全新版大学英语第三册Unit4教案
Unit 4 Was Einstein a space Alien?
Students will be able to:
1. Grasp the main idea of Text A(Einstein was a child of his time)
2. Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer(using a question as the title of the text, illustrating his answer with various supporting facts, use if subheadings, use of quotations , etc.)
3.Master the key language points in Text A and learn how to use them in context;
4.Understand the cultural background related to the content;
1.Express themselves more freely on the theme
2.Write an essay paying special attention to unity.
We devote 8 teaching periods (plus 2 periods after-class of students’ autonomous learning in the
Text A Writing Three Thank-you Letters
Tony Phillips
Albert Einstein (1879 — 1955) German-born American theoretical physicist
He was a German-born American theoretical physicist whose special and general theories of relativity revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and time and formed a theoretical base for the exploitation of atomic energy. He won a 1921 Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photoelectric (光电的) effect.
Isaac Newton (1643 — 1727) English mathematician and scientist
He was an English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus (微分学) and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple.
1.What words will occur to you whenever the name “Albert Einstein” is mentioned? Write down as many words and phrases as possible.
knowledgeable imaginative scientist superthinker Nobel Prize winner creative stubborn humorous
law of the photoelectric effect E=mc2Theory of Relativity slow starter physicist theorist
1-3: A young husband and father, Albert Einstein had to work hard to support his family.
4-12:Einstein made astonishing achievements in physics and thus revolutionized the field.
13-21:Einstein’s discoveries were attributable to his imagination, questioning, disregard for authority, powers of concentration, and interest in science.
22-23:Einstein was not a space alien.
1.His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again.
What do the words “mess” and “again” suggest about Einstein?
These words suggest two things about Einstein:
1) Einstein paid little attention to his appearance.
2) It was more a regular practice than an accident for
Einstein to go to work with messy hair.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
他的头发凌乱，他又忘了梳头了。
2. Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father.
What does “all the pressure and responsibility” refer to?
It refers to the pressure from work, the family responsibilities and the necessity to harmonize strained relationships among family members.
What do you think is the author’s purpose of writing the sentence?
The author intends to use the sentence as an evidence to show that Einstein was not a space alien but a man of his time since the problems that troubled “any young husband and father” also
troubled Einstein.
3. Oh, and by the way, E=mc2.
How do you understand the use of the phrase “by the way” in the sentence?
Originally “by the way” is used to introduce a comment or question that is only indirectly related to the main subject of conversation; here it is used to achieve the rhetorical effects of humor, hence shouldn’t be taken literally.
4. What do you know about “E=mc2”?
Einstein was the first scientist to propose the E = mc2 formula in which E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum. This equation indicates that energy always exhibits mass in whatever form the energy takes.
5. With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory of Universal Gravitation.
What can we learn about the author’s tone from the part “With nothing better to do”?
The part is another vivid proof of the author’s humorous tone. In fact, it’s by no means a piece of cake for Isaac Newton to develop the Theory of Universal Gravitation.
What do you know about the “Theory of Universal Gravitation”?
It is an empirical physical law developed by Isaac Newton describing the gravitational attraction between bodies with mass.
6. All of his 1905 papers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success, by other scientists.
All of Einstein’s 1905 papers solved problems that other scientists had been working on and making some progress.
他所有发表于1905年的那些论文解决了当时其他科学家正多多少少在解决的问题。
7. What’s remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all five papers, plus the original, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions.
What can we learn about the author’s attitude towards Einstein’s achievements from the se ntence? We can learn that the author is overwhelmed by the fact that Einstein authored all five papers in one year and thrilled by the way Einstein came to his conclusions.
8. How does the author convey this attitude?
The author conveys this attitude main ly through the diction. Two words “remarkable” and “original” are used complimentarily to show the author’s appreciation of and respect for Einstein.
9. This character flaw was to be a key ingredient in Einstein’s discoveries.
What does “this character flaw” refer to?
It refers to Einstein’s defiance of authority and his character traits of always doubting and questioning.
这种个性缺陷成为日后爱因斯坦作出种种发现的主要因素。
10. That didn’t slow him down.
What does “that” refer to?
“That” refers to Einstein’s failure to understand light’s duality.
What does the sentence suggest about Einstein’s personality?
The sentence suggests that Einstein tends to be stimulated rather than frustrated in face of failure,
the personality of which contributed to Einstein’s achievements to a certain degree.
11. Disdaining caution, Einstein adopted the intuitive leap as a basic tool.
Although Einstein felt bewildered by the bizarre duality of light, he believed in his intuition and conducted scientific researches instead of being too cautious to take any actions.
爱因斯坦不屑谨小慎微，他采用直觉跳跃思维作为基本工具。
12. Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and endless questioning more so than orthodox intelligence.
What can you infer about Einstein’s attitude towards success from the sentence?
We can infer that in Ei nstein’s opinion, imagination and the ability to question play a far more important role than intelligence in a person’s way to success.
13. Later in life, it should be remembered, he struggled mightily to produce a unified field theory, combining gravity with other forces of nature.
What do the words “struggled” and “mightily” suggest about Einstein?
The words suggest two things about Einstein:
1)Einstein was a hardworking man who made every
effort to pursue his dreams.
2) It was no easy task for Einstein to produce the
unified field theory.
What is the unified field theory, according to the sentence?
It is a theory that might combine gravity with other forces of nature.
14. Neither was Einstein’s brain.
Analyze the grammatical structure of the sentence.
The sentence is in the inverted order, the predicate “was” being placed before the subject “Einstein’s brain”.
What is the function of the sentence in the text?
The sentence serves as a transitional sentence, helping the author shift from discussion on Einstein’s brainpower to discussion on the structure of Einstein’s brain, thus achieving coherence of the text.
Bill Gates lost $6 billio n last year, but that didn’t stop him from being the richest man in the world for the 8th year in a row.
这是接连着第三个星期天下雨了。
This is the third Sunday in a row that rains.
2. doze off: fall into a light sleep
Before I had time to doze off again, I was disturbed by a rattling of plates and dishes in the servant’s hall.
That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
有些学生常在课堂上打瞌睡。
Some students often doze off in class.
2.frail: adj. weak
Mrs. Warner is already 96 and too frail to live by herself.
自从他病愈之后，就一直很虚弱，但他却有惊人的耐力。
Ever since his recovery he has been very frail, yet capable of surprising endurance.
3. strain: vt.
1) make a situation or relationship more difficult
Relations between Tokyo and Washington were further strained by the monetary crisis involving the December 1971 revaluation of the Japanese yen.
该事件使得两国关系趋于紧张。
The incident has strained relations between the two countries.
2) stretch tightly by pulling
They strained the wire between two posts.
负载过重会把绳子拉紧到崩断的地步。
Too heavy a load will strain the rope to its breaking point.
4. make ends meet: balance one’s income and expenditure
It may be difficult at times to make ends meet on your small income.
It was very difficult for Arthur to make ends meet when his factory was put on a three-day week during the recession.
他们失了业，还要养活两个小孩，无法维持起码的生活。
Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet. 5. stretch:
1. vt.
1) make sth. longer, wider or tighter by pulling
Where can I buy those things that stretch your shoes?
A spider’s web can be stretched considerably without weakening.
你如果拉橡皮带，它就会伸长。
If you stretch a piece of elastic, it becomes much longer.
2) extend or thrust out (a limb or part of the body) and
tighten the muscles
She went out to stretch her legs after lunch.
应付抽筋最有效的方法就是轻柔缓和地去伸展肌肉抽筋的部位。
The most effective treatment for muscle cramps is to gently stretch the cramped muscle.
2. vi. spread out over an area or a period of time; extend
The ocean stretched as far as they could see on all sides.
The road stretched out across the desert into the distance.
6. twist: vt.
1) turn round; revolve
Twist the handle to the right and the box will open.
我扭过头去把汽车向后倒。
I twisted my head round to reverse the car.
2) deliberately give a false meaning to words, etc.
The police tried to twist the man’s statement into an admission of guilt.
报纸把我的话全都歪曲了。
The papers twisted everything I said.
7. outbreak: n. the sudden or violent start of sth.
unwelcome, such as disease
由于战争爆发，这个研究计划搁浅了。
The research project fetched up because of the outbreak of the war.
8. alien:
1.n. anyone who does not belong in the environment in
which they are found
Immigrant workers were classed as resident aliens.
背井离乡这么久，现在在他自己的国家，他觉得自己像个外人。
After being away for so long, he feels like an alien in his own country now.
2. adj.
1)very different from what you are used to, especially in
a way that is difficult to understand or accept
残忍完全不合他的本性。
Cruelty is quite alien to his nature.
2) being or from or characteristic of another place or
part of the world
After the alien spacecraft had hovered over the park for a short time, it vanished. 我在异国他乡遇到故知。
I ran into an old friend in the alien land.
alien, foreign & extrinsic
这三个形容词均有“外来的”之意
alien 表示无关联的、外来的，不能成为事物固有的组
成部分，常带有厌恶之意，至少有不可兼容、不
可调和之意。
foreign 是正式用法，表示在本国以外的，涉及到国外的。
还表示因没有共同特性、关联而与其他事物有所
不同的，不相干的。
extrinsic 表示明显在某物之外的，或从其他事物中得来的。
9. remarkable: adj.
1) striking
He showed remarkable courage when he faced the danger.
他生病的整个阶段都表现出非凡的忍耐力。
He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
2) worthy of attention
The social changes which occurred in China are remarkable.
唐朝是一段以开明著称的时期。
The Tang Dynasty is a period remarkable for its liberality.
remarkable, noticeable, outstanding & conspicuous
这四个形容词均含有“突出的、值得注意的”之意。
remarkable 指所描写的事物或特征因与众不同或非同寻
常而显得突出，含有需要大家评论、注意或
关注的意味。
noticeable 指某事物或某特征太明显而不可避免地引起
人们的注意，可作定语或表语。
outstanding 为普通用词，指人或物在同类比较中显得出
类拔萃或具有显著的特征。
conspicuous 指某事物或某特征太显眼太突出而刺激感官
或头脑并立即为感官或头脑所感觉到。
10. original: adj.
1)being or productive of something fresh and unusual;
being as first made or thought of
I don’t think George is capable of having original ideas!
评论家们称赞该作品独树一帜。
Critics praised the work as highly original.
2) preceding all others in time or being as first made or
performed
His original enthusiasm has turned sour.
He excluded certain passages from the original book in the new edition.
房子原先的主人搬出去了。
The original owner of the house moved out.
11. loose: adj. not firmly fastened in place
I tied the boat to the tree but it has come loose.
他的裤子太短，外套和背心又太肥大。
His trousers were too short and his coat and vest too loose.
12. slack指绳子、线等没有拉紧或绷紧而显得松弛下垂。还
可指人疏忽职守、懈怠或无力气。例如：
The workmen have been very slack in their work recently.
工人们最近工作一直很懈怠。
13. unify: vt. bring together
His music unifies traditional and modern themes.
我们决意将这两岛联合起来创立一个国家。
It’s our firm determination to unify the two islands into one country.
14. beyond any doubt: allowing no uncertainty
The authenticity of the manuscript is beyond any doubt.
The prosecution must prove beyond any doubt that the accused is guilty of the crime. 她使我深信，保罗确实是清白无辜的。
She convinced me that Paul was, beyond any doubt, innocent.
15.not give a fig for: not be at all concerned about or interested in sth. or sb. He didn’t give a fig for his mistake.
对邻居们的闲言碎语她丝毫不放在心上。
She wouldn’t give a fig for her neighbors’ gossip.
16. undermine: vt. gradually or insidiously make sb. or sth.
less strong or effective
足球教练的主要竞争对手在散布谣言以逐渐破坏他的威信。
The football coach’s major opponent is spreading rumors to undermine his authority.
17. predict: vt. tell in advance
It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.
预言这次对话可能有什么结果，现在还为时过早。
It’s yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.
18. never get anywhere: not be successful
除非我们立即采取行动，否则我们就不会成功。
We shall never get anywhere unless we take immediate actions ourselves.
19. ingredient: n.
1)any of the foods that are combined to make a particular
dish
她能用简单配料烹调出美味的饭菜。
She can produce delicious meal from very simple ingredients.
2) any of the qualities of which sth. is made
想象力和勤奋工作是成功的要素。
Imagination and hard work are the ingredients of success.
20. accordingly: adv.
1) consequently, therefore
人家叫她说话简短, 于是她就长话短说了。
She was told to speak briefly; accordingly she cut short her remarks.
2) in a suitable manner
请将你的合同文本进行相应的修正。
Please amend your copy of the contract accordingly.
21. disdain: vt. have no respect for sb. or sth.
他鄙视那个势利小人，不愿和他说话。
He disdained that man for snobbishness and was unwilling to talk to him.
22. caution:
1. n. great care and attention
他小心翼翼地爬上墙头。
With much caution he climbed to the top of the wall.
2. vt. warn sb. to be careful
我必须告诫你谨防危险。
I must caution you against the danger.
23. stimulate:vt. make sb. interested and excited
政府将竭尽全力去刺激经济发展。
The government will do everything in its power to stimulate economic growth. 24. credit:
1. vt. say that sb. or sth. is responsible for sth. good
她总是把自己独特的性格归功于父母。
She always credited her distinctive character to her parents.
2. n. praise, approval, recognition
他的勇敢使他所在的团大为增光。
His courage has brought great credit to his regiment.
25. if anything:if there is anything different; on the contrary
even
他可不瘦——按说还算有点胖呢。
He’s not thin, if anything, he’s rather on the plump side.
26. a trifle: s lightly
起码可以说，他的背景不大可靠。
His background is a trifle dubious, to say the least.
Vocabulary; cloze; translation
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