张奎武《英美概况》笔记及习题 美国(主要城市)【圣才出品】
第5章主要城市
5.1 复习笔记
I. Washington D.C.
II. New York City
III. Chicago
IV. Los Angeles
V. Philadelphia
VI. Detroit
VII. Houston
VIII. San Francisco
IX. Boston
XI. St. Louis
I. Washington D.C. (华盛顿)
1. Washington, the capital of the United States, is in Washington D.C.
华盛顿是美国的首都，位于华盛顿州。
2. The city itself was named Washington after George Washington, the first president of the U.S.A. Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated there.
华盛顿是以美国的第一位总统华盛顿将军命名的城市。托马斯·杰斐逊是第一位在华盛
顿就职的总统。
3. Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system: Congress, the Supreme Court and the Presidency.
华盛顿是美国联邦制(国会，最高法院和总统)所有分支的总部。
4. places of interest (名胜)
①Capitol Hill (美国国会)
Capitol Hill is the seat of the U.S. government in Washington D.C. Congress Hall is open every Tuesday and Friday to visitors.
美国国会是美国政府在华盛顿州的所在地。每周二到周五，国会大厅对外开放。
②White House (白宫)
The White House is the official presidential residence, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington D.C. It is the oldest public building in the city and was originally painted grey.
白宫位于华盛顿州宾夕法尼亚大街1600号，是美国总统的官邸。它是华盛顿最古老的公共建筑，最早是灰色。
③The National Mall (国家广场)
Between Constitution Avenue and Independence Avenue is the National Mall. Washington Monument stands in the middle of the mall.
宪法大道和独立大道之间是国家广场。华盛顿纪念碑在国家广场中间。
④The National Air and Space Museum (国家航空航天博物馆)
The Museum was opened in 1976. More than 9 million people visit the Museum annually, making it the most popular museum in the world.
博物馆于1976年建造。每年约有九百万人参观此博物馆，使它成为世界上最受欢迎的博物馆。
⑤The Lincoln Memorial (林肯纪念堂)
The Memorial honors the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. The memorial chamber contains three commemorative features—a colossal seated statue of Lincoln and two huge inscribed stone tablets.
林肯纪念堂是为了纪念美国第16届总统林肯而建造的。纪念堂包括三个纪念物—林肯的巨型坐像和两个巨大的雕刻碑碣。
II. New York City (纽约)
1. New York City, located in New York State, is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. The city has five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queen’s, Brooklyn and Richmond.
纽约位于纽约州，是美国最大的城市和首要海港。纽约有五大区：曼哈顿，布朗克斯，皇后区，布鲁克林和里士满。
2. New York City is often called “The Big Apple”.
纽约被称为“大苹果城”。
3. places of interest (名胜)
①The Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)
The Statue of Liberty stands on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. It is National Monument which was presented to the U.S. by France.
自由女神像位于纽约港口的自由岛。它是由法国赠与美国的国家纪念碑。
②Wall Street (华尔街)
Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. The world famous New York Stock Exchange is across the street.
华尔街是美国垄断资本主义的象征。世界著名的纽约证券交易所坐落于华尔街。
③World Trade Center (世界贸易中心)
World Trade Center is the tallest building in the U.S. and the world. It is comprised of two buildings, twin structures, each rising 110 stories above the city’s streets.
世界贸易中心是美国和世界最高的建筑物。它由两栋楼组成，双重结构，每栋楼都有110层。
④Broadway (百老汇)
Broadway is an avenue in Manhattan, a symbol of the New York theatre. The intersection of Broadway and Seventh Avenue is Time Square, which is theatrical center of the city.
百老汇是曼哈顿的一条大道，是纽约剧场的象征。百老汇和第七大道的交叉处是时代广场，也是纽约的影视中心。
⑤Rockefeller Center (洛克菲勒中心)
West of Fifth Ave, it is the world’s largest privately-owned business and entertainment complex. There is an excellent view from the Observation Roof of the850ft RCA building.
位于第五大道西部，洛克菲勒中心是世界上最大的私人商业和娱乐中心。在850RCA 建筑的观察层，可以欣赏到美丽的风景。
⑥Guggenheim Museum (古根海姆博物馆)
This famous museum is at Fifth Ave. It specializes in modern painting, sculpture and graphic arts.
这个著名的博物馆位于第五大道。它的特色是现代绘画，雕塑和平面艺术。
⑦Metropolitan Museum of Art (大都会艺术博物馆)
It is one of the world’s leading art museums, and the largest in the Western Hemisphere.
它是世界上顶级的艺术博物馆之一，也是西半球最大的博物馆。
⑧Bronx Zoo (布朗克斯动物园)
Bronx Zoo occupies the southwestern portion of Bronx Park. There are more than 2000 birds, mammals and reptiles of 1100 species.
布朗克斯动物园位于布朗克斯公园的西南部。它有2000多种鸟类，哺乳动物和1100种爬行动物。
⑨Greenwich Village (格林威治村)
Greenwich Village is rich in history. Its most famous landmark is Washington Arch in Washington Square and it was built in 1893.
格林威治村的历史十分悠久。最著名的地标是位于华盛顿广场的华盛顿门，建造于1893年。
⑩Chinatown (唐人街)
It has been the center of New York’s large Chinese community for more than 100 years with many interesting shops and fine restaurants.
唐人街是纽约最大的华人聚集地，100多年来建造了很多有意思的商店和饭馆。
?The United Nations Headquarters (联合国总部)
The most striking view may be the towering flag poles from which fly the flags of the member states arranged in alphabetical order. United Nations Day is celebrated each year on 24 October.
最引人注目的风景是联合国成员国高耸的旗杆，这些旗杆按字母顺序排列。联合国日是每年的10月24号。
III. Chicago (芝加哥)
Chicago is the second largest city in population in the United States. The city is now the largest industrial city in the country. The working class in Chicago has a glorious revolutionary tradition.
芝加哥是美国的第二大人口城市，也是美国最大的工业城市。芝加哥的工人阶级有着光荣的革命传统。
IV. Los Angeles (洛杉矶)
1. Los Angeles is situated near the Pacific coast in California. It is an important center of shipping, industry and communication.
2. California is a leading state in the production of electronic products and the area of Los Angeles has grown into an important electronic center.
1. 洛杉矶位于加利福尼亚州太平洋海岸。它是重要的渔业，工业和通讯业中心。
2. 加利福尼亚州是电子产品的主要产地，洛杉矶已经发展成为重要的电子中心。
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美文学美国部分——浪漫主义时期 Part two: American Literature Chapter 1 The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期 1. From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s L eaves of Grass. It is also called “the American Renaissance”.浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末，到内战爆发为止，华盛顿.欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端，惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。（也可称为“美国德文艺复兴”） 2. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.对逃离社会，回归自然的渴求成为美国文学的一个永恒的话题。 3. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.美国清教作为一种文化遗产，对美国人的道德观念产生了很大的影响。 4. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 在霍桑，麦尔维尔以及其他一些小作家的作品种加尔文主义的原罪思想和罪恶的神秘性都得到了充分的表现。 5. The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period is New England Transcendentalism.美国浪漫主义文学运动足能标炳的是新英格兰的超验主义运动。 6. This Transcendentalist group includes two of the most significant writers America has produced so far, Emerson and his young friend, Henry David Thoreau, whose writing has a strong impact on American literature.超验主义文学的主要代表是爱默生和梭罗，他们的作品对美国文学产生了很大的影响。 7. Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.”超验主义承认“人类具有本能了解或认识真理的能力，能够超过感官获取知识”。 8. Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of you own mind.” Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.爱默生曾说过：“只有人心灵的尊严才是最神圣的”。超验主义还认为自然是高尚的，个人是神圣的，因此人必须自助。 9. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psychological romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding.美国浪漫主义时期的小说富有独创性，多样性，与华盛顿.欧文的喜剧性寓
美国文学史习题 (1)
I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’) 1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant. 2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____. 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism? 4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.
5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___. 6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___ and Thoreau. 7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? 8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.
英美概况习题
American Survey Test 地理 1. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range. A. eastern B. western C. northeastern 2. In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level. A. California B. Utah C. Arizona 3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus. A. Rocky Mountain B. Coast Range C. Cascades Mountains 4. The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia Plateaus A. Great Basin B. Colorado Valley C. Great Plains 5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____. A. California B. Arizona C. Wyoming 6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River. A. Arizona B. Utah C. Montana 7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States. A. Erie B. Superior C. Michigan 8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical. A. Florida B. Georgia C. Virginia 9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river. A. Potomac B. Delaware C. St. Laurence 10. The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____ metres. A. 1650, 50 B. 1240, 49 C. 1540, 49 11. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America. A. The southern B. The northeastern C. The western 12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____. A. Idaho B. Arizona C. Nevada D. Utah 13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”. A. Philadelphia B. Plymouth C. Boston 14. About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United States. A. half B. one third C. two thirds 15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____. A. Appalachian B. Mekinley C. Rocky 16. Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range. A. Sierra Nevada B. Cascades C. Alaska 17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____. A. New York B. San Francisco C. Miami 18. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____. A. Superior B. Ontario C. Victoria 19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____. A. Erie and Michigan B. Erie and Ontario C. Superior and Haron 20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests. A. 1/4 B. 1/5 C. 1/3