(完整)初中形容词副词专题精讲

(完整)初中形容词副词专题精讲
(完整)初中形容词副词专题精讲

中考形容词副词专题精讲

一、形容词的一般用法

1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。

例如,it’s a cold and windy day.

2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。

例如,he looks happy today.

3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。

例如,would you like something hot to drink?

4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。

例如,how long is the river?it’s about two hundred metres long.

5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的

例如,the man is ill.(正)

the ill man is my uncle.(误)

6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,my elder brother is in beijing.(正)

my brother is elder. (误)

7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的

8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的english-speaking 说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made 人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。

二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词

a small round table一张小圆桌

a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物

a dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣

a famous american medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院

三、形容词常用句型

1.“it’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。

注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。

例如,it’s very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。

it’s very rude of her to say such words.(=she is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。

it’s foolish of him to go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。

2.“it’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来

说怎么样”。

注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),

hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。

例如,it’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。

it’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=to listen to teachers carefully is very important

for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。

it’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=to get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。

3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。

例如,glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。

i’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。

4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。

例如,lei feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。

he is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。副词

-命题趋势

副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。

-考查重点

中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中,频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,时间副词already,yet,still,just,疑问副词how,why,when,where,程度副词enough,quite以及too,also,either 等的用法区别,副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。

一、副词的分类

副词按词汇意义可分为:

方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly

程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite

地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home,

时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still

频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never

否定副词:no,not,neither,nor,

疑问副词:where,how,why

其他:also,too,only

二、副词的基本用法:

副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

例如,1.we should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。

2.he is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。

3.“what happened?”i asked,rather angrily.“发生什么事情了?”我相当生气地问。

4. in spring,i can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。

三、常见副词用法辨析

1.already与yet的区别

already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”

例如,he had already left when i called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。

have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?

i haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。

注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末

例如:has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?(表示很惊讶)

2 very,much和very much.的区别

very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much.

例如,john is very honest.约翰非常诚实。

this garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。

thank you very much.非常感谢你

3.so与such的区别

⑴so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,

例如,my brother runs so fast that i can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。

he is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。

⑵so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.

such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“s uch+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”,

. 例如,he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。

it is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)

it is so cold weather.(误)

they are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。(正)

they are so good students. (误)

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初中英语形容词和副词讲义

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4.以辅音字母+y结 变y为i,再加-er,-est happy happier happiest 尾的双音节词 5.少数以-er, -ow结 直接加-er; -est clever cleverer cleverest 尾的双音节词 6.多数双音节词 在原级前加more, most difficult More difficult Most difficult 多音节词和 2.常见的不规则变化: 原级 比较级最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many much more most little, less least far farther farthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法: 【原级的用法】 ①肯定句型: as + 形容词(副词)原级+ as…意思是“与……一样” 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。 The boy is as clever as his brother. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。 Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. ②否定句型: not so/as + 形容词(副词)原级+as…意思是“不如……“ 猴子不如大象强壮。 Monkeys are not so strong as elephants. 【比较级的用法】 1、比较级+than

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名词)。American 财(材)代表中心名词构成材料的形容词。wooden,stone,plastic 村子附近有一座漂亮的古代石桥。 I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday. 昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒。 They have got such a round brown wooden table. 他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。 考点三形容词变副词的方法 1.大多数形容词在词尾加-ly。 careful—carefully,quick—quickly,bright—brightly 2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,把y变成i,再加-ly。 easy—easily,happy—happily,lucky—luckily 3.以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词,去e再加-ly。 true—truly 4.以le结尾的形容词,去e再加-y。 terrible—terribly,simple—simply,possible—possibly 考点四形容词、副词的比较等级 1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的概念和构成: 英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er/-est或在词前加more/most,属于规则变化,但也有少数是不规则的变化。 (1)规则变化 情况构成方式原级比较级最高级 一般情况 加-er或 -est old旧的 fast快的 older faster oldest fastest 以e结尾的词加-r或-st late晚的later latest 以“辅音+ y”结尾的双 音节词 变y为i,再加 -er或-est early早的 happy高兴的 earlier happier earliest happiest

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初中英语专题复习—形容词、副词(总结版)

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