西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析
I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points)
EXAMPLE:
I was caught_the rain yesterday.
A.in
B.by
C.with
D.at
ANSWER:(A)
l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years.
A.to
B.between
C.against
D.with
2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___
A.in
B.with
C.among
D.by
3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply.
A.hundred of
B.hundreds
C.hundreds of
D.hundred
4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help.
A.whether
B.unless
C.so that
D.in case
5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__.
A.more better
B.still better
C.nicely
D.best
6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f3907687.html,ck of
B.are lacking of
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f3907687.html,ck
D.are in lack
7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
that he felt__lonely.
A.nothing but
B.anything but
C.all but
D. everything but
8.Grace__tears when she heard the sad news.
A.broke in
B.broke into
C.broke off
D.broke through
9.She refused to__the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.
A.hand in
B.hand out
C.hand down
D.down
10.Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes__to American audiences.
A.around
B.over
C.across
D.down
11.The book contained a large__of information.
A.deal
B.amount
C.number
D.sum
12.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable_to the total cost of the prod-uct.
A.proportion
B.correlation
C.connection
D. correspondence
13.When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to_her umbrella.
A.carry
B.fetch
C.bring
D.reach
14.We must_that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.
A.assure.
B.secure
C.ensure
D.issue
15.He was knocked down by a car and badly_
A.injured
B.damaged
C.harmed
D.ruined
Ⅱ.Each of the three passages below is followed by some Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi questions.For each question there are four answer.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the ques-tions.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)
1.In May l989,space shuttle"Atlantis"released in outer space the space probe"Megallan",which is now on her15-month and
one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus.A new phase in space exploration has begun.
The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth;it is the only other object in the solar system,in fact,that even comes close to earth's size.Venus has a similar density,so it is proba-bly made of approximately the sanle stuff,and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds.It is also the closest planet to earth,and thus the most similar in distance from the sun.In short,Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of"earth's twin."
The surface temperature of Venus reaches some900F.Added to that is an atmospheric pres-sure about90times Earth's:High overhead in the carbon dioxide that passes for air is a layer of clouds,perhaps IO to20miles thick,whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric
acid(H2SO4).Water is all but nonexistent.
Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth,how did Venus get to be so radically different:It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes,Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth.It has no earth's oceans, so the heat trans-port and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition,the planet Venus takes243earth-days to turn once on its axis,so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at
a more leisurely,observable pace.
16.Venus is similar to Earth in__
A.size and density
B.distance from the sun
C.having atmosphere
D.all of the above
17.The greatest value in studying Venus should be to__
A.allow us to visit there
B.understand Earth better
C.find a new source of energy
D.promote a new space program
18.The main idea of this passage is about_
A.problems of space travel
B.scientific methods in space exploration
C.the importance of Venus to Earth
D.conditions on Venus
2.Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome's main avenues.Italy's political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about200,OOO women in a parading proces-sion that took more than three hours to snake
through central Rome.
Shouting slogans,waving flags and dancing to drumbeats,the women had come to the capi-tal from all over Italy to demonstrate for"a job for each of us,a different type of job,and a soci-ety without violence".So far,action to improve women's opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrtal bargaining."But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough, "says a researcher on female labor at the govemment-funded Institute for the Develop-ment of Professional Training for Workers.
Women,who constitute52per cent of Italy's population,today represent only35per cent of Italy's total workforce and33per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs.However,their presence in the workplace is growing.The employment of women is expanding considerably in services,next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace.Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves.Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment.It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared,so that banks and other financial institutes make judgements on purely business con-siderations without caring if it is a man or a woman.
Such changes are occurring in the professions too.The number of women doctors,dentists,lawyers,engineers and university
professors increased two to three fold.Some of the changes are immediately visible.For example,women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police,railway workers and street cleaner.
However,the present situation is far from satisfactoty though some progress has been made.A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.
19.The expression"snake through central Rome"probably means "to move_
A.quietly through central Rome"
B.violently through central Rome"
C.in a long winding line through central Rome"
D.at a leisurely pace through central Rome"
20.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.There are more women than men in Italy.
B.In Italy,women are chiefly employed in services.
C.In Italy,women are still at a disadvantage in employment.
D.In Italy,about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.
21.About200,OOO women in Rome demonstrated for_
A.more job opportunities
B.a greater variety of jobs
C."equal job,equal pay"
D.both A and B
22.The best title for this passage would be_
A.The Role of Women is Society
B.Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment
C.Women as Selfenlployed Professionals
3."The old idea that talanted children"burn themselves out"in the early years,and,therefore,are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness if unfounded.As a matter of fact,the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.
To find this out,l,500gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:
On adult intelligence tests,they scored as high as they had as children.They were,as a group,in good health,physically and mentally.84per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.
About70per cent had graduated from college,though only30per cent had graduated with honors.A few had even dropped out,but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.
Of the men,80per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs.The women who had remained single had office,business,or professional occupations.
The group had published90books and1,500articles in scientific, scholarly,and literary magazines and had collected more than100 patents.
In a material way they did not do badly either.Average income was considerably higher a-mong the gifted people,especially the men, than for the country as a whole,despite their com-parative youth.
In fact,far from being strange,most of the gifted were turning their early promise into prac-tical reality.
23.The old idea that talented children"bum themselves out"in the early years is_
A.true in all senses
B.refuted by the author
C.medically proven
D.a belief of the author
24.The survey of bright children was made to
A.find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults
B.prove that talented children"burn themselves out"in the early years
C.discover the percentage of those mentaUy ill among the gifted
D.prove that talented children never bum themselves out
25.Intelligence tests showed that_
A.bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy
B.between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence
C.talented children were most likeLy to become gifted adults
D.when talented children grew into adults,they made low scores
Ⅲ.For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SrmET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(1O point)
No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year
2001.Many books have been written_26__the future.But the
19th-century French novelist Jules Veme may be called a futurologist in the fullest_27__of the word.In his fantastic novels"A Trip to the Moon"and"80Days Around the World",he described'with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.These novels still have a great attraction_28__young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.
Below is a description of what our life will be in the year2001 as predicted by a_29___writ-er.
In2001,in the home,cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.
Television will provide information on prices at the_30__shops as well as news and enter-tainment.Videophones will bring pictures as well as_31____to telephone conversations.
Machines will control temperature,lighting,entertainment, security alarms,laundry and gardening.
Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.
At work,robots will take_32___most jobs in the manufacturing industries.Working hours will fall to under30hours a week.Holidays will get longer;six weeks will be the normal annual holiday.Men and women will retire at the sarlle age.
Our leisure will be different too.The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games.More people will eat out in restaurants_33_they do today;al-so they will have
a much wider variety of food available.There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu.New synthetic foods will form a_34____part of people's diets.
Foreign travel will_35__;winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.
26. A.in B.of C.abou t D.for
27. A.sense B.meaning C.detail D.implication
28. A.for B.of C.on D.towards
29.A.today B.nowadays C.present-day D.present
30. A.near B.nearby C.nearly D.nearer
31. A.noise B.sound C.tone D.tune
32. A.to B.away C.off D.over
33. A.than B.as C.when D.while
34. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f3907687.html,ual B.popular C.daily D.regular
35. A.add B.increase C.raise D.arise
IV.Each of the follnwing sentence has four underlined parts. These parts are labelled A,B,C and D.Identify the part of sentence that is incomect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence,wite down your correction nn the line in the ANSWER SHEET.(IO points) EXAMPLE:
You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because the_re's
hardly something Jeft.
ABCD
ANSWER:(C)anything
36.Alice was having A trouble to controlB the children because there wereC so manyD of them.
37.We were very much surprisedA that theB village was suchC long way fromDthe road.
38.John's chance of being electedA chairmanB of the committee is farC greater than DickD.
39."We have wonA a Bgreat victory onC our enemyD,"the captain said.
40.There are many valuable servicesA which the public are willing to pay forB,but which does not bringC a return in moneyD to the community.
41.The law I am referringA require that everyoneB who ownsC
a car haveD accident insurance.
42."I considered itA a honorB to be invited to addressC the meeting of world-famousD scientists,"said Professor Leacock.
43.He was seeingA somebody creepingB into the house throughC the openD window last night.
44.The reason forA all theB changes being madeC has not explainedD to us yet.
45.Even thoughA the children pretended asleepB,the nurses were not deceivedC whenD they came in-to the room.
V.Fill in the blanks with the appmpriate fnmts of the verbs given in the brackets.Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.(IO point) EXAMPLE:
It is highly desirable that a new president_(appoint)for this college.ANSWER:(should)be_appointed
46.Buying clothes_(be)very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nice-Iy.
47.They keep telling us it is of utmast importance that our representative_(send)to the conference on schedule.
48.I must call your attention to the directions.Read them carefully and act as_(in-struct).
49.Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate_(hear) from you soon.
50.I_(call)to make an airline reservation,but I didn't.
51.If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore,we_ __(not have)to pick him up in the boat.
52.After twenty years abroad,William came back only_(find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.
53.The lecture_(begin),he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leav-ing disturbed the speaker.
54.The children were surprised when the teacher had them_(cloes) their books unex-pectedly.
55.A new road will be built here,and therefore a number of existing houses_(have to destroy).
Ⅵ.Translate the following into English(15points)
56.你应该仔细核对全部资科,以避免严重错误.
57.尽管这个实验复杂,他们决心按时把它完成c
58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知.
59.只有那些不怕困难的人,才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果.
60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说,不如说更像是新闻报导.
Ⅶ.Tanslate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese.(20point)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why me person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Sociat scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.(61)They want to explain why we poesess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear arlswers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as"nature as nurture.".
(62)Those who suppqrt the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.(63)That our environment has lit-tle,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains
that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed bv our instincts.
Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists.They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based in-stincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.(64)The behaviorists main-tain that,like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence,of-fered by the two theories.(65) Supponers of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say.They don't believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetemlined charac-tedstic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences.(66)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound.(67)In the United States,blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some"na-ture"
proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.(68)Behaviorists,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy..
Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
北京大学考博英语模拟题14
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f3907687.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
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2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、ⅠReadingComprehension 二、Passage1 Speechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnatural tomanaswalkingandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceus thatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insob erfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatt erfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybrought intoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalh eredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,the veryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobe primarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,th enormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearnthear t,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirth,orevenfromthemomentofconception,totake onallthoseexpendituresofnervousenergyandallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalkin g.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman. Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk ,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisbornnotmerelyinnature,butinthelapofasoc ietythatiscertain,reasonablycertain,toleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthere iseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustasce rtainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsys temofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmenti ntowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyalienone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhi snewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelya tvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatva riesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabil ityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfr omsocialgrouptosocialgroup,becauseitisapurelyhistoricalheritage,theproductoflong-cont inuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries-notasconsciously,perhaps,butnoneth elessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walki ngisanorganic,instinctivefunction,speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,"cultural"functio n. (1).ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage"istheclosestinmeaningto______. " A.thisisnotthecasewithlanguage " B.soislanguageandnotanythingelse " C.nosuchathingexistsinlanguage " D.notsomuchwithlanguage A.√ B. C. D. 解析：细节推理题。Notsolanguage承接首段的最后一句话，将language与walking进行对比，上文提及"行走是人类与生俱来的一种生物功能"，而语言则不是。选项A与文中的意思最接近。故答案为A。
2011北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
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