非谓语动词特殊用法

非谓语动词特殊用法：

一.下列情况用不定式：

①.sth. be adj(hard\difficult\easy\heavy) to do The question is difficult to answer.

②.sb. have sth. to do I have a lot of work to do.

③.There be sth. to do\to be done There is nothing to talk about.

④.find (think\feel\consider\make\believe)it adj to do sth

⑤There is no need to do.

⑥一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语，（except, but除外）

He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. She did nothing but cry.

注：不定式作结果/程度状语常见五种结构:

①so….as to do 如此…以致②such…as to do如此…以致③enough(…)to do 足以④too…to do… 太…

而不能⑤only to do 结果/未曾料到------做了某事

二．在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + doing；be busy (in) +doing；There is no point (in) + doing”等结构中，in常要省去。

The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。

There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。三．在（be）worth后面只能用-ing的主动态来表示被动意义。

His suggestion is worth considering,此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered.

四．下列动词既可不定式作宾语也可不定式作宾补：want\expect\wish\promise +(sb) to do

五．get\ have \ leave\keep +sb doing (使…处于某状态) I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting.

六．注意下列动词的用法：

allow \ advise\forbid\permit\intend (sb) \consider（认为\考虑）sb to do\ doing

be used to do被用来做某事doing习惯做某事

can't help doing 情不自禁做某事\ to do不能帮助做某事

love，like ，prefer doing一般性经常动作\ to do 一次性动作

need，require，want (需要) doing= to be done

try to do 试图做某事\ doing 试着做某事

start，begin，continue,（两种形式意义区别不大）doing\ to do

stop to do 去做另一事\ doing 停止做某事

go on to do 继续做另一件事\ doing 继续做同一件事

mean to do 想要做某事\ doing 意味做某事

remember, forget, regret doing ing动作先于谓动\ to do 不定式动作后于谓动

catch + sb doing (撞见某人正在做某事) I caught a man stealing my purse.

七．固定搭配：必须用-ed做状语

be located in be fixed on be buried in be locked be lost in thought be dressed in be caught in the rain be separated from be satisfied with be seated be engaged in be armed with eg.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

八．独立成分作状语

Generally speaking 一般来说judging from 根据…来判断

Frankly speaking 坦白的说considering 考虑到

To tell you the truth 说实话

九．特殊逻辑主语及复合结构

1. 名词/主格代词+不定式(作状语)He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.

借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

特殊结构：1) It +be +adj +for sb to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。（此处形容词描述事情。）Eg. It is very important for us to learn English.

2) It +be +adj +of sb to do sth 表示“做某事某人怎么样”（此处形容词描述人的品质、修养等。）

Eg.It is kind of you to help me.

2主格代词/名词+doing (作状语) eg.The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。3形物代/名词所有格+doing(作主语,)eg.His arriving added to our difficulties.

My brother’s telling lies made me very angry.

4 形物代/宾格/名词所有格/名词普通格+doing (作宾语)eg.He suggested our/us trying it once again.

5主格代词/名词+done (作状语) Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。十．独立主格结构

独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。(主从句主语不一致，从句可变为非谓语，带有自己的逻辑主语)

常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：

1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：

The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：

The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：

An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。

5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：

He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。

6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：

The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。

7. There being +名词（代词）如：

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。

8. It being +名词（代词）如：

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

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worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

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