外交学院硕士研究生入学考试二外英语试卷

外交学院2005年硕士研究生入学考试二外英语试卷

Part I: Multiple Choices (20%)

Section A课

Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

1. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ____ in the area on the night of the fire.659 76674

[A] to be [B] to have been [C] having been [D] be

2. Thompson is the only one of the students who ____ to France.

[A] has been [B] have been [C] had been [D] has being

3. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed

[C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed

4. I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly ____ to me.1号

[A] happened [B] entered 659 76674

[C] occurred [D] emerged

5. ____ if you had lost your watch?021-

[A] Hadn’t you been upset [B] Weren’t you upset655423 17

[C] Wouldn’t you be upset [D] Wouldn’t you have upset

6. John would rather that Jane ____ to the party yesterday evening.

[A] did not go [B] not go

[C] wouldn’t gone [D] had not gone

7. The match was cancelled because most of the members ____ a match without a standard court.业

[A] objected to having [B] object to have共济

[C] were objected to have [D] were objected to having

8. ____ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.659 76674

[A] Jumped down the burglar [B] Down the burglar jumped

[C] The burglar jumps down [D] Down jumped the burglar

9. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ to expenses of the trip.659 76674

[A] to [B] about [C] in [D] for

10. You should abide ____ your promise as a man of honor.

[A] to [B] for [C] by [D] with

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are required to select the one word or phrase that would best match the meaning of the underlined part in the original sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

11. Dr. Smith checked the patient’s signs carefully before making his statement.同济西苑

[A] symbols [B] symptoms [C] sinecures [D] synods

12. Henry’s news re port covering the conference was so exhaustive that nothing had been omitted.

kaoyantj

[A] understanding [B] comprehensible

[C] comprehensive [D] underlying

13. The driver stopped at the crossroad as the traffic lights flashed.

[A] pulled off [B] pulled round

[C] pulled away [D] pulled up

14. Motivation is a primary factor in learning.

[A] Memorization [B] Aptitude

[C] Intelligence [D] Incentive

15. It is bad policy for the developing countries to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.

[A] accelerate [B] further [C] discourage [D] weaken

16. The world market is constantly changing. We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments.

[A] regularly [B] steadily [C] scarcely [D] always

17. Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness.

[A] false idea [B] imagination

[C] vision [D] impression

18. Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I assumed to be his girl friend.

[A] pretended [B] supposed [C] resumed [D] granted

19. They built the motel on the edge of an abandoned village.

[A] immense [B] deserted [C] well-run [D] remote

20. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank.

[A] destroyed [B] signed [C] folded [D] deposited

Part II. Cloze (15%)

Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] below the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchanges, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very __21__ for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite __22__ in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain __23__ when he accepts a cheque and he is quite __24__ his rights if, on occasion, he refuses to do so.

People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called __25__. An old and every wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewellery shop which keeps a large __26__ of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he __27__ to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by cheque. The assistant said that this was quite __28__, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.

The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with __29__ the same name had presented them with a __30__ cheque not long ago. He told my friend that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay __31__ he wanted to get into serious trouble. __32__, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the __33__ and asked him to

copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The not __34__: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” __35__, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s.

21. [A] complicated [B] trivial [C] bearable [D] convenient

22. [A] valueless [B] invaluable [C] valuable [D] indefinite

23. [A] danger [B] change [C] risk [D] opportunity

24. [A] within [B] beyond [C] without [D] out of

25. [A] in difficulty [B] in doubt [C] in earnest [D] in question

26. [A] amount [B] stock [C] number [D] store

27. [A] considered [B] thought [C] conceived [D] decided

28. [A] in order [B] in need [C] in use [D] in common

29. [A] largely [B] mostly [C] exactly [D] extremely

30. [A] worth [B] worthy [C] worthwhile [D] worthless

31. [A] whether [B] if [C] otherwise [D] unless

32. [A] Really [B] Sure enough [C] Certainly [D] However

33. [A] treatment [B] manner [C] inconvenience [D] behavior

34. [A] read [B] told [C] wrote [D] informed

35. [A] Unfortunately [B] Fortunately [C] Naturally [D] Basically Part III. Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One

Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.

Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.

A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger

service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members of the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conventionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.

One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.

The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.

36. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement ____.

[A] social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families

[B] family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility

[C] potential disorganization is present in the American family

[D] the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status

37. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ____.

[A] are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability

[B] have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it

[C] will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it

[D] can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble

38. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ____.

[A] the husband, wife, and children work too hard

[B] the husband, wife, and children seldom get together

[C] both parents have to work full time

[D] the family members are subject to social pressure.

39. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because ____.

[A] they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking

[B] they allow one to find a good job and improve one’s social status

[C] they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents

[D] they enable the children to travel around without their parents

40. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members ____.

[A] are not psychologically withdrawn from one another

[B] never quarrel with each other even when they disagree

[C] often help each other with true love and affection

[D] are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets

Passage Two

Do animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet?

These are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Frazier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians, lawyers, legislators and even scientists. Radical environmentalists are already demanding that legal and ethical protection be extended to all of nature, and a few of them have demonstrated a willingness to fight, break the law and even die in support of this belief.

As described by Nash, the circle covered by the ethical rules governing individual and social behavior has expanded slowly and irregularly throughout history. Starting by granting rights to themselves, humans gradually enlarged the circle to include the family, the tribe, the nation and, in theory if not in practice, the entire community of human beings. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that all men were created equal and entitled to certain unalienable (不可剥夺的) rights, it was understood he was talking only about white males. Since the American Revolution, however, the right to ethical treatment has been extended, at least by law and social consensus, to include women and ethnic minorities.

The next page in this history – the extension of ethical and legal rights to animals, plants, and the rest of the natural world – is now being written, Nash believes. For a growing number of people throughout the world but particularly in the United States, the belief is taking root.

The idea that nature has rights and is entitled to ethical consideration is not a new one. Some Eastern religions define humans as only part of a great chain of being. But in the Judeo-Christian tradition of the West, man was created to master nature, not to be part of it.

However, as environmentalism has evolved as a social movement in recent years, Nash says, the concept of liberating nature from persecution by humanity has gained followers. U. S. law, he notes, provides legal protection to animals and plants through the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammals Protection Act.

Nash points to the increasingly aggressive positions of so-called deep environmentalists and other radicals who insist that nature has intrinsic and unalienable rights that have nothing to do with its value to people. Some of these radicals have thrown themselves before bulldozers to protect virgin forests and chained themselves to rocks on a river bank to prevent the river from being damned.

For the most part, Nash takes no position on questions of ethical duties. Only in an epilogue (跋), does he indicate where his sympathies lie. Just as the antislavery radicals in the early part of the 19th century were scorned (嘲笑) for insisting that slaves were human beings with rights, today’s radical environmentalists are often laughed at for suggesting that nature is “the latest minority deserving a place in the sun of American liberal tradition,” he says. But with the groundwork now laid for “mass participation in environmentalism,” Nash believes, there is a real possibility of serious confrontation with those who profit from exploitation of the environment.

“If this situation, with its intellectual and political similarities to America before the Civil War, promises once again to endanger domestic peace,” Nash warns, “it is not the fault of history.”

41. Radical environmentalists hold that ____.

[A] all of nature should enjoy legal and ethical protection

[B] all animals should have legal rights as human beings

[C] viruses should be eliminated from this planet

[D] nature should be exploited in a humane way

42. By “all men were created equal,” Thomas Jefferson meant that ____.

[A] all human beings should enjoy equal rights

[B] all white males should have equal rights

[C] blacks and whites should enjoy equal rights

[D] men and women should have equal rights

43. According to the so-called deep environmentalists, _____.

[A] things in nature that have value to people should be protected

[B] virgin forests should be preserved

[C] man should let rivers take their natural course and dams should not be built

[D] everything in nature has its intrinsic (天生的) value and should be protected

44. According to the passage, Nash ____.

[A] is neutral on the question concerning the ethical rights of nature

[B] sympathizes with the radical environmentalists

[C] laughs at the idea that nature deserves a place in the American liberal tradition

[D] is scornful of the anti-slavery radicals for insisting that slaves were human beings.

45. The best title for this passage might be ____.

[A] Ethics and the Natural World

[B] Anti-slavery Radicals and Deep Environmentalists

[C] All men Were Created Equal

[D] Relationship Between Human Beings and Nature

Passage Three

Whereas George Gershwin worked in the glare of critical and commercial success, Charles Ives worked in obscurity. Though Ives created the bulk of his output before Gershwin appeared on the scene, his music was almost completely neglected until he was “rediscovered” in the 1940’s and 1950’s. He earned his livelihood, for m ost of his adult life, in the insurance business and created some of the most striking examples of American music in his spare time. Ives’s composing was restricted to weekends, holidays, vacations, and long evenings, Ives himself was quite philosophic about this and never considered his business career a handicap to artistic production. On the contrary, he regarded his music and the business in which he earned his livelihood as complementary activities.

His raw material for all of his work was the ordinary musical life of a small New England town. In evolving his highly individualistic musical language, Ives used popular dance hall tunes fragments of hymns and patriotic anthems, brass band marches, country dances, and songs which he integrated into works of enormous complexity.

But Ives’s music was hardly popular with the broad public at the time it was written. The composer found it all but impossible to get his music performed. For example, Ives’s Second Symphony, which be worked on between 1897 and 1902, received its first performance in 1951 when it was played by the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York, under Leonard

Bernstein. His Third Symphony, completed in 1911, was first performed in 1945, the Fourth Symphony, written between 1910 and 1916 received its premiere in 1965 under the direction of Leopold Stokowski. Not until he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony, in 1947, did Charles Ives received any degree of recognition for his work.

46. Charles Ives’s succes s in music could be called unusual because he __.

[A] had a physical handicap

[B] was trained to be a philosopher

[C] did not devote his entire career to music

[D] did not have much financial backing

47. According to the passage, how did Ives feel about the business and musical sides of his life?

[A] They lent support to each other.

[B] They each satisfied his need for recognition.

[C] They represented a conflict in his nature.

[D] They took too much of his time.

48. It can be inferred that all of the following were sources of inspiration for Ives in his early career EXCEPT __.

[A] church music [B] folk tunes

[C] Gershwin’s compositions [D] patriotic songs

49. Ives’s Third Symphony was first performed in the __.

[A] late nineteenth century

[B] first decade of the twentieth century

[C] mid-nineteen forties

[D] mid-nineteen sixties

50. Who conducted the first performance of Ives’s Fourth Symphony?

[A] Pulitzer [B] Bernstein

[C] Gershwin [D] Stokowski

Part V Translation (35%)

Section A

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.

When we established our friendly and cooperative relations, we did so on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality, and mutual benefit. These are the principles on which we seek friendship with all peoples of the world. It is absolutely vital that all nations, big or small, strong or weak, should conduct their relations with each other on these principles.

We, therefore, welcome the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of and positions taken by small and developing countries. China’s support is a

constant source of encouragement to us in the pursuit of the goals of developing and maintaining the independence of our country.

Section B

Directions: Put the following sentences into English

1.在香港问题解决之后，中英之间没有任何重大障碍能阻止两国发展跨世纪的、稳定的、全面合作关系。

2.经济全球化发展迅猛，国与国之间的相互依存关系日益加深，多极化和全球化的发展带动国际关系的调整。

3.中美两国应该用战略眼光和长远观点来审视和处理中美关系。

4.我们努力加强民族团结，完成祖国统一大业，促进世界和平与发展的崇高事业。

5.中国政府和中国人民将始终站在人类正义事业的一边，同各国人民一道，为维护世界和平、促进共同发展不懈奋斗