英语国家概况考试复习

1.Discuss the difference between the terms 'British Isles' United kingdom' Great Britain' and England

The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that include Great Britain, Ireland and over six-thousand smaller islands The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland which commonly known as the United Kingdom or UK is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland.

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe.

UK economy

Recent History of British Economy

Economic decline

After World War II, the British economy experienced a period of great difficulty and relative economic decline.

Causes

Policies

“mixed economy”

an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned business

During the 20th century the

government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.

Policies (1945-1979)

In 1945 the Labor party carried out drastic reforms nationalize key industries (such as coal, steel and transport) laid the foundation for postwar British social and economic development

Result:

Britain’s economic growth fell behind that of western European countries

The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s. The oil price rises at that time led to very high rates of inflation (up to 25%). This caused many workers to strike for more pay. The fall in the value of the UK currency (The Pound) even forced the Labor (socialist) government to borrow from the International Monetary Fund.

Policies (1979-1997)

1.1979-1997 Conservative Party

2.Margaret Thatcher

Radical economic reform

sell back those industries to the private

sector beat inflation (primary objective)

Promote competitive spirit in economy

Social welfare reduced

Resul t: Britain’s economic growth still lagged behind

Policies (1997-2007)

In 1997 the Labor party Tony Blair

the “Third Way”: differ from the old the Labor party’s nationalization reform and the conservative party’s extreme individualism

made the Bank of England independent

emphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes

emphasized individual responsibility

National economies can be broken down into three main areas: "primary" industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining; "secondary" industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; and tertiary industries, often described as services, such as banking, insurance, tourism, and the selling of goods.

Current British Economy

The difference between American political system and British political system The American political system

The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. Federal and state elections generally take place within a two-party system, although this is not enshrined in law.

The British political system

Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitution monarchy.Although the king or Queen is the head of state,their powers are largely symbolic.The government is elected by people and governs according to British constitutional principles. contrast between the American and British political system

The same:

1. both have a parliament

The difference:

1. Perhaps the most fundamental difference is the constitution - or the lack of one. The United States has a written constitution which is very difficult to change. The UK does not have a single document called the constitution but instead its constitutional provisions are scattered over various Acts of Parliament, any of which can be changed by a simple majority in the Parliament.

2. In the United States, the Democratic and Republican Parties absolutely dominate federal and state elections with independents securing only small proportions of the vote. In the United Kingdom, the two main political parties - Conservative and Labor - win a smaller and declining share of the total vote, with a growing share being taken by the likes of the Liberal Party and the UK Independence Party at national level and by the likes of the Scottish and Welsh Nationalist Parties at the devolved level.

3.Britain is a constitutional monarchy, the United States is The Democratic Republic Britain's head of state is King, there is no real power; President of the United States is the highest executive power and military power

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口语表达能力：能在学习过程中用英语交流，并能就某一主题进行讨论。能就日常话题和来自讲英语国家的人士进行交谈；能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确；能在交谈中使用基本的会话策略。阅读理解能力：能够基本读懂一般性题材的英文文章，阅读速度达到每分钟80词；在快速阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的材料时，阅读速度达到每分钟70词，能基本读懂国内英文报刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和有关细节；能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的材料；能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。书面表达能力：能用常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务，能描述个人经历、事件、观感、情感等，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出80词的短文，内容基本完整、用词恰当，语篇连贯。翻译能力：能借助词典对题材熟悉的文章进行英汉互译，英汉译速为每小时100英语单词，汉英译速为每小时50个汉字；译文基本流畅，能在翻译时使用适当的翻译技巧。 3、素质要求：针对英语教育专业的知识技能的特点，培养学生在幼儿英语教学和小学英语课堂教学的能力，提高学生的综合素质。三、教学条件 1、教师任职条件本科以上英语专业学历，身心健康，热爱教育工作，热爱学生；有较强的教学能力、教育科研能力和创新能力，具有一定的教育学、心理学基本知识，并能运用在实际教学过程中。另外要求教师具有制作多媒体课件进行教学设计的能力，并具有应用现代教育技术进行教学的能力。 2、实践教学条件校内实训条件：语言实验室、英语角、英语演讲比赛等。能容纳60人、安装多媒体投影仪设备的教室一间。四、教学内容及学时安排

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英语国家概况教学大纲

英语国家概况教学大纲 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

《英语国家概况》课程教学大纲课程名称：英语国家概况计划学分：2学分计划学时：32学时课程性质：选修课课程类型：专业课面向专业：商务英语、应用英语专业编制单位：外语系编制时间：2012年8月一、课程的性质、地位和作用随着我国对外交往的日益频繁和涉外工作的需要，大学生不仅要学好英语，提高语言应用能力，还应加深对英语国家社会与文化生活基本情况的了解，从而在工作和生活中更好地进行跨文化交流。本课程就是根据此需要，根据《大学英语课程教学要求》而开设的选修课，体现了英语教学必须实行语言教学与文化知识课程紧密相结合的原则，有利于基础阶段语言教学与文化知识教学的相互促进。二、教学目的及要求本课程涉及了英语国家的地理、历史、语言发展、文化、社会等方面，目的在于扩大学生视野、对于英语国家的理解不仅从经济、政治的角度，而且要从社会、文化的角度来看问题。 1.提供了一个对于英语国家的中立的、恰当的、多角度的、贴近实际的调查。 2.提高学生思维能力、分析和解决问题的能力。 3.培养学生对于人类和社会的客观的、健康的、科学的人生观、价值观。

4.培养能把英语的语言基础知识和广阔的文化背景知识结合在一起的优秀英语人才，即复合型人才。 5.帮助学生对于英语文学、报纸、杂志、脱口秀、英语笑话等的理解。三、课程的章节、具有的深度、广度、难点、重点 Chapter 1 Geography, People and Language 通过对本章的学习，了解英语国家的地理、气候、主要城市、人民、英语语言的发展。重点：地理、人口特点难点：英语语言发展的三个阶段 Chapter 2 History 从国家的建立、进入封建社会、到现代社会的转化，全面地了解英语国家的历史。重点：历史转折性事件、关键人物、工业革命、现代社会难点：两次世界大战以及其对英语国家的影响 Chapter 3 Government 了解英语国家的宪法、政府、政党、选举等。重点：英语国家的立法机关、行政机关、司法机关难点：不同政治体制下这三者的关系、作用 Chapter 4 Economy 了解英语国家的近代经济、现代经济。重点：英语国家的近现代经济难点：在国家经济中起重要作用的产业

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英语国家概况标准模拟试卷五

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英语国家概况复习题及参考答案

《英语国家概况》复习题及参考答案一Multiple choice ( 30’) ( ) 1 As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England. A grain B farm tools C houses D labor ( ) 2 In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’s Progress and _________ . A the Jew of Malta B the School of Archery C Novum Organum D Paradise Lost ( ) 3. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men’s Association. A householders B tenants C small shopkeepers D office workers ( ) 4. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of ______. A. pottery B hardware C textiles D chemicals ( ) 5. In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike. A a choir B a political party C a trade union D a club ( ) 6 The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________. A People’s Charter B Magna Carta C King’s Charter D the Declaration of human rights ( ) 7 Henry Ⅱwas the first king of the ________ dynasty. A Malcolm B Plantagenet C Windsor D Tudor ( ) 8. __________ is the most typically English of sports A Cricket B Golf C Tennis D Horse-racing ( ) 9. By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain. A Nanjing, Hong Kong B Tianjing, Hong Kong C Nanjing, Macau D Tianjing, Macau ( ) 10. In _______, the name Great Britain came into being. A 1689 B 1702 C 1701 D 1707 ( ) 11. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___. A the farm failure B the bank failures C the stock market crash D the high unemployment ( ) 12．What are the problems that the U.S. economy has faced from time to time? A Inflation B Depressions C Recessions D all of the above ( ) 13．The real American literature began________. A after the war of Independence B after the Westward Movement C after the Civil War D after the Civil Rights Movement ( ) 14. In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____ . A coal B electricity C oil D wheat ( ) 15. In the United States, if the parents don’t send their children to school at certain age, ________ . A the state government will be responsible for it B they will educate the children themselves C they can save a lot of money D they are breaking the law ( ) 16. The U.S. and China established their diplomatic relations in _____. A 1974 B 1972 C 1978 D 1979 ( ) 17 In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” A Woodrow Wilson B Theodore Roosevelt

“英语国家概况”考核大纲

英语国家概况考核大纲单位：江苏师范大学外国语学院教师：李晗

“英语国家概况”课程考核大纲课程代号：课时数：36 适用专业：研究生公共英语选修课一、本课程的性质、目的和任务 1、本课程的性质本课程为集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的研究生公共英语选修课程。该课程在向学生传授语言知识的同时，更让学生了解了目的语国家的地理、社会、经济、政治、宗教等综合文化背景知识，为深化英语语言基础和提高交流能力打下坚实的基础。 2、本课程的目的开设本课程的目的是通过学习使学生了解英美发展简史和简单的英语背景知识，进而提高学生对英语语言的理解能力和文化素养，增强学生对英美文化的了解，培养学生的跨文化交际能力以及对文化的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性以适应国际交流的需要，帮助学生开阔视野和知识面。 3、本课程的任务通过本课程的学习学生应该了解掌握英美国家的自然地理、发展简史、社会文化、风俗习惯、政治体制等，通过了解这些英语背景知识，能对不同语言文化背景下的产生的交际差异有所辨别和宽容，并能进行简单的跨文化交际处理．二、本课程的考核内容和要求 1、考核内容 Part One The United Kingdom Unit 1 The country I. British Isles and Britain II. Northern Ireland and Ireland III. The United Kingdom

IV. British geography: other basic facts IV. Physical features of Britain V. British climate Unit 3 History Section One: Origin of the English Nation I. The natives: Celts (called Britons later) II. Roman invasion: III. Anglo-Saxon Conquest: IV. Alfred the Great: V. Norman Conquest and Middle English (1066) Section Two: The Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament I. Henry II (William’s grandnephew) II. King John and the Great Charter III. The beginning of Parliament Section Three: Decline of Feudalism in England I. The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) II. The Peasant Uprising (1381) III. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) Section Four: The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie I. The New Monarchy II. Enclosure and the Peasant Uprising III. Discovery of New Lands (omitted) IV. Renaissance in England (omitted) Section Five: Reformation in England I. Reformation II. Bloody Mary: III. Elizabeth I (1533-1603) Section Six: The English Bourgeois Revolution I. James I II. Charles I (1625-1653) III. The English Bourgeois Revolution