兰大考博英语试题
2001年
兰州大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生
英语考试试题
Section I
1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcasses
A. destroy
B. identify
C. Remove
D. compare
2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban
affairs
A. outlandish
B. Remote C exempted D. exclusive
3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making either would do.
A. advantageous
B. convenient
C. identifiable
D. equivalent
4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the system
was strengthened
A. continuation
B. beginning
C. expansion
D. Outcome
5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age the five Great Lakes of North America were formed
A. melted
B. advanced C evaporated D. exploded
6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores
or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows
A. a fortune
B. a dime
C. Much
D. quite lot
7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one
area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.
A. lawfully
B. Subsequently
C. Randomly
D. mercilessly
8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.
A. nongovernmental
B. unauthorized
C. confidential
D. nontransferable
9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are dormant
A. uncharted
B. unpredictable
C. Minor
D. inactive
10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.
A. independent of
B. near
C. obscured by
D. within
11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.
A. critical
B. unusual
C. Persistent
D. unexpected
12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least
as many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.
A. prospect
B. Stages
C. Aspect
D. activity
13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.
A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made
14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.
A. requiring
B. sending
C. buying
D. applying
15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.
A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend
16.In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some
distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.
A proscribing B. Protruding C. Provoking D. protracting
17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.
A. in addition to
B. in spite of
C. because of
D. with regard to
18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.
A. attacker
B. nourishment
C. enemies
D. victims
19.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,
A. absurd
B. Nourishment
C. tragic
D. unpardonable
20.How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two
hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?
A. only
B. at least
C. exactly
D. fewer than
Section II (20%)
21.Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.
A. when scientists began to appreciate
B. did scientists begin to appreciate
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate
D. the appreciation of scientists began
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper or
bismuth added for hardness.
A. widely used it
B. was widely used
C. which widely used
D. widely used
23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____by a woman, Judge Sarah
Tilghman Hughes.
A. was administered
B. being directed
C. was accomplished
D. of administration was
24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.
A. when
B. while
C. And
D. because
25.___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily
dependent on oil and gas.
A. As
B. Despite
C. Though
D. In case
26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.
A. increased
B. brought about
C. Evolved
D. resulted
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park surrounded by a number of
impressive government buildings.
A. located B- secluded C formed D. Spotted
28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bred
flocks, the reverse is the case.
A. in increase attention
B. with increasing attention
C. with attention increasing
D. in attention
29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to
act more effectively.
A. have brought about
B. had set up C have established D. had put up
30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we in
society.
A. to determine
B. determine
C. to the determination
D. by determining
31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the
onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.
A. with
B. in
C. By
D. at
32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.
A. message
B. the message
C. Messages
D. information
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.
A. being as more firmly
B. as more firmly
C. as being more firmly
D. as is more firmly
34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing expansion credited largely to the
Morrill Act of 1862.
A was B. because C. to which D. an
35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thus
extend their shelf life.
A. from becoming
B. becoming
C. to become
D. to becoming
36. Parents should realize that ……example is better than ____”
A. statement
B. lesson
C. Proverb
D. precept
37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, _____sometimes they are white,
various shades of brown or black.
A but that B. though C. however D. therefore
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.
A. Even
B. Why
C. Although
D. Nevertheless
39.___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.
A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plants
C. The spacing of plants is wide
D. Plants to be spaced widely
40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, _____interrupt previously continuous layers.
A. by which
B. which it
C. where they
D. thus it
考博英语历年真题
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef15859063.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解 1.This rock has to be_______in order to build a road. A.blasted B.explored C.hired D.maintained 2.He did not go to the party last night,which_______her feelings deeply. A.wounded B.injured C.hurt D.injury 3.When they returned to the river,they found that the boat had _______away. A.framed B.frosted C.frowned D.floated 4.If you need further information,please_______our office. A.constant B.construct C.contact D.contain 5.During the war,many soldiers were killed not by_______,but by disease. A.bulledts B.devil C.bible D.depth 6.We watched the ship until it became only a_______in the distance. A.point B.jar C.stove D.dot 7.The English proverb‘_______the rod and spoil the child’means that if you deep from punishing the child,you will spoil its character.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. A.rule B.rug C.clap D.spare
(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
(完整word版)【优质】兰大考博英语试题.doc
兰州大学 2003 年招收攻读博士学位研究生 英语考试试题 Section Ⅰ(20%) 1.To control intelligence in the attempt to insure only benevolent consequences would sentence the human race to ignorance, stagnation and decadence, and probably would be impossible. A. deception B. decline C. revelation D. disclosure 2. During the 1800s and early 1900s the academic disciplines such as chemistry and physics made great headway. A. sacrifice B. progress C. forefront D. preconceptions 3. The purpose of the law is to prevent discrimination on the grounds of. Sex A. nationality B. race C. gender D. profession 4. The governor`s helicopter hovered over the field for a long time before landing. A. stayed B. adjusted C. confronted D. subdued 5.The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from. A. loud B. frightening C. general D. indistinct 6.An understanding of the quantum theory is vital in the study of solid-state physics. A. helpful B. alive C. acquired D. essential
河北大学2005博士统考英语真题
河北大学2005年博士入学考试题 二、Structure and Vocabulary （20points） Direction：In each question decide which of the four choices given below will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. 1.When workers are organized in trade unions，employers find it hard lay them______ A. Off B. aside C. out D. down 2. A man who could ____such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strength A.bear upon B. insist on C. stand up to D. persist in 3. If this method doesn’t ___, we shall have to think of another way. A. come off B. come about C. come out D. come on 4.The____ of a chemical compound when brought into contact with another gives us clues to its composition. A .deed B. behavior C. characteristics D. correspondence 5. The chairman of the committee was delighted by the almost full __of its members at the conference. A. dependence B. absence C. attendance D. enrollment 6. The police are supposed to protect the people and their properties, ___evil conducts, guide traffic and so on. A. suppress B. depress C. frustrate D. condemn 7. John was proved innocent, for it was just a (n) _____to have found him on the murder spot. A. coincidence B. accident C. occasion D. incident 8. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____will down the economy. A. knock B. drag C. settle D. put 9.It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I____ my pocket calculator A.turned over B. turned to C. turned in D. turned out 10.The founding of the United Nations ____people’s longing for peace.
2017年上海交通大学考博英语试题回忆
2017年上海交通大学博士入学测试英语试题回忆 阅读理解Passage One Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II. In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level. In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters. One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The construction of apartments in the United States. (B) Causes and effects of rent control (C) The fluctuations of rental prices (D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States. 2. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California? (A) rapid population growth (B) inflation (C) economic conditions during wartime (D) record-high housing prices 3. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to (A) protect tenants
2017武大考博英语试题及答案
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
哈工大考博英语真题及答案
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题
2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题 I.Cloze (1x10=10%) Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Some kids have a hard time 1 to the new freedom that they acquire when they leave high school and come to college. Here you are able to choose 2 or not you want to go to class. However, this responsibility comes with a great price. If you do not go to class, you may miss an important lecture and these are very critical when it comes time for the test that is fifty percent of your grade. With this responsibility I have learned how to manage my time more 3 . 4 hating every minute of school, I value it 5 a time for me to prepare for the big test. This new schedule has also changed me in that now I 6 school is worth my time. I do not dread going to class. Yes, it is boring some of the time but since I only have two to four classes a day for only four days out of the week, it is not as 7__ as high school. Also many of my courses require more in depth thinking. As an alternative to doing worksheets and 8 simple questions, college courses call 9 _ analysis and thought. Almost all of my homework now is writing papers and reading books. These to this routine, I have been able to investigate and recognize meaning more 10 and it has helped me in my thought process. 1. A) content B) to adopt C) finding D) adjusting 2. A) where B) when C) whether D) if 3. A) effective B) efficiently C) effort D) affect 4. A) Instead of B) Rather than C) Instead D) Other than 5. A) for B) upon C) as D) with 6. A) should like B) feel like C) look like D) would like 7. A) unpleasant B) pleasant C) enjoyable D) misfortune 8. A) answered B) answer C) answering D) to answer 9. A) in B) for C) up D) about 10. A) likely B) prepared C) ready D) readily II.Reading comprehension (20x2=40%) Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Passage 1 Extremely refined behaviour, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behaviour in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castles from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on an a inferior form in simple popular