中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练

中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练
中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练

中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练

1. 定语从句的概念:在复合句中,用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后,对先行词起修饰限定作用。e.g. He is the manwho I want tosee.

先行词关系词定语从句

2. 定语从句的引导词:

定语从句的引导词有关系代词that,which,who(whom,whose)和关系副词where, when, why两种,关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。

3. 关系代词引导的定语从句:

①如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词,关系代词应用who(whom,whose)和that。

e.g. Thisis XiaoWang who / that gaveus a talk yesterday. (who/ t hat在从句中作主语)

这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。

The man whom/ that you sawlastweek has left the town. (whom / that在从句中作宾语)

上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。

Iknowthewomanwhose husband is a doctor. (whose在从句中作定语)

我认识的那个妇女,她的丈夫是个医生。

②如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词时,则用which或that。

e.g. Guilin isacitywhich/ that has a historyof2000years.(which / that在从句子中作主语)

桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。

The mooncakes which/ thatmother cooked taste nice. (which /that在从句中作宾语)

妈妈做的月饼很好吃。

4. 关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面:

①关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。

e.g. Theman who livesdownstairs speaks English well.

住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。

Thestudentswho are inGradeThree aregoing to climb thehilltomorrow.

3年级的学生明天去爬山。

②当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,往往可以省略。

e.g. Mrs.Smith(whom) youmetyesterday is a friendof mine.

你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。

This isthe book(which) you are lookingfor.

这是那本你正在找的书。

Therearesomefilms(that)I’d like tosee.有几部电影我想去看。

③口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who,且也可以省略。

e.g. The man (whom/ who) you weretalking about has come toourschool.

你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。

④关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,介词可以放在whom, which之前(不可放在that之前)

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e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from isLi Lei.

→ Theman from whomI borrowedthe book is Li Lei.

我借书的那个人是李雷。

The house(which) he lives in isquitelarge.

→ The house in which he lives is quite large.

他住的房子很大。

应注意,如果介词位于关系代词之前,关系代词不可省略,另外,若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组,则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。

e.g. The dictionary whichyou are looking for is on thedesk. 你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。

The sickmanwhom she is taking careof is her farther.她在照顾的病人是她父亲。

5.关系代词只能用that的几种情况:(只作了解)

①当先行词是everything, anything,nothing,none, the one (somethin g除外)等不定代词时。

e.g. I had to remember everythingthatthe teacher taught me.我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。

②先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。

e.g. Hewas the firststudentthat got toschooltoday. 他是今天第一个到学校的学生。

③先行词是或被all,no,some, any, little, much,few等修饰时。

e.g. Ihavedone allthat he told us todo. 我已完成了他让我做的一切。

④先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

e.g. He workedoutthemost difficultproblem thatIhad seen. 他解答出我所见过最难的题目。

⑤先行词被thevery,the only, thesame修饰时。

e.g.I need thesame dictionarythat you have. 我需要同你一样的字典。

⑥先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时

e.g. He told us many interesting things and personsthat wehad never heard.

他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。

⑦主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时

e.g. Whois the man that youspoke to justnow? 你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁?

6. 定语从句可以简化成短语。

①定语从句为被动结构,可用过去分词短语简化。

e.g.I bought a bookthat waswritten by Lu Xun. → I boughta bookwritten by Lu Xun.

我买了一本鲁迅写的书。

②若为主动结构,且为进行时态或从句表示经常性的动作和状态时,可用现在分词短语简化。

e.g. Tell the children who areplaying there notto dothat. → Tell the children playing there not to do that.

The housethatstands atthecorner was built in1987. → Thehous estanding at thecorner wasbuilt in 1987.

③当从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时,可简化为动词不定式。

e.g.We havenothing thatwe should fear. →Wehave nothing to fear. 我们没有什么事情可以害怕。

④当从句的谓语动词后是介词短语时,可简化为介词短语作定语。

e.g. The bookthat is onthe table is expensive. → The book on the table is expensive.

7.关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如:Thisis the roomwhere they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。)/ Ican never forget the day whenIfirst saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)

[注意]

一、定语从句是复合句的重要组成部分。在定语从句中不管出现什么情况,主句的结构必须完整。试比较:

1. Is this farm________ theyvisited the day before yesterday?

2. Is this the farm ________theyvisited the day before yesterday?

A. which

B. theone

C. where

D. what

简析:第1题中主句缺少表语,只有B项才能保持主句的完整性。故选B。第2题的主句本身已完整,应填关系代词作定语从句中及物动词visit的宾语。所以,正确答案是A。二、在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分,因此,定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如:

改错:Do you remember thebook that I lentit to you lastweek?

简析:该题中的that 指代先行词book,在定语从句中充当了动词lend 的逻辑宾语,故it应该删除。

三、解题时,首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知,确定定语从句的位置;根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分,继而选出正确的选项。例如:Canyou tellme the nameofthefactory ________ you visited la st week?

A. what B.where C./ D. when

简析:本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备,而visit 是个及物动词,从语义上分析,factory作visit 的宾语。故只能选C (引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略)。

四、解答"介词+关系代词"类型的定语从句题时,关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形,并要灵活运用。例如:

Inthedark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she couldturn for help.

A.that B. who C.from whom D.to whom

简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help(向某人求助)"。所以,D是正确选项。

定语从句练习

1.Watch the girland her dog ________ are crossing the bridge.

A. which B.who C.they D. that

2.Who________know himwould believe him?

A.whomB.that C. which D.who

3.Whichof thetwocows_____ you keepproducesmore milk?

A. that B. which C. whom D.what

4.His parents wouldn’tlet himmarry anyone___ familywas poor.

A.ofwhom

B. whom C.of whose D. whose

5.A child_____parentsare dead is called anorphan.

A. which

B. his

C.whose

D.of whose

6.The building____windows are brightat night is our schoollibrary.

A. that

B.which

C.whose D.of whose

7.I haveheard from my father,______isin America .

A. which

B. that

C.whom D.who

8.There isamountain___ thetop is always covered withsnow.

A.of that B. of which C.its D. that

9.I will hire the man____they say is a goodEnglishspeaker.

A.who

B. thatCwhich D.whom

10.On the way Isaw a student ____ Ithought was your brother.

A.whom B.who C.that D.he

11.I can still remember the sitting-room_____ mymotherand I used to s it inthe evening.

A.what B. which C.that D.where

12.I know the place____we can haveaquiet talk.

A.which B.where C. wherever D. it

13.Nature,_____ gives supplies of food toevery creature,isgreat. A. who B. that C. whose D.it

14.Would youplease put thebox ___it belongs

A.to whomB. towhich Cintowhich D. where

15.You maytake____bookyou like.

A.which B.only C. whichever D.what

16.China isthe birth placeof kites,-___kiteflyingspread to Japan, Korea, ThailandandIndia.

A.fromthat B.from here C. fromthere D.from which

17.Hehas towork on Sundays,____he does notlike.

A. and which

B.which

C. and when

D.when

18. Is this museum ___someGerman friends visited the day before yesterday.

A.Which B.that C.where D.the one

19.John wasthe only one__ I had visited.

A.which

B. that C.whom D.who

20The doctor will speak to ___ comes in first

A.whoeverB.whomever C.whichever D.whatever

21.Choose___ you think is good.

A.Which

B.that

C.whom

D.what

22.I gavehim awarning,____ heturned adeaf ear.

A.of whichB.for which C.to that D. towhich

23.Thisdictionary, the fewpages_____ are missing,is of fno use.

A.among which

B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.to which

24.Givethis prizeto_____composition is thoughtexcellent.A.whoever B.whoseverC.whomever D.whatever

25.Thisisaveryboy____parents were killed inthe war.

A.who B. that C. whose Dwhom

26.She is one of the few girls who______passed theexamination.

A.was B. were C.has D. have

27.The teacher_______ is at thatdesk over there.

A.you should talk to B.you are talked to

C. whom you are talkingD.whomyouaretalkedto

28.In thedarkstreet,there was not asingle person_____she couldturnfor help.

A.that

B.whoC.fromwhom D. towhom

29.Who______has common sense canbelieve such asuperstition( A.who B. which C. but D.that

30That is the town ______ he was born.

A.which

B.where C.when D.why..

31That is thetown______ hewasborn.

A.which

B.where C. when D. why

九年级定语从句专项练习题及答案

定语从句黄志丽 定义: 在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句,叫做定语从句。 被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,位于从句之前。定语从句有关系代词that、which、who、whose、whom和关系副词when、where、why引导. 定语从句的基本结构为: 先行词+关系代/副词+句子 Doyouknowtheboywhoiswearingabluejacket Theskirtthat/’taffordit. Thenumberofthepeoplewho/thatowncarsisincreasing. Thehousethat(which、/)thefamouspersononcelivedinisveryoldnow. 考点1.关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why. -既可指人,也可指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略;不引导非限定性定语从句Therearelotsofthings________Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.(10河北) 答案:B) -指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略.可引导非限定性定语从句。Thisisthedictionary________Mumgavemeformybirthday.(08河北) 答案:A) Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat________youneed.(09河北) 答案:D) -般指人,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略,(常用whom) Jamieisayoungcook________wantstoimproveschooldinners.(10天津) 答案:A) 作定语,表示所属关系。 Iliketheteacher________classesareveryinterestingandcreative.(09兰州) 答案:D) 作时间状语:When=介词+which Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried. 作地点状语where=介词+which Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn. 作原因状语,其先行词常常是=forwhich Thatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate. 2.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。 . . 3.有时只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种: 1).当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,或被它们修饰时。 That’sallthatIknow. IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou 2).当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread. 3).当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。 That’.

英语语法---定语从句讲练

定语从句 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词,起定语的作用,修饰说明名词、代词或主句的全部或部分内容。定语从句分限制性定语参加和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句与它修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,他们之间没有逗号。非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性,与先行词之间有逗号隔开。定语从句一般放在被修饰的词之后。由关系代词或关系副词引导。 1.关系词及其作用 2.只能使用关系代词that的几种情况 (1)当先行词是everything,anything,something,nothing,all,none, little, few等时。 Is there anything that you don’t need? 有没有你们不需要的东西?

(2)当先行词被every, any ,all,some, no, little,few, much等修饰时。 I want to watch all the movies that were acted by Zhou Xingchi. 我想看周星驰演的所以电影。 (3)当先行词被the only, the very 等修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find. 这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 (4)当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most beautiful flower that I have ever seen.这是我见到过的最漂亮的花。 (5)当先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the peoples and the book that interested them. 他们谈论了让他们感兴趣的那些人和那本书。(6)当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that you like best. 你最喜欢哪家宾馆? 3.只能使用关系代词which的几种情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 There has just been a heavy rain, which makes the farmers delighted. 刚下过一场大雨,这让农民很高兴。 (2)关系代词跟在介词后时 The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago. 他们现在居住的房子是50年前建的。 (3)先行词本身是that时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才天空一闪而过的是什么东西? 4.定语从句的谓语动词 当关系词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。(动词like 与先行词boys保持一致)He is the boy who comes from America. 他就是来自美国的那个男孩。(动词comes与先行词boy保持一致) 定语从句关系代词顺口溜 关系代词有五个,听我逐一来说破; which表物,人用who; 人物都用that顾,which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know; who 作主语很称职,whom用到宾语里;

定语从句讲与练

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