高中英语三大从句解释

1、定语从句（形容词从句）

2、名词词从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）

3、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）

一、定语从句：

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

1、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。

（1）, who, whom, that

这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。

（2），Which 用来指人或物

(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）

（3），whose

“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）

2、关系代词引导的定语从句

（1），关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。

（2），关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。

（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。

3、非限制性定语从句

它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。

二、名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

1、连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）

whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）

as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）

以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

2、连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever

3、连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however

三、状语从句

状语从句（Adverbial Clause）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、

让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)

3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）

4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）

7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.

= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.

= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。

= Our hometown is not what it used to be.

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）

3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）

6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）

All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)

Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）

He's a man from whom we should learn.

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

比较：He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.

He is the student who you think is worth praising.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）

I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）

There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come

Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:

●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词

（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out.

We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.

注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）

Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.

I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.

●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.

This is the place where I was born.

I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: ※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.

●Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；

当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：

The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.

I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）

Ex.) He was late .That's because he got up late.

.He got up late. That's why he was late.(表语从句)

(the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句)

当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。

way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语

时，则用which或that 引导。如:

This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.

比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.

Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.

北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.

1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.

3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

4. He was proud, which his brother never was.

Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

●that & which:

在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,

1.We should do all that is useful to the people .

2.There's nothing that can be said about it .

3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.

2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.

The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.This is the best that can be done now.

2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：

1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .

⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

1. Which is the book that you like best?

2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：

1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.

2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .

定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which 指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .

1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .

What's that which she is looking at?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

(B) who & that:

who 和that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：

1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once

4.I don't like the ones (= those ) who talk big.

5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.

②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：

1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .

2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：

1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复. 如：

1. The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .

●as & which:

as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

①位置的不同：

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；

as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。

1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

或As you know, Jack is an honest man.

②先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

※He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）

※He is an honest man, as is known to all.

He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.

③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"

as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have

imagined.

◆EX1. 用定语从句完成下列句子。

1．This is the most beautiful forest _ __(我所见过的).

2．Dou Po Tang(陡坡塘) Waterfall, ___(位于贵州省的), is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high.

◆EX2用适当的关系词填空. Have a try! ! !

1. I will never forget the day __________ I first went to school.

I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing.

2. The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.

The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.

◆Ex3选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。

1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.

2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.

3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.

4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.

5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.

思考: 介词+关系代词的情况

介词+关系代词的情况（1）

The man whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city she lives in is far away.

The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist.

The city that/which she lives in is far away.

The man to who/whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city in that/which she lives is far away.

方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系

注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。

◆EX 7 Practice A letter to Tom

我收到了你上周的来信.谢谢你寄的照片.我常常想起我们一起度过的时光.你还记得那个湖吗?我们在那还照过一张相呢.和我们一起玩的那些朋友还好吗?我昨晚做了梦，在梦里我们在上次去的那家电影院呢．另外,我买到了你要的那本英语书.周末有时间我将把书寄给你．

Dear Tom,

I have received the letter you posted last week. Thanks for the photos you sent. I often think of the time we spent together. Do you still remember the lake where we had a picture taken? How are the children who played with us? I had a dream in which / where we were staying in the cinema which/that we went to last time. Besides, I have bought the book (that/which) you need . On the weekend when I am free, I will post it to you. Best wishes,