英语改错题技巧

英语改错题技巧
英语改错题技巧

浅谈英语短文改错的错误类型与解题技巧

短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题,着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。它涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻辑情理的推断和综合辨析能力,它是专门针对考生们平时学习英语过程中,尤其是写作练习中常犯的又是较为普遍的错误而设计的。对考生们而言,该题又是拉开距离和档次的题型。然而,从学生的答题情况来看,尽管在平时的教学中进行了大量的训练,但本题答题正确率仍普遍较低。其原因在于很多的学生英语基础不扎实,缺乏解题技巧。在平时的练习中因题目普遍较难而产生的一种挫折感和恐惧感,不愿做此种题型。本文就从近几年高考短文改错的错误类型入手,浅谈如何应对短文改错这一题型。

一.错误类型

1.动词时态的运用

从过去几年的高考英语改错题来看,时态错误是必设的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。因此,考生应当有目地的去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文,语境与该句的时间状语是否相一致。例如:

1> My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education.They did not want me to do any work.(2001,79) do

2> The time passes quickly. Evening came.(2002,82) passed

3> As we climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(2002,80) visited

4> We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.(2006,76) had

5> Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.(2004,82) talk

6> …, but the bell was ringing.(2007,85) is

2.主谓一致

在检查时态是否运用正确的同时,还应该检查动词在人称和数上是否和主语保持一致。例如:

1> Playing football not only… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirt. gives(1998)动此的-ing形式短语作主语,谓语动词用单数。

3.名词单复数的运用

单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一。改动的依据有:一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份:二是根据上下文的关系。例如:

1>On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. pictures (2002,82)

2> … I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects (2001, 81)

3> …, but after class we become stranger at once. strangers (2004,83)

4> He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. idea(2006,83)

5> … in the playground in the afternoon with the tree around us…trees(2007,80)

4.指代是否一致

1> The three of of them were very https://www.360docs.net/doc/f12879903.html,(2002,79)

2> I can run under my legs and get the ball. Their(2007,78)

5. 句子结构

句子结构方面的错误范围很大,在解答英语改错题时可以从以下几点入手:1)句子结构是否完整;2)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当;3)句中某些单词的词性和它在句子里的功能是否相符;4)句中出现的一些平行结构前后是否对等平行。如and, or, but, either... or…, neither… nor…, not only… but also…, as well as, so…that, not… but… 等的运用是否是否一致。例如:

1> My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can ∧make sure that I get a good education.to(2001,78) 此句中“all they can”为“all they can do”的省略形式,“to make sure that…”为动词不定式短语作目的状语。

2> …, but we don’t seem to get much time to talk about together.删about(2001,83)介词“about”后无宾语,此介词多余。

3>It was about noon ∧we arrived at the foot of the mountain.when(2002,78)复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词。

4> The food was expensive and the service was good. But(2002,84)后半句是转折,应该用but。

5>I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.why(2004,81)引导宾语从句的关系词应该为表原因的why.

6>…, it seem always difficult for me to do things∧well as them.as(2004,78) as well as 是固定搭配。

7> I’m little of cour se, but terribly quick and bravely. Brave(2007,77)副词“terribly”修饰形容词或动词,因此“bravely”应变成”brave”.

8> He was looking for a glass ∧the cupboard. in(2006,82)此句缺少介词in.

6.赘述

英语改错题中的赘述指在一些固定搭配或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词,从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注:下划线词为要删去的词)例如:

1>I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the

pillow.at(2002,85)

2> Can you tell me about what I should do? about(2004,85)

3>It will be lots of fun for practicing out …. for(2007,79)

4> They didn’t want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. that(2006,78)

5> I will always remember what you said,“ If you try to, you can be No.1.”

to(2006,82)

二.解题技巧

近年的短文改错在试题的设计上更讲究语篇意识,注重考查灵活运用所学知识的能力,因此,只有站在语篇的高度,通篇领会与理解短文,注意短文中的前后呼应,上下文的一致和合理的逻辑推理,才能成功地找出错误并加以纠正。从某种意义上说,对短文改错的认识与解答已经不是单纯的语法知识问题,而是对短文的整体语篇的认识问题。因此牢牢把握住这一变化,掌握科学的答题技巧对提高短文改错的整体能力是至关重要的。

1.通读全文,了解短文的中心意思,把握全篇的时态、语态、人称及行文逻辑,尤其是行文逻辑方面的错误。有时孤立地读一个单句时是没有错误的或是不易看出错误。但是,如果联系上下文,就会发现该句的问题所在。在通读全文的同时,把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好,这样也为再进行分行、分句改错时,起到了降低难度的作用。

2.分句阅读,逐行找错。做完上述工作后,就要进入逐行改错的阶段。这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇着重分析和特别注意。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每个句子。因为只有站在完整的句子的角度,才能发现其中的错误。由于不少句子不是只占一行,所以只有读完整个句子,通过分析,才能发现错误,纠正错误。

3.改后复读,仔细检查。在细读改错时,有时会碰到一时找不准错在何处这种情况,这时可把这一改项暂时搁置起来,先往下改。等到改完了全文,再进行复读时,上下文的一致,前后信息的呼应以及合理的逻辑推理会让人豁然开朗,茅塞顿开,于是难题迎刃而解。此外,在改后复读时,往往会发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题和作出的误改。复读有助于纠正失误,减少差错。

从理论上来说,英语短文改错突出一个故事或话题,所考查的知识点难度较低,可却是历来学生失分较多的题型,为什么会出现学生短文改错屡考不济的现象呢?

实际上英语短文改错是一道技术性较强的题目,根据多年的教学经验,谈谈短文改错的解题技巧。短文改错的解题步骤可归纳为三点:

(1)通读全文知晓大意后,以句为单位而不以行为单位找错;

(2)做好短文改错题必须熟悉常见考查点,如:

A.动词

时态(尤其是第三人称单数形式错用及and前后动词时态不一致)

语态(主动与被动语态错用)

情态动词的错用

易混动词的错用(如本题第一小题)

主谓语不一致

非谓语动词(如分词的误用、不定式符号的多余与遗漏、动名词作主语和介词宾语时误用动词原形等)

B.名词

不可数名词

可数名词——单词/复数

名词所有格

C.代词

不定代词both/all;neither/none等使用错误

人称代词主、宾格,名词性与形容词性物主代词的误用

作形式主语和形式宾语中it的遗漏与误用

D.数词

序数词/基数词

E.冠词

a.the的多余或a/the的遗漏

a与an互改或a与the互改

F.介词

习惯用法

固定搭配

G.连词(表示句子间的逻辑关系的连词)

and与but互改

and与or互改

and与so互改

H.形容词与副词

形容词与副词互改

原级与比较级互改(如even/much等词后用比较级等)

比较级与最高级互改

I.从句

状语从句中连词的误用(如when与while的误用)

名词性从句连接词的多余、遗漏和误用(如what与that的误用) 定语从句错误:

定语从句缺少作主语的关系代词

定语从句中使用了多余的代词

关系代词与关系副词误用

关系代词which与that的误用

J.肯定与否定的错误

(3)复读全文,做好两查:

一查是否通顺恰当.二查是否多词漏词。

(完整word)高考英语短文改错的解题技巧与方法

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高考英语短文改错破题技巧学生用

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高考英语短文改错技巧总结版,考生必看!

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解题思路(三步解题法) 第一步:快速浏览全文,把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意,顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错 误。 第二步:细读文章,找出错误并改正。一般要结合文章的上下文以及出题规律来做题。 第三步:代入正确答案通读全文,看其是否通顺。 出题规律及破解关键 高考短文改错一般会在以下八个方面进行设题。 1. 动词:主要考查时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。例如: ①时态混用 Then the trouble started. We can’t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. 。) (很显然此段的主时态是一般过去式,因此应把can’t改为couldn’t ②主谓不一致 There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening. (a football game决定了谓语动词用单数,故应该把were改为was。) ③固定搭配 He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer. (give up doing sth.是固定用法,故动词buy应该改为buying。) 2. 名词:主要考查单复数混用。例如: Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy. (表示“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式,故应把year改为years。) 3. 形容词/副词:主要考查两者之间是否混用。例如: ①副词代替正确形容词 During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually. (很明显是“与平时相比较更忙”,因此需要把usually改为usual。) ②形容词代替正确副词 As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on —get going!” (显然应把excited改为excitedly,用来修饰动词cheer。) 4. 介词:主要考查固定搭配,特别是动词和介词的搭配。例如: ①介词遗漏 I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster. (get rid of 是固定搭配,意为“摆脱,除去”。) ②介词多余 My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.

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My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 全文都是用的一般现在时,此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符,应改为am。 2.查看主谓是否一致 Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost应改为costs,因其主语是it(为形式主语),且上下文均为一般现在时。 3.查指代是否一致 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人,因此指示代词his应改为their。 4.查平行结构是否平行一致。 由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。 It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行,应改为drive。 5.查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。 We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few 只能修饰复数名词,故subject应改为subjects。 6.查行文逻辑是否一致。

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