适合北外翻硕复习的同学来练习的翻译题

文学翻译

英译汉：

FuneralSermon for Mammy Caroline Barr

William Faulkner

Caroline has known me all my life. It was my privilegeto see her out of hers. After my father’s death, to Mammy I came to representthe head of that family to which she has given a half-century of fidelity anddevotion. But the relationship between us never became that of master andservant. She still remained one of my earliest recollections, not only as aperson, but as a fount of authority over my conduct and security for myphysical welfare, and of active and constant affection and love. She was anactive and constant precept for decent behavior. From her I learned to tell thetruth, to refrain from waste, to be considerate of the weak and respectable tothe age. I saw fidelity to a family which was not hers, devotion and love forpeople she had not borne.

She was born in bondage and with a dark shin and mostof her early maturity was passed in dark and tragic time for the land of herbirth. She went through vicissitudes which she had not caused; she assumedcares and griefs which were not even her care and griefs. She was paid wagesfor this, but pay is still just money. And she never received much of that, sothat she never laid up anything of this world’s goods. Yet she accepted thattoo without cavil or calculation or complaint, so that by that failure sheearned the gratitude and affection of the family she had conferred the fidelityand devotion upon and gained the grief and regret of the aliens who loved andlost her.

She was born and lived and served, and died and now ismourned; if there is heaven, she has gone there.

汉译英：

这种年节序幕，由腊月初八起，就都带有文化色彩，说轻松一点，带有很大的游戏性。腊八这天，要煮粥喝粥，叫做腊八粥。本来年底一切庄稼都收获了，好像要刻意展览一下全年收成的丰富多彩，便发明了这么一种腊八粥。

其实，原本佛教早有腊八熬粥供佛的规矩，用大锅熬，装数石米，供佛之后施舍给远近的穷人。皇帝还有赐粥百官的习惯。传入民间，更具欢乐性，一年辛苦之后来个庆丰收大锅熬，岂不欢快，挺好。

最具戏剧性的要算二十三祭灶了。老年间家家供奉着一位老神仙，他叫灶王爷，此公每年腊月二十三要升天，向老天爷汇报一年里人间的好坏。于是，家家都买些麦芽糖，用糖把老神仙的嘴糊上，极尽“贿赂”之能事，让他到天上只说好话不说坏话，报喜不报忧。这种近乎开玩笑的祭神仪式，家家却都以极严肃的态度去操作，更显得极富人情味儿，孩子们的嘴则是供桌上的糖瓜儿的真正归宿。

答案及翻译分析：文化翻译英译汉：为卡洛琳·巴尔大妈所致的悼词卡洛琳自我出生以来一直跟我相熟，能为她送终是我莫大的荣幸。家父去世后，我在大妈眼里就成了一家之主（to her I…“在她眼里”比“对她来说”要更有表达意义，the head of the family，“主人”或“领导”来指head 都有所欠佳，表达不出对大妈的敬意，“一家之主”就好多了。），大妈为这个家庭忠心耿耿地奉献了半个世纪（fidelity和devotion两个名词进行了改译处理。“忠心耿耿地奉献”既表达出了原文的意思，也很符合中文的表达。注意“的地得”的区别。）。然而，我们之间从来都不是主仆关系。她至今还依然留在我最早的记忆中，不仅是作为一个人，而且是作为指导我的行为和保障我身体健康的源泉，也是积极而持久的深情厚爱的源泉（注意一个词fount，怎么样才能把这个意思顺通是最关键的。）。她还是正直行为的积极而持久的典范。从她那里，我学会了说实话，不浪费，体贴弱者，尊敬长者（注意短语中间没有用顿号，这是一种强调。另外注意“不浪费”怎么用英文表达。）。我见到了一

种对于并非是自家人的忠诚，对于并非是亲生子女的深情厚爱。（众所周知，考研不同于高考，每个学校的风格和套路都不一样，这篇文章细心的同学应该可以感觉到北外的选题风格，要有针对性的复习，建议大家可以选择靠谱稳妥的辅导班来帮助自己理清头绪，打牢基础，个人觉得爱考机构很专业。那里的老师还有多年帮助学生参加复试的经验，有几个同学就在那上的辅导课，复试时还免费帮助模拟场景，回答问题什么的。）

她生下来就处于受奴役的境地。她长着黑皮肤，在她长大成人的早期阶段，大部分时间是在她诞生地的黑暗而悲惨的岁月中度过的。她经历过盛衰变故，可那都不是她造成的；她体会到忧虑和悲伤，然而那都不是她自己的忧虑和悲伤。别人为此付给她工钱，可付给的仅仅是钱而已。何况她得到的从来就不多，因此她从未积下什么身外之物（注意表达）。可她还是接受了这一现实，毫不挑剔，毫不计较，毫不抱怨（表强调），正因为如此，她赢得了她奉献出耿耿忠心的一家人的感激和热爱，也获得了热爱她、失去她的异族人的哀悼和痛惜。她由出生到成长，到帮佣，到去世，如今受到哀悼；如果真有天堂的话，她一定到那里去了。翻译分析：这位黑佣人带大了福克纳和他的兄弟，全家人亲昵地称她为“大妈”（Mammy），大妈去世时，福克纳为她举行葬礼，亲自致悼词，还在墓碑上刻下碑文“她的白孩子祝福她”，福克纳这篇悼词情真意切，感人至深，翻译时要尽量做到情感上的共鸣，通读原文之后再动手。（此篇来源为我的课外练习书，读来感人，爱不释手，答案来源为外教社）原文中的一些地道表达：FuneralSermon for Mammy Caroline Barr William FaulknerCaroline has known me all my life. It was my privilegeto see her out of hers. After my father’s death, to Mammy I came to represent the head of that family to which she hasgiven a half-century of fidelity and devotion. But the relationship between usnever became that of master and servant. She still remained one of my earliest recollections, not only as aperson, but as a fount of authority over myconduct and security for my physical welfare, and of active and constantaffection and love. She was an active and constantprecept for decent behavior. From her I learned to tell the truth, to refrain from waste, to be considerate of the weakand respectable to the age. I saw fidelity to a family which was not hers,devotion and love for people she had not borne. She was born in bondageand with a dark shin and most of her early maturity was passed in dark andtragic time for the land of her birth. She went throughvicissitudes which she had not caused; sheassumed cares and griefs which were not even her care and griefs. Shewas paid wages for this, but pay is still just money. And she never receivedmuch of that, so that she never laid up anything ofthis world’s goods. Yet she accepted that too without cavil orcalculation or complaint, so that by that failure she earned the gratitude andaffection of the family she had conferred the fidelityand devotion upon and gained the grief and regret of the aliens wholoved and lost her. She was born and lived and served, and died and now ismourned; if there is heaven, she has gone there. 汉译英：翻译分析：因为汉语句子的意合性和英语句子的形合性，汉译英之前一定要通读原文，不能汉语是什么词就翻译成什么词，那样就真的是词不达意了，理解汉语想表达的意思之后，再尽量用地道英文表达出来，这是紧要的。（此篇来源为课堂作业，参考答案中的批注是老师讲的重点）This prelude to（介词的使用）the Spring Festival, which really began onthe 8th day of the 12th lunar month（不用非得把lunar calendar说出来，能够用简洁的表达方式表达意思就可以）, had a strong cultural color. To put itlightly, it was simply rather dramatic（游戏性，注意上下文）. On the 8thday of the last month in the year, people made something called 8th DayPorridge. It seemed this particular kind of porridge was designed with thepurpose of demonstrating the bumper harvest（注意地道表达）people hadjust enjoyed.Originallyit was a Buddhist tradition to make this kind of porridge as a sacrifice to theBuddha. People then used huge pots to make it （数石米的问题，这个涉及到汉语文化的传播，如果是专门介绍中国古

代计量单位系统的文章，那这个石必须得说明，一石等于多少公斤什么的，但在此处没有必要，因为这里主要是说佛教传统的，如果解释出来行文就显得没有主次）and alsotook part of the stew to divide among the poor people（“远近”就不用表达了）. There wasalso the tradition of emperors （这肯定不是某一个皇帝做的事儿，所以是复数）givingaway this kind of congee as a reward to court officials. When congee makingstruck roots among the general populace（注意选词）, itassumed （选词）a feature ofmerrymaking and harvest celebration（原文意思表达出即可）.What wasmore dramatic was making sacrifices to the kitchen god on the 23rd day of thelast lunar month. In the old days, every household had an image of a kitchengod placed in their home. The god was said to take a trip to heaven to reportthe situation（报告人间的情况，即是好坏）on earthto the heavenly god on every 23rd day of the last lunar month. Consequently,people always bought some malt sugar （选词）which they put on themouth of the statue of the kitchen god in the hope that, with his sweetenedtongue, the kitchen god would only report the good deeds of mankind（报喜不报忧，意思就是只报好事）.Interestingly, people did this almost fun-making ceremony with great sincerity.It should be noted that children were the real beneficiaries of what wasoffered to the kitchen god on the altar.