推理判断类阅读理解题的解答方法
推理判断类阅读理解题的解答方法
现在的高考试题越来越注重对考生综合阅读能力以及逻辑思维
能力的考查。阅读理解中的大多数题目都需要进行判断和推理，考查判断推理的试题每年都占阅读理解题的一半左右，并有逐年增加的趋势。英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理。
推理判断的设问形式不象其它类的阅读题那么固定，常以infer，imply， suggest， conclude， learn， intend， mean， describe，purpose等词提问，或推测中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could， might， would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，most likely等。例如：
1. we can infer from the text that“computer-literate”means________.
2. what can we learn from radcliffe’s story？
3. we can conclude from the passage that________.
4. the passage implies，but doesn’t directly________.
5. in the writer’s opinion，a good stage school
should________.
6. vanvergarge’s remark suggests that________ owned
by________.
7. the writer mentions the fact that ... to show________.
8. the writer’s purpose in writting the story is
that________.
考生做题时一定要整体理解语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间去把握作者的弦外之音。
首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。快速阅读短文，了解文章的大意和主要情节，然后细读题干和选项，接着再细读一遍短文，最后细读题干和选项选出最佳答案。虽然这样所需时间较多但解题正确率较高。特别适合于推理判断题和推测作者的观点、态度、意图题。在进行推理时，一定要仔细阅读文章，千万不可脱离原文，仅凭自己的看法主观臆断。
其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强阅读理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。第三，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对
细节的判断可以用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想做推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。
（1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
（2）整合全文（段）信息进行推断
做推断题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目有关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论，忌“只见树木不见森林”。
（3）利用语境的褒贬性进行推理判断
几乎每篇文章的语境都有褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词语或句子对我们掌握文章主旨大意、了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推理很有好处。
（4）根据文章的结论推断作者的态度
作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题
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阅读理解专题-推理判断题
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阅读理解之推理判断
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阅读：推理判断题
《考试说明》关于阅读能力的考查不但要求学生要理解具体事实细节，也要理解抽象的含义；既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。 NMET中，推理判断题的考查每年都占阅读理解试题的一半左右。推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题，很多考生对此类题型的解答感到很吃力，没有把握。下面笔者结合近年高考试题，谈谈推理判断题的解题技巧，希望对大家复习备考有所帮助。 一、推理题常见的提问形式 常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，most likely等。 二、推理题的解题思路 如何做好推理判断题？笔者以为，考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。 首先，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。 其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。 针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。 针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)。 三、推理题的解题方法 1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 例 2003安徽春季D篇 69. The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____. A. suffer from poor health B. feel tired and nervous C. dream more often D. breathe quickly 解析解题时抓住第一段After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. Duri ng this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. 中Sleep is necessary for good health.去理解。利用逆向思维，我们很容易推断出这一结论：一个人睡眠不足会对他的健康有害(suffer from poor health), 所以答案为Ａ。 2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断
2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题(含解析)
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阅读理解推理判断题的解题思路和技巧
阅读理解推理判断题的解题思路和技巧 【摘要】新课程标准对阅读理解推理判断题的要求又提高了一个新的层次,更加突出了考生分析、综合、归纳的能力，要求考生能从字里行间理解文章的深层含义，即作者的态度、意图、倾向等，而且能把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的关系，并据此进行合乎逻辑的推理和判断。本文依据新课程标准对推断性试题提出的新要求,结合个人实际教学经验,谈一谈此类题型解题思路及解题技巧。 【关键词】阅读理解，推理判断，解题思路，解题技巧 高考阅读理解推理判断题旨在考查考生对文章层次的理解，要求考生在通盘理解全文的基础上，推断文章的潜在含义，找出结论。新课程标准对阅读理解推断性考题的要求又提高了一个新的层次,更加突出了考生分析、综合、归纳的能力，要求考生能从字里行间理解文章的深层含义，即作者的态度、意图、倾向等，而且能把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的关系，并据此进行合乎逻辑的推理和判断。然而从历年高考考试结果来看，许多考生在此方面丢分甚多，而此题型在阅读理解中所占比例越来越大，应特别引起我们的注意。本文依据新课程标准对推断性试题提出的新要求,借助2007年全国卷和各省高考试卷，并结合个人实际教学经验,谈一谈此类题型解题思路及解题技巧。 一、推断题的解题思路 考生要想做好推理判断题，关键要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。 首先，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。 其次，对于隐含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。 针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。 针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and
高三英语阅读理解-推理判断题解题策略+
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________
高考英语阅读理解之推理判断题
解密阅读理解之推理判断题 考点详解 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有： 1. It can be inferred from the text that… 2. We can conclude that… 3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that… 4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析： 题型一细节推断题： 常见的设问方式： It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________. The author mainly suggests that ________. It can be concluded from the passage that_______. The writer implies but not directly states _______. What does the author imply about newspapers? 细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 干扰项特点：
2017高考英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨(附带答案)
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨讲课 导入： 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________.
阅读理解题型专项突破之推理判断
阅读理解题型专项突破之推理判断 【命题特点】这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。 【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有： It can be inferred/ concluded that___________. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________. The writer suggests that___________. What's the author's attitude toward___________? The writer probably feels that___________. The author uses the examples of... to show that___________. 推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。 一、细节推断题: 根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。 Passage 1 A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native, “Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he l ives on the western side of the island." Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure? 1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________ A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth. B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie. C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not. D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true. 2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his
阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧
2013届高考英语阅读理解专题二推理判断题 启东市汇龙中学姚莉莉 Teaching aims：Enable students to make some judgment according to reading strategies Teaching key and difficult points: How to infer properly according to information in the passage Teaching procedures: Step1:Lead-in 讲解前提测评 Passage A A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃．Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate．Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world． In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals．This action affects the environment as a whole．For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests．People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. There are two main reasons for this．Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two．Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood suppl y．Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store．More than 25％of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests．However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value．It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests． 1.Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ． A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃ D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth 2.What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to? A．We will lose much more than we can gain． B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests． C．People have a strong desire for resources． D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests． 3.It can be inferred from the text that__________. A．we can get enough resources without rainforests B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns 4.What might be the best title for the text? A．How to Save Rainforests B．How to Protect Nature C．Rainforests and the Environment D．Rainforests and Medical Development