人教版英语选修六第一单元知识点资

U1(选修六)

1.Abstract

1)Adj.深奥的，抽象的

Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文学是一门深奥的学科。

The word “honesty” is an abstract noun.

Beauty is abstract but a house is not .美是抽象的，房子是具体的。

2）V.

1“提炼”“抽取”

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The workers are abstracting metal from ore.工人们正在由矿砂提炼金属。Rubber is abstractedfrom trees.橡胶是从树木提取的。

Salt can be abstracted from sea water.盐是从海水中提取出来的。

2“转移（注意）等

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distract one’s attention from sth从……上转移开某人的注意力

Nothing can distract his attention from his work.

3“概括，写摘要”

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He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。3）n.

an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要

2.Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style paintings in your home?

would rather do sth情愿做….

would rather sb did sth情愿sb做…

情愿做….而不愿意做…：

would rather do sth than do sth

= would do sth rather than do sth

= prefer to do sth rather than do sth

= prefer doing sth to doing sth

I would rather stay at home today.我今天宁愿待在家里。

I would rather you came here tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。

I would rather you hadn’t told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。

我宁愿跟你走而不愿意待在这里：

I would rather go with you than stay here.

I would go with you rather than stay here.

I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.

I prefer going with you to staying here.

3.faithn.信任,信仰

break one's faith with sb.对某人不守信用

keep faith with忠于信仰;守信

I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。

He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人,失去所有。

faithfuladj.忠诚的，可靠的

have faith in相信,信任

in good faith老实地；诚恳地

4.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all ofthem in such a short text．

salad/adv + that…

so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…)

so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…)

so much/little (不可数) (+that…)

such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数)

eg.1) The book is ________interesting that I

want to read it again.

2) It was ________a cold day that the ice in

the river was nearly two feet thick.

3) It was _______cold a day that the ice in

the river was nearly two feet thick.

4) There are _______many mistakes in your

composition that I can’t understand it.

5) He has made ________rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.

so

such

so

so

such

so + adj./ adv.

so + adj. + an / a + c.n (单)

so + many (few, much, little) + n.

such +(a) + (adj.) + n

_______that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陕西）

A. So successful her business was

B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful

D. So was her successful business

B

5.consequently adv.所以，因此

I overslept and ____ I was late for work.我睡过头了,所以我上班迟到了。

Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国,所以对中国了解得很少。

It rained that day and ___ the baseball game was called off.

A. however

B. still

C. so

D. consequently

consequent adj.作为结果的,随之发生的

as a consequence/result = in consequence = so

She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it).她被判有罪,因而失去了工作consequence n.结果

as a consequence/result of = because of

6.aim

1）n.

1(C)目标

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without aim无目的的/无目标的

achieve one’s aim

miss one’saim打不中目标

2(U)对准,瞄准take aim at

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The hunter took aim at the lion

sb/ sth’s aim is to do……的目标是….

What is your aim in life?你生活的目的是什么?

The governor’s aim is to increase citizens’ income.

2）v.

1(以枪等)对准,瞄准aim at

takeaim at the target= aim at the target瞄准靶子

The factory must aim at increasing its quality .他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中

He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it.

aimless a.无目标的，无目的的

She led an aimless life.

2打算,计划,以……为目标,立志做……

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aim at doing = aim to do瞄准,力求做到,力争达到

Harry aims at becoming a doctor.

or: Harry aims to become a doctor.

7.Conventional

adj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的;受俗套束缚的，按习惯办事的，陈旧的,形式上的conventional weapons常规武器

a conventional design传统图案

conventional opinions旧观念

The chairman made a few conventional remarks.主席说了几句客套话。

8.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative)

a typical character典型人物

typical example典型事例

He is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other pupils.

他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。

adj. evident明白的,明显的(apparent)

n. evidence证据;证明

The applause made it evident that the play was a hit.掌声显然表明该剧是成功的。

It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that …..

It's evident that you are tired.显然你累了。

in evidence = evident明显的

9.realistic现实主义的,逼真的,现实的

in a more realistic way以一种更逼真的形式

realism现实主义idealism

realist现实主义者

terrorism恐怖主义

terrorist恐怖分子

Socialism

Socialist

realadj.真的

realizev.实现

9.DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMi ddleAges.

ideas and valves定语

which were held in the Middle Ages

hold…Ideas/ value持有…的观点/价值观

I hold the view that the plan can’t work.

adoptvt.

1.采取;采纳;吸收

After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。

2.过继,收养[(+as)]

Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。

3.正式通过,接受

The agenda was adopted after some discussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。

adopted adj.被收养的，被采用的adopted child

10.possess用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：

1）“有，拥有”。如：

The library possesses a number of the artist’s early works.图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。

2）“具有……的特质”。常见搭配有be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。如：I’m afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humor.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。

He is possessed of great natural ability.他很有天赋。

3）“支配，控制”。如：

He was possessed by the desire to be rich.

possession

1【c】财产，所有物（常用复数）

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The ring is one of her most valuable possessions.这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。

personal possessions个人财产

He lost all his possessions in the fire.

2【u】占有，拥有

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take possession of占领，夺取

come into possession of占有

in possession of(表主动）占有

in the possession of（表被动）…被占有

He is in ~ of the house.他拥有这套房子。

The house is in the ~ of him.这套房子在他的占有之下。

-- Does the young man standing there _____the company?

-- No. The company is _____ his father.

A.have ~ of; in~ of

B.in ~ of ; in the ~ of

C.take ~ of ; in the ~ of

D.have ~ of ; in ~ of

11.convince

convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做…

Convince sb that使某人确信某事

He convinced me of his sincerity.他使我确信他的真诚。

I was convinced that he was sincere.

Your mistakes convinced me that you hadn’t studied your lesson.你的错误使我确信你没有学习功课。

convincevt.“使确信；使信服”

convince sb. of sth. / that ...

Scientists are convinced _____ the possible effect of laughter _____ physical and mental health.(江西2007)

A. of; at

B. by; in

C. of; on

D. on; at

by coincidence碰巧,由于巧合

what a coincidence！多么凑巧的事情啊！

What a coincidence to meet you here.真巧在这儿碰到你。

I met him by coincidence. I didn’t know he washere.

12.a great/ good deal大量;大量

Ever since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. (adv.修饰v.)

A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.(n.)He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)

a great/good deal of为adj，修饰[U]

A great deal of money was spent on the project.那个项目花费了大量金钱。1）修饰可数名词：

many a few

a good/great many

A great many buildings have been built along the street.

a large/ big/ great/ / small number of

Many a +单数名词

More than one +单数名词

2）修饰不可数名词：

much

a good/great deal of

a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)

large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)

3）修饰可数和不可数名词

a lot of/lots of

plenty of

a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)

large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)

练习：

1.____ the students in our school go to college in their teens.

A good manyB. A great many of

C. A great deal of

D. A lot of

2. He is ____ better now. Don’t worry about him.

A.more

B. a great deal of

C. a number of

D.a great deal

13.The impressionists were the first artists to paint outdoors.

He is always the last one to leave the classroom.

14.Shadow

1)n.影子

The willow’s shadow falls on the lake.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。

The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life.她年纪轻轻遭此劫，影响了她一生。

2)v.尾随，跟踪

He kept looking behind, afraid of being shadowed.他不停的回头看，害怕被跟踪。

He walked in the shadow hoping no one could recognize him.

对比：sit in the shade of a tree.树荫

15.Ridiculous

1)adj.荒谬的，可笑的

It is ridiculous that she should accept a stranger’s invitation.

他竟然接受了一个陌生人的邀请真是荒唐。

v./n.嘲笑，奚落与“laugh at”和”make fun of”意思相近。

He became an object of ridicule.

They all ridicule my suggestion.

16.controversial

Adj.有争议的，引起争论的

He became a controversial figure in the world of politics.

他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。

n. controversy [ 'k?ntr?,v?:si ]争论；论战；辩论

The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy.

使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。

16.scores of很多

I have heard that scores of times.

Scores of people attended the special performance.

score =20

A score of people were present at the party.有20个人参加了聚会

Two score of those people wanted to fly there.那些人中有40人想乘飞机17.attemptv.尝试，企图

v.①企图，试图；努力

②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成

attempt doing反复尝试做

attempt to do企图做

attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing

The second question was so difficult; I didn’teven attempt it.第二道题太难了，我连试都没试。

I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet.我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别做声。

I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.

We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.

1企图或努力○

2袭击；攻击

n.○

an attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击

Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing iton her first_________ .

A) intentionB) attemptC) purposeD) desire

make an attempt to do sth

at doing sth

She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。

The prisoner made an attempt to escape/ at escaping but failed.

at one’s attempt在sb尝试下

one’s first attempt初次尝试

练习：

1)他试图行走直到摔倒。

He______________________________

2)他参加过考试，可是失败了。

He________________________ but failed.

3)我企图说话，可是有人要我安静点。

I ________________ but was told to be quiet.

attempted walking until he fell over.

attempted the examination

attempted to speak

18.On the other hand

另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。

On one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面

This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I don’t have to work long hours.

On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don’t have enough money.

At hand在手边，在附近

By hand用手的，手工的

Go hand in hand with与……共同行动

19.Predict

1)v.预言，预测后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。

Nobody can predict what will happen in the future.

It is still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes.

现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。

2) n. Prediction预言，预测

Her prediction turned out to be correct.她的预言证明是正确的。

20.Specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的

Can you be a bit more specific when you talk about your plan?

当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？

Each organ in our body has its specific function.

我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。This kind of disease is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。

21.figure

1)外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness.

2)体态;风姿She has a slender figure.

3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to everyone.

4)数字Where did you get those figures?

5)His work now commands huge figures.

22.delicate

He is a delicate child.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的

Be careful with those wine cups—they are very delicate.容易的

In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words.需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。

What a delicate work of art!精妙的

delicate china.精美的瓷器

23.1)aggressive adj.敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的

He is very aggressive.他生性好斗。

We regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive one.我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。

an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员

aggressive weapons攻击性武器

2)aggressively adv.气势汹汹地

3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n.侵略者

练习：

If you want to become a successful businessman, you must ______ _______ .

如果你想做一个成功的商人，你必须积极进取。

_____ __________ must be destroyed.必须要销毁攻击性的武器。

be aggressive

Aggressive arms

24.In the flesh活生生，本人，亲自

Flesh n.肌肉；肉

Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？

He wouldn’t believe until he saw in the flesh他直到亲眼目睹才相信。

Flesh and blood肉体，血肉之躯

Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood.

Lose flesh减肥

Gain/put on flesh增肥

Flesh-eating食肉的

25.preference- prefer

1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]

A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。

We dress simply by preference.首先,最好

2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]

Which is your preference, tea or coffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?

3)偏袒[U][(+for)]

Parents should not show preference for any one of their children.

父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。

4)优先(权);优惠权[U][C] in preference to优先于

Have a preference for偏爱

I have a preference for classic music.我更喜欢古典音乐。

We had a preference for sweet food.我们特别喜欢吃甜食.

in preference to…优先于

I’d choose the small car in preference to the larger one.我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。

She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano.她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴.

26.Appeal

vi. 1)呼吁,恳求appeal to sb for sth.

He appealed to me for help.

2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]

We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.

3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]

The idea appealed to Mary.

4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]

He appealed against the five-year sentence he hadbeen given.

27.fragileadj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；

As he broke up with his girlfriend, his heart was fragile.

由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。

Reputation n.

1名誉,名声[(+for)]

○

The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。

He has a reputation for cheating in the exam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。

have a reputation享有盛名

2好名声,声望;信誉

○

This restaurant has a fine reputation.这家餐厅信誉很好。

Cheating at the game ruined that player‘s reputation.比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。

live up to one’s reputation不负盛名

lose one’s reputation失去盛名；

win a high reputation赢得很高的声誉

You must live up to your promise.你必须实践自己的诺言。

They are always exhorted to deliver results and to live up to their parents' high expectations他们无时无刻被提醒要考取好成绩，实现父母对他们的高度期望。

28.、The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.

博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。

more than＋名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just相当于not only, not just的意思。如：Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.詹森不仅是一名讲师，他还是一个作家。

Modern science is more than a large amount of information.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。

1) more than+数词，意为“超过”相当于over，其反义词组为less than。如

There are more than two hundred people in the park.公园里有200多人。

2)“more than＋形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如：

I am more than content with what you said.我对你的讲话十分满意。

She was dressed more than simply.她穿着太朴素了。

3)在“more ...than ...”结构中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分，常译为“是……而不是……”或“与其说……不如说……”。如：

Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.

听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。

29.visual [ 'vizju?l ]