高考英语 It的用法与高考
it的用法与
高考
谈起it，真可谓词小作用大。
it的用法一直是高考命题的热点,也
是教学中的重点与难点。下面结合高考
试题来对其常考点和特殊用法进行归纳。
一、it用作代词的用法
1.it用作人称代词，可指人，也可指物。用来代替前面已经出现的词、词组
或句子，以避免重复。
1>.I was disappointed with the film . I had expected ______ to be much better. ( 93 )
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it
2>. —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. [2020 陕西卷]
A.one
B. one; one
C. one; it
D. it; It 2．it 用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、气候、季节、温度、环境等或虚指
的情境。例如：It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3．代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。
如：What a beautiful baby---- is it a boy?
4．指代心目中或上文中的人或事物。
3>----Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?
----No, it ___ be him. I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.( 2020.全国.29 )
A. can't
B. must not
C. won't
D. may not
4>----Do you like _____ here?
----Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.( 2020.全国.32)
A. this
B. these
C. that
D. it
it可以指代"未指明,但谈话双方心里都明白的那件事或那种情况", 在本题情景中it指"这儿的情况(the situation here)"。又如: I can't stand it (= this situation) any longer!
How's it (= your life, work, etc.) going?
He is fifty, but he doesn’t look it.(fifty years old )
It还可以指"已知的或暗含的事
实或情况，例如：
5>The Parkers bought a new house but
_____will need a lot of work before they can move in. ( 2002.全国.25 )
A. they
B. it
C. one
D. which 在此指"买房之后的情况"。
又如:She was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非常恐惧,但竭力
没有表现出来。
二、it可在句子中作主语或宾语，
用来代替一个名词，一个短语，一个分
句或一个句子，以避免它们在句子中的
重复。为了避免句中作真正主语的动词
不定式短语、动名词短语和名词性从句(一般都比较长)置于句首时造成头重
脚轻，习惯上用it作形式主语置于句首，指代后面的真正主语，使句子显得
流畅,保持句子的平衡。而且，作形式
主语的代词只能用it ，不能用that，this等词.
㈠it作形式主语的用法
1.It + be＋形容词(＋for sb./ sth．) ＋动词不定式
此句型中的形容词用来描述动词
不定式所指代的事情的特点。相当于to do sth. is +adj+.for sb./ sth，
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard，difficult，possible，important，impossible， necessary，good，bad，natural, safe, common, normal, dangerous, unusual, rare, pleasant 等。
6> Is ___ necessary to tell his
father everything? (87)
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. he
7>
Is ____ necessary to com
plete the design before
National Day? (89)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
8> Is ___ possible to fly to the
moon in a spaceship? (88) A.
now B. man C. that D. it
2.It+ be＋形容词＋of sb．＋动词不
定式
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, clever, brave, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, impolite, rude, friendly, careless, cruel, honest ,lazy,
modest, naughty, selfish, wrong, right , 等。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is +adj.+to do sth.
3.It + be ＋名词 (＋for sb./ sth．) ＋动词不定式
用于此句型的名词有： a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a great joy, a waste of time, one’s turn, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, good manners, bad manners等。
例如：It is our duty to serve the people.
4.It+ be ＋形容词/名词＋doing sth．此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no / little use, no / much good, no / much harm, no / a wonder, useless, senseless, dangerous, enjoyable, worthwhile 等。
如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
9> ___ felt funny watching myself on TV. [2020 全国卷II]
A. One
B. This
C. It
D. That
5.It +谓语+名词从句(主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)
it作形式主语, that从句作真正主语,常见的句型有: ⑴It + be + 形容词(obvious, true, , surprising, wonderful, funny, , likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that…
⑵It + be + 形容词(important necessary, right, possible strange, natural...) that sb. (should) do sth.
⑶It + be + 名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, no surprise, a fact, a pleasure, a surprise, an honor, a pity, common sense etc.)+
t hat…
10> _____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language( 1995.37 )
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
11>The Foreign Minister said ,“____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace .”( 2020.北京.24 )
A. This is
B. There is
C. That is
D. It is
12>He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ___he is tired out.( 2020.
湖北.30 )
A．There is no point B．There
is no need
C．It is no wonder D．It is no way
13>___is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. （2020高考浙
江卷4）
A.As
B. That
C. This
D. It
⑷ It+ be +过去分词( said ,reported, believed, declared, expected, supposed, hoped, accepted, stated, acknowledged, recognized, mentioned, proved. shown, announced, arranged, observed, proposed, regarded, considered, thought, learned, well known, pointed out,....) + that…
14>It has been proved ______ eating vegetables in childhood help s to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(上海36)
A. if
B. because
C. when
D. that 15>It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to s peak. （09全国II.6）
A. said
B. to say
C. saying
D. being said
⑸ It+ be+过去分词(suggested, ordered, demanded, requested ... ) that sb. (should) do sth.
⑹ It＋不及物动词(seems, happens, appears, occurs)＋that…或It looks ( seems )+ as if ...
另外，常见的句型还有：It is not settled / has not been decided / is still unknown/ It makes no difference …+ whether…
It doesn’t matter whether ..
如：It depends on the weather whether we will go.
16>
Does ______ matter if he c an’t finish the job on ti me? (91)
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
㈡ it作形式宾语的用法
由作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置的固定句式有下面几个类型：
1．主语+谓语+it+形容词/名词+动词不定式/从句
17> I don't think ___ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (90)
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
18> You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again (1999.18)
A. when
B. where
C. then
D. there 19.
The
chairman
thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . ( 2020.全国II 卷.35 )
A ．that
B ．it
C ．this
D ．him
20> He didn’t make ___clear when and where the meeting would be held.（2020高考天津卷1）A. this B. that C. it D. these 21>As the busiest woman in Norton. she made ___her duty to look after all the other peo ple’s affairs in that town. （06高考湖南26）
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
2．主语+谓语+it+从句
在I like / love / enjoy / hate… it when…这个结构中,it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是when 从句所描述的某种情形。值得注意的是,这种情况与我们所熟悉的it 作形式宾语的复合结构是不同的,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
又如: I hate it when you can’t discuss things openly.
I like it that everyone passed the
exam.
22> I hate _____when people ta lk with their mouths full.(1998.8)
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them 23> I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. ( 2020.全国.27 )
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
24> I’d appreciate ___if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. （2020山东24）A. that B. it C. this D. you 3．主语+谓语+介词+it+从句
如：I’ll see to it that（注意做到）everything is ready in time.
Can I depend on it（相信）that this won’t take place again? 4．主语+谓语+it+介词短语+从句
I took it for granted that they were not coming.
三．it 可用于强调结构,构成句型：It's +被强调部分+that/ who+句子的其他部分。如果被强调部分是人,既可用that又可用who,其余的全部用that。这一句型也可用于一般疑问句、否定句或特殊疑问句。其特点是:去掉It is(was)及that (who)后,在不添词、不减词的前提下能重新构成一个意义完整的句子。
例如：
25>Was it during the Second World War___ he died?(88)
A. that
B. while
C. in which
D. then
26>It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I re alized she was a famous film star. (92)
A. when , that
B. unti l , that
C. until , that
D. when , then
27>It was about 600 years ago_____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (1997.25 )
A. that
B. until
C. before
D. when
28> It was not until 1920____regular radio broadcasts began. ( 1995.33 ) A. while B. which C. that D. since
29>It was only when I reread
this poems recently ___ I began to appreciate their bea uty.
A. until
B. that
C. then
D. so (97)
30>It is the ability to do
the job ____ matters not whe
re you come from or what y
ou are.
A. one
B. that
C. what
D. it (2000)
31>Why! I have nothing to confess.
____you want me to say?(2020.上海.43)
A. What is it that
B. What
it is that
C. How is it that
D. How it
is that
32>I just wonder ____that makes him so excited. （2020高考山东卷32） A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is 33>—He got his first boo
k
published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____?
—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. [2020 浙江卷] A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It
34>It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. （08重庆卷22）
A. that
B. when
C. while
D. as
容易与强调结构混淆的固定句型： ⑴It is the first time ( that ) sb. have / has done sth.
It was the first time ( that ) sb. had done sth.
该句型中that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the first(second…)time,译为：这是某人第一（二…）次做某事。
例如：It is the first time ( that ) I have been here.
It was the first time ( that )I had visited the place.
⑵It is ( high / about ) time ( that ) sb. did / should do sth. 该句型中that 引导虚拟定语从句，修饰先行词time ，意思是：某人早该做某事了。
It is high time (that ) he went to school .
⑶It is / has been + 时间段+ since sb. did sth.
It was+ 时间段+ since sb. had
done sth.
若since 从句中的谓语动词是终止性动词，表示“自某人做某事以来已经多久了”；若从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示“自某人不做某事以来已经多久了”。
例如：It is10 years since we left our hometown. 自我们离开家乡已经10年了。
It is10years since we lived in that village. 自我们不住在那个村庄已经10年了。
35>That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much. ( 2020.全
国I卷.29 )
A. when
B. that
C. before
D. since
36>It is almost five years___we saw each other last time. （2020北京
春季.23）
A.before
B.since
C.after
D.when
⑷It is+ 时间段名词+ before ...
此句型若为肯定句，意指“过了多
久才…”，若为否定句，则是指“没过
多久就…”
例如：It will be hours before he arrives here.
几小时以后他才会到这儿。
It was not long before t hey drove the enemy from their homeland. 没
多久他们就把敌人从他们的国土上赶
跑了。
37>Scientists say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. ( 2020.福建.31 ) A. since B. after C. bef ore D. when
38>It was some time _____ we realized the truth. ( 2020.山东.24 ) A. when B. until C. since D. before
39>—How long do you think it will
be ___China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
—Perhaps two or three years. （2020
福建卷25）
A.when
B. until
C. that
D. before
40>It ____long before we ____ the result of the experiment．（2002
年上海春）
A．will not be；will know
B．is；will know
C．will not be；know D．is；
know
⑸It is +时间名词+ when…
It was 8 o’clock when he came back.（定语从句）
⑹It is +时间状语+that…
It was 3 years ago that he joined the army.（强调结构）
⑺It is +地点名词+ where…
It is the place where I was born.（定语从句）
⑻It is +地点状语+ that…
It was in the place that I came
to know him.（强调结构）
四．替代词it, that与one的区别
it表特指，替代前文中出现过的
同一名词；替代前文中出现过的同类名
词时，用that和one。that表特指，
相当于“the+名词”，可代替单数可数
名词或不可数名词（只指物不指人），
one用于泛指，相当于“a/an+名词”，
只代替单数可数名词（可表示人也可表
示物）。
I hope there are enough glasses
for each guest to have_____.( 1995.22 )
A. it
B. those
C. them
D. one
----Why don't we take a little
break?
----Didn't we just have _____? ( 2000.23)
A．it B．that C．one D．this
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________I will always treasure. (2002.全国.35)
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,
_____ I will always treasure. （2002.
35）
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
We needed a new cupboard for the
kitchen. So Peter made _____ from
some wood we had. ( 2020.广西.24 )
A. it
B. one
C. himself
D. another
Cars do cause us some health
problems —in fact far more serious
_______ than mobile phones do.
(2020江西卷)
A．one B．ones
C．it D．those
We’ve been looking at the houses
but haven’t found _____ we like yet.
（2020浙江卷）
A．one B．ones C
．it D．them
I prefer a flat in Inverness to
______in Perth, because I want to
live near my Mom' s. （2020天津卷）
A. one
B.
that C.
it D.
this
1 admired the painting, and Ed said he would like me to have ______ as a gift from him. (08 高考延考区.6) A. one
B. it
C. this
D. some
I like this house with a beautiful garden in front. but I don’t have enough money to buy . （09四川）
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that 五．it 对关系代词as 的干扰 ______is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. ( 2002.全国.34 )
A. it
B. As
C. That
D. What
_____ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. ( 2020.北京.34 )
A.it
B. As
C. That D What
以上两题考察了as 引导的定语从句,若选that,句子应分别为：
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once
every month.
It is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making p rogress. 六．it 对关系代词which 的干扰 Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999)
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
此题中which 引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句的整个内容。若用it,则该句为:
Carol said the work would be done by October, but personally I doubt it very much.
又如：Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ___ didn't help. (93)
A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
The
doctor
advised
Vera
strongly that she should take a holiday, but ___ didn’t help. ( 2020全国III 卷13 )
A ．it
B ．she
C ．which
D ．he 七．it 对there be 句型的干扰 _____ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has
already been settled. (91)
A. It has
B. There has
C. It is
D. There is
_____ is no possibility ______
Bob can win the first prize in
the match. ( 2001.上海.春.35 )
A. There … that
B.
I t … that
C. There … whether
D. It … whether
常见的there be句型有：
There is no doubt that / of 毫无疑问
There is no need to do /for 没有必要
There is no denying无可否认
There is no hurry about 无需慌张
There is no difficulty in…方面没困难
There is no difference between 没区别
There is no possibility that/ of 没可能
There is no room for 没有…余地
There is no sense in …是无意义的
There was a time when 曾经有一段时间…
There is no chance that/ of 没有…的机会
八．其它含有it的常见句式和短语：
It takes sb. ... to do sth.
If it had not been for…若要不是
It remains to be seen / proved that…有待于观察／证明
例如：Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___whether they will enjoy it.( 2002.全国.32 )
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
It turned out / so fell out that…最终结果是，终于
It is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做某事
It is a common saying that…俗话说
It goes without saying that…不言而喻
It is worth notice that…值得注意的是…
it也常用于某些习惯用语中，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：
cab it 乘车 catch it 受责，受罚 come it 尽自己 believe it or not信不信由你 take it easy别着急，慢慢来 come it strong 做得过分 walk it 步行 make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气it all depends视情况而定
例如：----How long are you staying?
----I don't know.___________. ( 2020江苏35 )
A.That's OK
B. Never mind
C. It depends
D. It
doesn't matter
----It’s getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.
----OK. ______ .( 2020.全国.21 )
A.Take it easy
B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer
D. See you
----I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
----_____, we’re too busy.( 2020.广西.23 )
A. Don’t worry
B. Don’t mention it
C. Forget it
D. Pardon
me
—It’ s been raining for a whole
week. I think it’ll get fine soon.
___.We are getting into the rainy
season now. （2020高考安徽卷27）
A.yes.it will
B.of course
not C. It’ s possible D.
It’ s hard to say
----How much do I owe you for lunch?
----______. It’s nothing. (08天
津卷’ 09)
A. You’re welcome
B. Forget
it C. With pleasure D.
That’s right
If I can help___ I don’t like
woking late into night. （2020全
国卷26）
A. so
B.that
C.
it D.them
【解析】选C. If I can help it意为
“如果我有办法。”表示有办法做某
事或有办法控制某个局面。
Just as Professor Scotti often it, success is ninety-nine percent
mental attitude. （09安徽25）
A. gets
B. makes
C. puts
D. means