英语前后缀-语法汇总

?一.表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点)
dishonorable(不光彩的)
disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect(不正确的),
inability(无能,无力),
inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible(不顺能的),
impolite(不礼貌的),
impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal(非法的),
illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)
illogical(不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以r开头的词前
irregular(不稳定的),
irresistable(不可抵抗的),
irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished(未完成的)
undoubted(无疑的)
unemployment(失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand(误解),
misjudge(误判),
misleading(误导),
misfortune(不幸)
9.dis-加地动词之前
disappear(消失),
disarm(解除武装),
disconnect(失去联系)
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize(遣散;使…复员)
decolor (脱色, 漂白)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese(抗日战争),
anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),
antidite(解毒药)
12.counter-加在名词、动词前
counterattack(反攻,反击),
counteract(抵抗,阻碍)
counterrevolution(反革命)

二.表示“前before”的前缀
1.pre-
preconception(成见),
pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),
pre-selection(选举前的)
preface(前言)
2.Ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),
antecessor(先行者,先驱者)
3.Fore-
forehaed(前额),
foreground(前景),
foreman(工头,领班),
foresee(预见,先见),
foretell(预言)
4.Pro-
programme(计划),
prologue(序幕)
5.Ex-
ex-president(前任总统)
ex-wife(前妻)

三.表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-
post-war(战后),
post-position(后置词),
postmeridian(下午)

四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.Hypo-
Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),
hypothesis(假设),
pypocholoride(次氯酸盐)
2.Infra-
Infra-red(红外线),
infrahuman(低于人类的),
infrasonic(亚声的,次声的)
3.Sub-
Sub-editou(副编辑),
sub-way(地铁),
sub-conscious(下意识的),
submarine(海下的),
subtropical(亚热带的),
subtitle(副标题)

五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.Re-
Refuel(给

…加油),
retranslate(再译),
reinforce(加强),
reconstruct(重建),
return(返回)
2.Retro-
Retrograde(倒退的),
retrospect(回顾)

六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.Co-
co-exist(共存),
co-operate(合作),
co-education(男女同校)

七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.Inter-
Interchangeble(可互换的),
interdipendert(互相依靠的),
international(国际的),
inter-national(交往)

八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.Ec-
Eclipse(蚀),
ecstasy(狂想)
2.Extra-
Extraordinary(非凡的),
extramural(校外的),
extrasensory(超感觉的)

九.表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),
preterhuman(超人的)

十.其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic(自动的),
auto-autobilgraphy(自传)
2.mal-坏,恶
Malnutrition(营养不良),
maltreat(虐待)
3.Micro-
Microscope(显微镜),
microtome(切片机)
4.Tele-远
Telegram(电报),
telephone(电话),
telescope(望远镜)
5.Demi-,semi-hemi-
Semi-circle(半圆),
hemisphere(半球),
demilune(半月,新月)
6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)
Monotone(单调),
monologue(独白),
uniform(制服)
7.Bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),
biweekly(二周一次的),
dichloride(二氯化物)
8.Tri-三
Triangle(三角),
tripld(三角架)
9.Multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),
multi-national(多国的)
10.Poly –多
Polygon(多角形),
polytomic(多原子的)
11.Arch-首领
archbishop(大主教),
architect(建筑师)
12.bene-善,好
benefit(利益),
benevolence(善意)
13.homo-同
homosexual(同性恋的),
homograph(同形异义字)
14.neo新
neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),
neolithic(新石器时代的)
15.ortho-正确,直
orthogonal(直角的),
orthodox(正统)
16.philo-挚爱
philosopher(哲学家)
17.proto-原始
protohydrogen(初氢),
prototype(原型),
protoplasm(原生质)
18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的
pseudonym(匿名),
pseudo-communism(假共产主义)
19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自
avoid(避免),
absent(缺少的),
abstain(抑制),
abstract(吸引)
20.Apo-,aph-来自
apology(道歉,谢罪),
apostle(倡言者,先驱)
21.se-分离
separation(分开),
secure(安全的),
sedition(煽动叛乱)
22.para-防
parachute(降落伞),
23.omni-所有的,公共的
omnibus(公

共汽车),
omnipotence(万能)
24.pan-全,泛
Pan-American(全美的),
pancean(万灵药),
panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)
25.panto-全
pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),
pantoscopic(视野广大)
26.dia-通过,借以
diagonal(对角的),
diagnosis(诊断),
dialogue(对话)
27.Per-通过,彻底,不利
perambrlate(走来走去),
perfect极好的
28.trans-通过,横过
transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),
translation(翻译),
trxnsparent(透明的),
transport(运输),
trans-plant(移植)
29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全
comment(评论),
compile(编辑),
correlation(相互关系),
collect(收集),
corruption(贪污腐败),
collaborate(合作,合著) ,
common(共同的)
30.syn-共同
synonym(同义词),
synchronization(同步),
syntonic(谐振的),
synthetic(人工的,合成的)
31.meta-和,在……之后
metaphor(比喻),
metaphysics(形而上学)
32.Cis-在这一边
cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)
33.pen-几乎,相近
peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的)
34.en-,em-往……里,使……
encamp(扎营),
enable(使……能),
endear(使……受喜爱),
embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))
35.intro内在
intracardiac(心脏内部的),
intramolecular(分子内部的),
intracelular(细胞内部的)
36.intro-到……中
introduce(介绍),
introspect(反省,内省)
37.dys-坏
dyspepsia(消化不良),
dysentry(痢疾)
38.Eu-优,美好
eulogy(颂词),
euphony(悦耳的声音)
39.ambi-,amphi-两者
amphibian(两栖的),
ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)
40.penta-五
pentagon(五角大楼),
pentagram(五角星),
pentameter(五步诗句)
41.sex-六
sexangle(六角),
sexennial(六年一度的)
42. sept-七
September九月(古罗马的七月),
septennial(七年一度)
43.hepta-七
heptab(七个成套之物),
heptagon(七角形)
44.octa-,octo,oct八
octagon(八角形),
octuple(八倍)
October (十月)
45.nona-,ennea-九
nonagon(九角形),
ennead(九个一组)
46.deci-,deca-十
decimal(十进位的),
decagramme(十克)
47.centi-百
centimeter(厘米),
centipede(蜈蚣)
48.milli-千
millenias(千年的),
millimeter(毫米)
49.Kilo-千
kilowatt(千瓦),
kilometer(千米)

后缀
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)
例词:gamester,

gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)
例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet
3.-ette意为:
(1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette
(2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette
(3)女性(female)例词: usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)
例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)
例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)
例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)
例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful
8.-tion,-ion意为:
1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion
2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement
10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism

二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify
2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate

三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)
例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)
例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)
例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
4.-like意为:像……的(like)
例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)
例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy

,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)
例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)
例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)
例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped
9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)
例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)
例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)
例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)
例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)
例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive

四、副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)
例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)
例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)
例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)
例词:weatherwise ,educationwise 有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.
例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting

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