing lucky copy hers decision

start influence peace border

danger

first of all 首先

pass on 传递

be supposed to 被期望或被要求... ...

do better in 在......方面做得更好

be in good health 身体健康

report card 成绩单

get over克服；恢复；原谅

open up 打开

care for照料；照顾

have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会

be mad at sb

2．目标句型：

转述他人话语

What did sb. say?

He said I …

She said she…

They said…

3．语法

直接引语和间接引语（不做考试要求）

【词汇学习】

1．mad adj．极为愤怒的；十分恼火的

She was mad at me for losing my keys．她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。

2．anymore adv．再；还（用于否定句）

He doesn't come here anymore．他再也不到这儿来了。

3．however adv．无论如何

He can answer the question however hard it is．不管问题有多难他都能回答。

4．suppose v．假定；认为；料想；期望

What do you suppose you will do after school?

你放学后想干什么?

5．nervous adj．紧张的；神经质的

I felt very nervous when I went into his office．

当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。

6．semester n．一学期；半年=term

We will have ten subjects in this semester．

这个学期我们将学十门功课。

7．disappointing adj．令人失望的

Maybe this news is disappointing ．也许这是一个令人失望的消息。

8．be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该

You are supposed to be successful你应该成功。

9．get mad 变疯；变得着迷

She gets mad about going to dance．

她对跳舞着了迷。

10．get over 恢复，克服困难

Can we get over this difficulty?

我们能克服这个困难吗?

【重点句型分析】

1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？

you know是定语从句，修饰前日面的名词soap operas

2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？

That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something.

3. Lana said she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore. 拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。

be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火

be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火

eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours.

（此处的got mad at = was mad at）

not… anymore不再……

eg. She didn’t cry anymore.她不再哭了。

4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一

些书

bring sth. to 从（远处）带来，拿来（到近处）而其反义词为：take… to―从（近处）拿（走）到（远处）

eg. Could you bring some water to me?

Please take t he chair to Jim’s room.

5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人

pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人

eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.

6.You want to know why C didn’t return it and where it is.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。

7．You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it.

你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。

be supposed to do …被期望，应该(做……)

eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。

【课文解析】

1. In English, I’m better at reading than listening.

在英语方面，我的阅读比听力更好。

be better at doing (than doing)是be good at ……的比较级，意思为―更擅长……‖

eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball?

2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。

better 是well的比较级

do well in 在…方面做得好eg. Does she do well in physics?

3. I finished my end –of –year exams last week.

我上周结束了期末考试。

finish sth. (doing sth.) eg. Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed?

4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。

5. It’s not right to copy other’s homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。

请记住这一句型：It’s right for sb to do …

It’s right for sb to do…

6. I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework.

我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。

注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性

注意2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同

7. She said it was much better if she din her own work.

她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。

much +比较级，意思是―…得多‖

e.g. He runs much faster than I.

8. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you. 在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事。

此句中may+ 动词原形，表示―可能……‖

sound like +名词，意思为―听起来像……‖

9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in China’s rural areas.

每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教书。

send …to …派，送…到…

10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea level. 她的村庄位于海拔2千米。

11. the thin air made her feel sick 稀薄的空气使她病了

make sb. do 使某人干某事（此处只能用动词原形，不能+to）

12.They love heaving volunteer teachers there. 他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们。

love doing (to do)

13.There often isn’t money for education.经常

没有钱来受教育。

14. I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world.

我能开阔学生们的视野，把他们带到外部世界。

15. give them a good start in life 给他们一个生活的新起点

give sb. sth.给某人某物

16. She said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.

她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一个好的影响。

17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a volunteer very much. 杨蕾很愿意做一个志愿者。

18. care for ―Mother Earth‖关心―地球母亲‖

19. care for wild animals in danger 关心处于危

险中的野生动物

20. I can’t do anything about that. 我对于那件事无能为力。

【词语辨析】

1. hard working 与work hard

前者是形容词，可作表语、定语；如：a

hard-working student ; He is hard-working.

后者是一个动词短语，―努力工作‖hard 是副词，修饰动作work.

eg. Alice works hard.

2. forget to do 与forget doing…

前者是―忘记做……‖(to do 表示将来的动作)

e.g. Don’t forget to call me.别忘了打电话给我。

She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。

后者是―忘记曾做……‖(通常与will, shall, never 连用)

eg. I’ll never forget seeing the musical in New York.我永远忘不了在纽约看过的那出歌舞喜剧。

Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!

【单元目标】

Ⅰ．单词与短语

Late sorry organi professional against chance injured consequence explain improve

all the time 一直，始终 in order to 为了have a party 举行聚会 go to college上大学

be famous for 因…而著名 in fact 事实上laugh at嘲笑too much 太多get exercise 锻炼travel around the world 周游世界

work hard 努力工作 wear jeans 穿牛仔裤

get an education 获得教育

Ⅱ．Sentence structures：

1. If you do, you’ll…

2. I’m going to …

3. You should…

4. Don’t you want to …?

5. Don’t you think … ?

Ⅲ．语法小结

一. if条件句

1. if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。遵守“主将从现”的原则

If you leave now, you will never regret it.

If it rains tomorrow, I shan’t climb the hills.

高分突破：注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。

I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。

IV. 重点难点分析

1. too much 和 much too

too much 后接不可数名词，用来表示数量，意思是“……太多了”；much too后接形容词，用来说明程度，意思是“太…”如：

much too heavy 太重了（表程度）He has drunk too much water.

他喝了太多的水（修饰不可数名词，表数量）

2. be famous for 和 be famous as

be famous for表示“因……而出名”， for 后接表示出名的原因；be famous as则表示“以……身份而著名”，as 后接职业、身份或地位，表示作为……职业、身份或地位是著名的，如：

France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。

France is famous as a romantic country．

法国作为一个浪漫的国家而出名。

3. I want you to remember the rules for school parties.

我想让你记住参加学校聚会的规则。

want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事

4. travel around the world 周游世界

e.g. Her dream is to travel around China. 她的梦想是周游全中国。

5. If we have it today, half the class won’t come.

如果我们今天开聚会，全班有一半的同学将不来参加。won’t 是 will not 的缩写

if 从句用一般现在时，表示假设，主语用一般将来时。

6.reasons for becoming a professional athlete 赞同成为一名职业运动员的理由

for prep. （表示赞成、支持），其反义词为against

eg. Are you for his plan or against it?

你是赞成还是反对他的计划？

7.reasons against becoming a professional athlete 反对成为一名职业运动员的理由。

against prep. 反对，与…对抗

注意：介词后面用名词或动词ing的形式

eg. Are you against my plan? 你反对我的计划吗？

He is against going there.他反对去哪里。

8.begin the story with the words.以这些话开头讲这个故事。

begin … with…“以…开始（开头）”

eg. The word begins with “s”.

这个词以“s”开头。

9. consequence 后果、结果

eg. We should consider the consequences before doing.

10. have a great time 玩得高兴

11. take away 运走，取走

eg. Don't take it away. I'll use it. 不要将它拿走，我要用。

12. make a living 谋生 v eg.

He makes living as a driver. 他以开车谋生。

13. make money 挣钱

eg. After he became famous, he made lots of money.

14. let in 允许……进入，嵌入

eg. Don’t let the beggar in.

不要让那个乞丐进来。

Ⅴ.课文详解

1. For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.

对许多年青人来说，成为一名职业运动员可能似乎是一份理想的职业。

might (表示可能性，推测)

might do 或许，说不定（一般表示比may 较低的可能性）

eg. She might win the prize .她或许会获得那个奖。

The child might be home already.那孩子说不定已回家了。

seem like+ 名词好像…，似乎…

e.g. It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好几年不见了。

2. You'll be able to make a living doing something you love. 你能做你喜欢的事来谋生。

be able to +动词原形，“有能力做某事”

e.g. She is able to learn English well. 她能学好英语。

Doing something you love.做你喜爱的事。

you love 定语，修饰前面的something。

3. People all over the world will know you.全世界的人将会认识你。

all over the world 作定语，修饰它前面的名词people。

4. This is a great chance that many people do not have.

这是一个许多人所不能得到的难得的机会。

that many people do not have是一个定语从句，修饰它前面的chance。

great (表示程度，放在名词之前)非常的，异乎寻常的

eg. a great talk 健谈的人

She is a great friend of mine. 她是我非常要好的朋友。

5. Watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.一直看着你，你走到哪都跟着你。

all the time 一直

eg. Look! The monkeys are running and jumping all the time.看，猴子们一直在跑在跳。

everywhere 副词（adv.）到处

I've looked everywhere for it.为了找它，我到处找了个遍。

The dog followed him everywhere.无论在哪，那狗都跟着他。

6. get injured =be injured 受伤

injured (adj)

eg. He was badly injured in the accident.他在那次事故中受了重伤。

7. You'll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.

你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。

who your real friends are是一个宾语从句，它作knowing一词的宾语，这是一种“特殊疑问词+陈述语序的”宾语从句。又如：

Can you tell me how old he is? 你能告诉我他多大吗？

8.I can’t remember how to get to your house.我记不起来怎样去你家了。

这个不定式短语可以用宾语从句来替换如下：

I can’t remember how I can get to your house.

9.get enough exercise 得到充分的锻炼

exercise 名词，意为“锻炼”是为不可数名词，但是前面有morning和eye等词修饰时多用复数如： do morning exercises 意为“练习题”时为可数名词。

10.go back home 回到家，此句可以换成return home

11. laugh at you 嘲笑你 laugh at sib.嘲笑某人

E.g. Don’t laugh at a person who is in trouble.

我们不要嘲笑陷于困境的人。

12. How many aliens dye their hair brown? 多少外星人把他们的头发染成棕色？

dye v.把…着色，染色

She dyed her white skirt green.她把白色裙子染成绿色的。

Ⅵ.词语辨析

1.get to 与arrive

get to 与arrive均为“到达”之意。

①get to后面接名词，e.g. get to Shanghai/New York

但“到达这里/那里”则为get here/ get there。因为here和there为副词，所以它们前面不加to。

②arrive是不及物动词，它后面不能直接跟名词，必须与介词in/或at连用之后+名词。

e.g. They arrived at Jim’s house at

2p.m. （小地点之前用介词at）

When did they arrive in Beijing?

（大地点之前用介词in）

I didn’t know when he arrived.

我不知道他何时到达的。

此处arrived后面不需要宾语，故也不要加in 或at。

“到达这里/那里”则改为arrive here/ there “到家”则为”arrive home”，因为here, there, home均为副词，所以不加in/at。

2. join和take part in

join与take part in均为“参加”之意，是动词

①但join后面跟一个组织，政党，社团，团体等，“参加并成为其中一名成员”

eg. join the Party 入党

join the League入团

She wants to join the singing club.

另外，join sb. 是“参加到某人的行列”之意

eg. Won’t you join us in a tennis match? 你不想参加我们网球比赛吗？

He joined us for dinner. 他与我们共进晚餐。

②take part in （动词短语）指参加（某种活动）

eg. Are you going to take part in the discussion? 你要参加讨论吗？

He took part in the speech competition?

他参加了演讲比赛。

Did they take part in that meeting last Monday? 他们上周一参加那次会了吗？

Unit 6How long have you been collecting shells?

一.【单元目标】

Ⅰ．单词与短语

collect marathon skate pair since raise several stamp kite monster globe anyone store cake

particularly collector common extra topic capital thousand quite certain miss

in fact其实；实际上run out of用完；用尽

by the way顺便；附带说说be interested in 对……感兴趣more than 比……多make a list of 列清单thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事think of / about sth. 想起某事

Ⅱ．目标句型：

1. How long have you been doing…?

2. I’ve been doing…since…

3. How long did sb. do…?

4. He / She did sth. for…

5. What do you collect?

6. When did you start?

7. How many do you have?

8. What do you like to collect in the future?

9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?

Ⅲ．语法

现在完成进行时

二.【重难点分析】

1. 现在完成进行时

构成：

肯定句：主语+ have / has been + doing

否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?

现在完成进行时表达―某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去‖，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。

(1)I have been learning English for ten years. 我

学英语已经十年了。

(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？

(3)I haven’t been seeing films for a long time. 我

有很长时间没有看电影了。

（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）

2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：

(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如：

I have read a book about birds. （已经读完）

I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）

(2)两种时态都有延续性，但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。如：

She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一

整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）

三.【重点词汇】

1. since的用法：

(1)conj．

①(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从……以来；……以后eg．It was years since l had seen her．自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。

②(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然；因为eg．

Since he says so，it must be true．既然他这么说，那一定是真的。

(2)prep．自……以来eg．

I have lived here since childhood．自小我就住在这儿。

He hasn't been home sincel993．1993年以来他还没有回过家。

(3)构成短语：ever since从那以后(一直)

2. since，from和for

(1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如：

The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.

这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。

(2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在

或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。如：

Many things have happened since they came here．自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。

The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester．

老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。

(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。

如：

The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。I've known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。

3. favorite 作名词，指―最爱的物品‖，favorite也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。例如：My favorite food is dumpling．我最喜欢的食物是饺子。

4. stop表示“停止，结束，阻止”

The light turned red．I have to stop．红灯亮了，我不得不停下来。

(1)stop作名词，意为―车站，站点‖。例如：

I get off at the next bus stop．我在下一站下车。

(2)stop作动词，意为―停止‖，常用于stop doing sth.结构中，表示―停止做某事‖，指停止正在做的事。例如：

The students stop talking．学生停止了讲话。(动名词talking作宾语)

(3)stop to do sth. 则表示―停下来去做某事‖，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。

例如：

The students stop to talk．学生们停下来(开始)讲话。(不定式to talk作目的状语)

We should stop to have a rest．我们应该停下来休息一会儿。

(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 表示―叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事‖。

例如：

What can stop me(my)going? 有什么能阻

止我去呢?

Nothing shall stop us from studying．什么都不能阻止我们学习。

5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不”

I have to finish the work by myself．我不得不自己完成这项工作。

6. run out of… 意为“从……地方跑出来；用光……”

Class is over．The students run out of the classroom．下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出来。

四.【课文解析】

1. How long have you been in class today?

你今天上了多长时间的课？(或你在课堂多

长时间？)

(1)how long ―多长‖或―多长时间‖。对长度或时间段提问。

-- How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了?

-- For two years. 两年了。

(2)in class在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为out of class ―在课外‖。

We should read more books out of class. 我们在课外应该多读些书。

I have been in class for one hour. 我上了一个小时的课。

2. Alison was the first one to start．艾丽森是第一个开始(滑)的。

(1)―be the first / second…+n. + to do…‖表示―……是第一/ 二个做某事的‖。

She was the first one to get to the school．她是第一个到校的。

(2)to start在这里是动词不定式作定语。

3. I'd like to collect stamps because they are interesting．我喜欢集邮，因为它们特别有趣。

(1)would like to do表示―想要做某事‖。例如：

Would you like to come to join my birthday party? 你愿意来参加我的生日晚会吗?

(2)collect意为―收集，搜集‖，常用作及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。例如：

I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much．我非常喜欢收集各种中国邮票。

4．Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster．非常感谢您送我怪兽雪花球形玻璃器。

(1)thanks for…相当于thank you for…意为

―为……感谢你‖，后多跟名词短语或动名词。

例如：

Thanks for your last letter. 谢谢你的上封来信。

(2)send sb. Sth.相当于send sth. to sb. 表示―送给某人某物‖

He sent me a present for my birthday.

He sent a present to me for my birthday．我过生日他送了我一件礼物。

5. By the way，what's your hobby? 顺便提一下，你的个人爱好是什么?

(1)这是一个特殊疑问句的简单句，by the way在句中作插入语。介词短语by the way意思是―且说，顺便提一下，还有‖，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。

例如：

We shall expect you，by the way，dinner will be at eight．我们正在等着你，还有晚饭是八点开。

By the way，have you seen her lately?

顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗?

(2)名词hobby表示―爱好‖是可数名词。

例如：

Your hobby is reading．你的爱好是看书。

One of my hobbies is astronomy．

我的爱好之一是天文学。

6．It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries．它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。

(1)make使役动词―使；让‖，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带to，类似的还有let和have。eg．He made the students laugh．他把同学们逗笑了。The children must be made to clean their own room．必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。

Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper. 李大婶要留我们吃晚饭。

(2)think about考虑；回想，想起；认为eg．

think about a plan 考虑一项计划

I always think about her when it snows．每当下雪的时候，我总是想起她。

What do you think about the film last night?

你认为昨晚的电影怎么样?

He was thinking about the time he spent in the army．他正在回想他在部队度过的日子。

We need to think about the plan．我们需要考虑一下这个计划。

(3)介词between表示在二者之间

There is a fence between his garden and our garden．在他的花园和我们的花园之间有一道栅栏。

You're to sit between Moira and me．你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。

五.【词语辨析】

1. every和each

(1)each一定数目中的―每一个‖；―个别‖意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。

eg．Each one has his weakness．每人都有每人的弱点。

(2)every数目不确定的许多人或物中间的―每一个‖；―总合‖意义较重，表示―大家一致‖。

eg．Every one of us is here．我们都到了。

(3)each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every 只能作定语。

2. interest，interesting与interested

(1)interest作名词，意为―兴趣，趣味‖，用作动词时指―使(人)产生兴趣‖。

例如：He shows an interest in music他对音乐感兴趣。What you said interests me 你的话引起了我的兴趣。

(2)interesting作形容词，指―有趣的，引起兴趣的‖，可作表语或定语，指物或人本身能引起兴趣。例如：

The film is very interesting．电影非常有趣。

He is an interesting man．他是一个有趣的人。

(3)interested是由动词interest加-ed构成的形容词。意为―感兴趣的‖，其主语一般是人，常用于be

／get／become interested in结构中，表示―对……感兴趣‖。例如：

When he was only a child，he got interested in science．当他还是个孩子时，就对科学产生了兴趣。

3. how long，how often 与how soon

(1)how long 的意思是―有多长‖，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是more than two weeks 等表示一段时间的话。例如：

--How long are you going to stay here?你打算在这里待多久?

--Five days．5天。

--How long did he live in China?

他在中国住了多长时间?

--More than two years．两年多。

(2)how often的意思是―多长时间一次‖，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never，sometimes，quite often，usually，three times a year等表示频度的副词或短语。

例如：

--How often do you go to the library?

你多长时间去一次图书馆?

--Once a day．一天一次。

(3)how soon用来询问―需要多长时间能，过多久‖，谓语动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用in a week／month／year等。

例如：

--How soon can you finish the work?

你完成那项工作还要多久?

--May be in three days．大概3天后。

--How soon will he get here?他到这儿需要多久?

--In half an hour．半小时。

4. have to与must

have to与must都有―必须‖的意思，但有其不同之处：

(1)have to有时态和人称变化，带有客观因素，意思是―不得不‖；must无时态和人称变化，后面接不带to的不定式，带有主观因素，意思是―必须，一定‖。例如：

I have to go now．我必须得走了。

I must go．我得走了。

(2)must not表示―不许，一定不能‖；don't have to 表示―不必‖。例如：

You mustn't go now．你现在不许走。

You don't have to go so early．你不必走那么早。

(3)Must I…?的否定回答是No，you needn't．或No，you don't have to．例如：

--Must I stay here now?我必须留在这吗?

--NO，you needn't．／you don't have to．不，你不必。

5. fairly与rather

fairly与rather同义但用法不同：

fairly一般指(褒义的)理想的情形，rather一般指(贬义的)不太理想的情形。例如：

It is a fairly easy question．

这是一个相当容易的问题。(容易而适当)

It is a rather easy question．

这是一个相当容易的问题。(大容易了而不适当) Unit 7Would you mind turning down the music?

【单元目标】

Ⅰ．单词与短语

mind dish task clothing poster

solution annoy line return voice etiquette normal Asian Europe allow public impolite cough smoke sneeze criticize drop litter behave perhaps

polite uncomfortable

not at all 一点也不turn down 调小(收音机等)

right away 立刻；马上wait in line排队等候

cut in line插队keep down控制

at first首先break the rule不服从；不遵守

put out 熄灭put on 穿上

pick up捡起even if即使

Ⅱ．目标句型：

1. Would you mind doing…?

2. Do you mind doing…?

3. Could / Can / Will / May you please do…?

4. Would you mind not doing…?

5. Not at all. I’ll do it right away.

6. Sorry，I’ll do it right away.

7. Please do / don’t…

8. You’d better do…

Ⅲ．重点句型

1. Would you mind turning down the music?

2. whether和if引导从句的用法。

3. get的用法

【重难点分析】

1. Would you mind…?和Do you mind…? 用于询问或请求别人做某事，或请求他人的许可。

(1)mind后面可以用-ing形式，复合结构one’s doing或if引导的从句。例如：

Would you mind doing the dishes?＝Do you mind doing the dishes？

＝Please do the dishes.

请把餐具洗了好吗? (表示请求别人做事)

Would you mind turning down the radio?

＝Do you mind turning down the radio?

请把收音机关小点好吗？

(2)Would you mind my doing…? = Do you mind if

I do…?

这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许可。

例如：Would you mind my smoking here？

＝Do you mind if I smoke here?你介意我在这里吸烟吗？

Would you mind my asking you a question?

＝Do you mind if I ask you a question?

我问你一个问题好吗？

Would you mind my opening the window?

＝Do you mind my opening the window?

＝Can I open the window?我可以开窗吗?

注意：

在美国口语中还可以将这个句型用Would you mind me doing sth.？来表达，但是在书面表达中要用my。

Would you mind me using your car? 我用一下你的车好吗？

(3)询问有关人们感觉的一般性问题，可以用Do you mind…?通常不用Would you mind…?

如：

Do you mind people smoking in your house?

你介意别人在你家里吸烟吗?

这里不能说Would you mind people smoking in your house?

(4)这个句型的否定形式是在mind后加not，即Would you mind not…?或Do you mind not…?

如：

Would you mind not playing basketball here?

你不要在这打篮球好吗？

Would you mind not wearing those old jeans?

(5)回答Do／Would you mind…? 提出的问题时，表示允许要说No或Not at all等；

如果介意要做肯定回答Yes. 或Yes，I’m sorry，but I do.等，如：

-Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以问你的一个问题吗?

--No，please do.可以，请问吧。

2. 通常既可用whether 也可用if 表示―是否‖来引导从句，常置于see，ask，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out等动词之后。

如：I'm not sure whether /if I'll have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。

He asked me whether/if I could help him.

I want to know whether/if he lives there.

只能使用whether的场合

(1)只有whether能用在介词后面如：

Success depends on whether we make enough effort.

(2)在英语中与or (not) 连用的词通常是whether 如：

Whether we help him or not，he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否，他都将失败。

(3)带to的动词不定式前用whether，而不用if如：

Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是留。

(4)whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if 不能如：

Whether the meeting will be in Beijing is not known yet. 会议是否在北京举行还不得而知。

记忆法：不定式前介词后，or not 随其后。还有句头携我手，都有whether随我走

3. get on / get off ( a / the bus，train，boat，plane) 上/下（公共汽车、火车、船、飞机）

如：She got on / off the bus quickly.

get on还可以表示为：相处融洽、继续。如：

Get on with your work! 继续工作吧！

I get on well with all my classmates. 我和所有的同学相处都很融洽。

get的其它的用法：

(1)表示―到达，抵达‖，如果后接表示到达某地的名词，get后面要接介词to，地点是副词home，here，there等时去掉to 如：

She got there at six.

她六点钟到达那里。（there为地点副词）When we got to the station，the bus was waiting.

当我们到达车站时，汽车还在等着。（the station是名词）

(2)get sth. done使---被---

I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。

I must get the television fixed.

我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。

(3)get与宾语+形容词连用，其意思是―使某物/

某人成为‖如：

I got my feet wet. 我把脚弄湿了。

It's time to get the kids ready for school.

该给孩子们收拾好去上学了。

(4)变成，成为如：

The food's getting cold. 菜凉了。

This skirt is getting dirty这件短裙脏了。

He is getting old. 他渐渐老了。

(5)获得，取得如：

I must get some fruit in the market.

我得在市场上买点水果。

I'll get something to eat before I got out. 我出

去之前要找点东西吃。

Unit 8Why don’t you get her a scarf?

【单元目标】

Ⅰ．单词与短语

suggestion choose enter advantage receive besides comment encourage present trendy special album personal instead mouse perfect company asleep progress bench Sweden native nearly

fall asleep入睡give away 赠送

rather than 而不是hear of 听说

suggest v. 提议；建议take an interest in 对……感兴趣make friends with 与……交友

Ⅱ．目标句型：

1. What should I get f or sb…?

2. How about sth./doing sth.?

3. How do you like sth.?

4. What about sth./doing sth.?

5. Why don’t you buy/get…?

6. Why not buy/get…?

7. They’re too expensive/cheap/personal…8.

Great!/Good idea!/OK…. I’ll get/buy…

9. My best gift is…

10. It’s good for sb. to…

11. It can make sb….

Ⅲ．重点句型

1. Why don’t sb. do sth.?

2. How about结构

3. too…to结构

【重点词汇】

1. improve

作不及物动词，表示―改进，改善‖ 例如：

His work is improving slowly. 他的工作提高得很慢。也可作及物动词，表示―使某物改进，改善‖。例如：He studies harder to improve his English.他更加努力提高英语水平了。

This is not good enough. I want to improve it.

这还不够好，我要加以改进。

2. remember v. 记住，记起

I can’t remember your name. 我记不起你的名字。

As far as I can remember，this is the third time we’ve met.

我记得这是我们第三次会面了。

remember doing sth表示―记得做某事‖；动名词doing 具有完成的意义

I remember taking (having taken) the medicine at the right time.

我记得已按时服过药了。（吃过了）remember to do sth表示―记住去做某事‖；不定式to do 表示未做的动作

I remember to take the medicine at the right time.

我记住要按照服药。（还没吃）

3. too…to，这个短语虽然是肯定的形式，但是表达的是否定的意思：―太…以至于（不能）…‖。如：He is too old to work. 他太老了，不能工作了。The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry.

这箱子太重，小女孩搬不动。

如在too前面或者后面有否定词not，则整个句子表达肯定。如：

This question is not too difficult to answer.这道题不太难回答。

He is too clever not to see that.他很聪明，不会不懂这一点。

4. spend…on在…上花（时间或金钱）

如：

He spends a lot of money on books.

他花许多钱买书。

I spend half an hour on my homework every day.

我每天要花费半小时做作业。

I always spend weekends with my family.

我经常和我的家人一起过周末。

spend…(in) doin g sth.花(时间或金钱等)做

某事。

如：

The government will spend money looking after the patients.政府要花钱去照料那些病人

5. instead代替，替代

作副词，常放在句首或句末

It’s too hot to walk，we’ll go swimming instead.

太热不宜散步，我们改去游泳。

The girl stopped watching TV，she danced instead now. 那个女孩不看电视了，而去跳舞了。

He is tired，let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。

instead of后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示―代替……，而不是……‖。例如：

He’ll go to Italy instead of France.

他要去意大利而不去法国。

I’ll go instead of him.我将代替他去。

He played the whole afternoon instead of doing his homework.

他玩了一下午而没做作业。

6. touch触，碰

Don’t touch that pot；it’s very hot.

不要摸那口锅，它很烫。

常用短语：in touch with有联系；对某事熟悉

lose touch 失去联系，停止联系

out of touch 无联系；生疏

7. native本地的，本族的，本国的

Chinese is our native language.汉语是我们的母语。It’s a native fruit. 这是一种当地产的水果。

one’s native country / land 本国，祖国

native place 出生地

one’s native language 本国语，本族语

反义词：foreign 外国的；外交的；外国产的；外来的

8. increase增加，增大，增多

Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world.

旅游提高一个人对世界的认识。

He increased the size of his farm year by year.

他逐年扩大他的农场规模。

The population of this town has increased by 5 percent. 这个镇的人口已经增长了5%。

常用短语：increase by 增加了……

increase to…… 增加到……

9. support支持；继续；养活

He has a large family to support.他有

一大家子人要养活。

He was supported home by the man.他被那个人扶回了家。

support还可作名词，表示―拥护；支持‖There is strong public support for the change.

公众大力支持这一变革。

10. enough意为―充足，足够‖

enough作副词，可用于修饰形容词、副词、动词等，通常置于被修饰语之后。

I don’t know him well enough to ask him for help.我和他不够熟悉，不好请他帮忙。

This room is big enough for five of us to live in.这房间给我们5个人住够大了。

enough还可作形容词，用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，置于名词前或后均可。

Do you have enough time? 你的时间够用吗？

We have money enough to buy the house.

我们有足够的钱买这所房子。

11. take care of 表示―照顾，照料，爱惜‖是及物的动词短语。

During the illness of their mother the children were taken care of by a neighbor.

在孩子们的母亲患病期间，他们由一位邻居照顾。

A good car should last you a long time if you take care of it.

如果你爱惜的话，一部好汽车会让你长时间使用。

She ought to take care of her health more than she does.她该比现在更注意健康。

【重难点分析】

1. Why don’t you do sth.?

这是给别人提建议，建议某人做什么事情的句型。如：

Why don't you come more often?

咱们为什么不经常来这里呢?'

这个句子还可以写成Why not do…?

如：Why not get her a camera? 为什么不给她买个相机呢？

这个句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。

如：Why don’t you have a drink of tea? 请喝茶。= Why not have a drink of tea?

2. How/What about…? 表示―……怎么样/好吗？‖

这个句型是询问听话这一方对某事物的看法或者意见。about是个介词，它后面要接名词或者doing。如：

How about his playing football?

他足球踢得怎么样？

What about swimming with us?

和我们一起游泳怎么样？

How about her English?

她的英语怎样？

3. —When did Joe get it?乔是什么时候收到的礼物？

—On his sixth birthday.在他6岁生日时。

(1)on one’s …… birthday表示―在某人的……

岁生日时‖，要用序数词。

On his tenth birthday，his parents gave him a new bike as birthday present.

在他10岁生日那天，他的父母给他买了一辆新的自行车作为生日礼物。

(2)介词on表示―在具体的某一天或某一天的上、下午‖。

We will have a party on Christmas Day.

圣诞节那天，我们将要举行一个晚会。

4. Is it someone in your family?是你家里的什么人吗?

句中it用来确指身份不明的人。

--Who is it?是谁呀?

--It's me，Mary．是我，玛丽。

--Who is at the door?谁在门口?

--It's the postman．是邮递员。(主语是who，身份不明，故用it指代)

Mr Smith is at the door．He wants to see you．

史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。(主语是Mr Smith，身份明确，故用he指代)

5. The movie was boring，I fell asleep half way through it.这部电影令人厌烦。在放映了一半时我就睡着了。

(1)boring表示―令人厌烦的‖，bored表示―厌烦的‖

The book was boring. When he read the book，he felt bored.这本书很令人厌烦。当他读的时候，觉得很烦。

bored在这里是过去分词作形容词用，许多动词的现在分词和过去分词均可作形容词，区别在于过去分词有被动意味，常指―……对……感到……‖，主语通常是―人‖，后面多接介词；而现在分词有主动意味，指―使人……的‖，常用作表语，而主语通常是

―物‖。

例如：

He is interested in science.他对科学很感兴趣。

The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。

(2)fall asleep意为―睡着了‖，fall是连系动词，asleep是形容词，作表语。

When he was reading，he fell asleep.他看书时睡着了。

6. In the USA，some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts. 在美国，一些人要求他们的家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼物。

(1)本句中两个to，第一个to为不定式符号，后为动词原形，第二个to作介词。例如：

The teacher asked me to take the books to the classroom老师让我把书拿到教室里去。

(2)rather than表示―与其……(不如……)，不是……(而是……)‖是连词词组，可在两个并列的成分中选择，也可连接两个谓语、两个表语、两个主语等。当主句有动词不定式，rather than后可接带to的动词不定式或不带to的动词不定式，也可以用动名词形式。例如：

Things fall to the earth rather than go up into the air．东西落到地面上而不是飞向天空。

These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty．这些鞋子谈不上漂亮但穿起来很舒服。

I rather than you，should do the work．

该做这工作的是我，而不是你。

I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than milk.

我想喝冷饮，不想喝牛奶。

The color seems like yellow rather than green.

这颜色看上去更像黄色而不像绿色。

7. People don’t need to spend too much money.

人们不需要花费太多的钱。

(1)need在本句中作实义动词，表示―需要‖，有人称、数和时态的变化，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。

Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？（名词）

I can give you some help. Do you need it?

我可以帮助你，你需要吗？（代词）

I need to go right now你需要现在就走。（不定式）

need表示―必须‖，还可作情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，接动词原形作谓语，直接加not构成否定形式。只用在否定句和疑问句中。

例如：

I needn’t finish that work today.我今

天不必把那项工作做完。

Need you go right now?你一定得现在走吗？

(2)too much意为―太多‖，用于修饰不可数名词。

There is too much time left.还剩下太多的时间。

8. Later，the same gift may be given away to someone else．

后来，同样的礼品可能被赠送给别人。

该句为含有情态动词的被动语态。give away 表示―赠送，捐赠‖是固定的短语动词。

例如：

He has decided to give all his money away to charity.他已决定把所有的钱都捐赠给慈善机构。

I've given the books away to a library.我已

经把那些书捐赠给一家图书馆。

Her little boy had cried so heavily when they had given the dog away.

他们把狗送给别人时，她的小儿子哭得很厉害。

They are giving away free toys when you spend more than $30 in the store.

如果你在那家商店消费超过30美元，他们免费赠送玩具。

9. Twenty-four singers from across China recently competed by singing a number of popular English songs．来自全中国的24名歌手最近通过唱若干首流行英语歌曲来比赛。

(1)句中―by+动名词‖表示―通过某种方式或手段‖，在句中作方式状语。

I did not think she would do any good by coming over. 我认为她过来不会有什么好处。

There is nothing to gain by waiting.等待将一无所获。

He taught himself to play the violin by practising all night.

通过整夜练习他自学拉小提琴。

(2)a number of表示―许多，大量，若干‖是量词词组，其后只跟可数名词。

The parents were invited to see the program，and a number―people came，too．

父母应邀来看节目，不少人也来了。

There were a number of people out this afternoon．今天下午许多人出去了。

A number of accidents always occur on such days．在这种日子里常常有事故发生。

10. If there were new words in a song，I looked them up in the dictionary.

如果在歌曲里有生词，我就查字典。

这是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句。主句中look up表示―(在词典、书籍中)查找‖。

按照英语习惯用法，―查字典‖为look up the words in the dictionary，不说look up the dictionary。另外，look up是―动副‖结构的及物的短语动词，名词作宾语置于副词前后皆可，代词作宾语要置于副词之前。

If you don't know the meaning of a word，look it up in a good dictionary．

如果你不知道一个词的意义，就去查一本好词典。

You can look up her telephone number in the book．

你可以在电话簿里查找她的电话号码。

Will you look up a train for me in the timetable?

你可不可以帮我在行车时刻表中查找一个列车车次?

11. As you go to your home by the ocean may you never forget those sweet hours that we spent in the Red River Valley and the love we exchanged mid the flowers．当你通过海洋到你家时，祝你永远不会忘记我们一起在红河谷度过的那些甜蜜时光以及我们一起在花丛中交换的爱情。

这是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句，主句中又含有两个定语从句。hours和love既在主句中作forget的并列宾语，又分别是其后定语从句所修饰的先行词。在前一个定语从句中，关系代词that既引导定语从句，又在从句中作spent的宾语；在第二个定语从句的主语we前，省略了既引导定语从句，又在从句中作exchanged宾语的关系代词that或which。主句中may用倒装语序表示祝愿。例如：May you succeed!祝你成功!

May you be happy!祝你幸福!

May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!

as用作连接词表示时间关系，用来引导时间状语从句，意思也是―当……的时候‖，往往可与when 或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如：

I saw him as he was getting off the bus．当他下公共汽车时，我看见了他。