(完整)初中英语介词用法详解与练习.

(完整)初中英语介词用法详解与练习.
(完整)初中英语介词用法详解与练习.

词类、句子成分和构词法:

1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介

词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么” 。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day.杰(克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么” 。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to 或for 加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.他(们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?你(的同学汤姆在哪里?)

3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playgroun等d 等。

2、派生法:

(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③ 动词+ing/ed ④ friendly ⑤ dangerous ⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦ English ⑧French ⑨ German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full →fully, good →well, possible→possibly 等等。

3、转换法:

(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean (打扫,弄干净),等等。

(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→ fast 等等。

(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当??时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如:in(到??里)→(在里面;在家),on(在?上)→(进行,继续),

初中英语介词

定义:介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。

※一、表示时间的介词:

1、in , on,at 在??时

in 表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one ' s life , in one 等。 ' s thirties

on 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year ' s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of ?, at the age of ?, at Christmas,at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.

“at 时间点,有on 必有天,in 指月季年,也和色相连” 就是说,有具体的时间点的时候用at,具体那一天用on,说到月份,季节,年份,就用in ;而且说谁穿了什么颜色的衣服的时候,也是用in ??(color)at用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前

2、before 、after

before 表示“在某时刻或某件事之前” ,after 用在时刻或某件事之后

3、by 、until 、 till

(1)by 表示“在 ??之前,到 ??为止”

(2)till 与 until 都有“直到 ?? ”或“直到 ??为止”之意, till 多用于口语, 且不能放在句首, till 和 until 用于肯定句时,主句中动词的动作一致延续到 till 或 until 后的时间为止; till 和 until 用于否定句时, 主句中的动词是瞬间动作, 它 的动作要到 till 或 until 后的时间才发生。

①He can not be back ____ J anuar 直y.到一月份他才回来。 (till/until ) ②We waited ____ 10 o 'clock last night.昨晚我们一直等到 10 点钟。(till/until ) 4.in ,after

两者都有“在一段时间之后”之意,但“ in+ 时间段”表示时间从现在算起, 常用语将来时态;而“ after+时间段 /时间点”表示的时间从过去算起,多用于过 去式。 Eg :

(1)I will finish the work ___ two hours. 两个小时后我将完成这项工作。 (2)He returned his hometown ________ half an yea 半r. 年后他返回了他的故乡。 【考题再现】 No hurry.The bus will arrive _____ ten minutes.

A .at B. for C.in D. by

【解析】在将来时中, in 用在一段时间之前,表示在一段时间之后。故选 C ※二、表示地点的介词: 表示方位的介词: in 、on 、 to

1 In 表示“在 ?内”, on 表示“与?相邻”,to 表示“在 ?之外,又不相邻” ① A is in the northeast of B.②A is on the west of B.③ B is to the east of A.

2、表示“在?之上或之下”的介词

above, over, on 在??上 above 指在??上方 ,不强调是否垂直,与 below 相对; over

在初中阶段常见的固定短语 in English 用英语 儿、不久 in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 细地 in a word 一句话 怎样 in the end 最后 in fact 事实上 面 in some ways 在某些方面

in a minute 一会儿、立刻 in danger 在危险中 in all 总共

in spite of 尽管

in good health 身体健康的 in common 共同的

in a short while 一会 in full 全部地、详 in every case 不管 in

person 亲自

in front of 在 ??前 in public 当众

指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over 与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。

The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

below, under 在??下面under 表示在?正下方below 表示在??下,不一定在正下方3、表示在某地的介词:at、in、on at—表示较小的地点,in—表示较大的地方,on—表示在一个平面上。

4、表示“前、后”的介词

⑴ in front of ,in the front of ,before 表示“在?之前”

in front of = before 表示“在某一范围之外的前面”

in the front of 表示“在某一范围之内的前部”

⑵ at the back of, behind, after三者均有“在?之后”之意,at the back of 是in the front of 的反

义词,表示“在某一范围之内的后部” ,behind 是in front of 的反义词,表示“在某一范围之外的后面” ,

After 可与behind 互换,也可以用于表示运动的词词后面。

5、表示“里外”的介词

⑴in 表示“在?内”,有静止之意,inside表示“在?里面”、“到?里面”,强调“以?为界”之意,

into 表示动作的方向,意为“到?内”。⑵outside是inside的反义词,表示“在?外面”,out of 是into 的反义词,表示“到?外”。

6. from, to, for, into, out of

1)from 从?..

The train started from Paris.

She will fly from Beijing to HK.

2)to 到?.(目的地)去,向?..

He went to Guangzhou last year.

They got to the town very late.

3)for 向?..,表目的方向

He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.

The train for Shanghai has been away.

Towards, to 和for 都可表示方向,其区别如下:Towards仅指朝向某个方向,不一定是目的地,而to 和for 都是“向目的地”。For 作“向(目的地)时,常用于固定搭配中,如:leave for, start for

4) into 进入

Please put the water into the bottle.

The teacher came into the classroom.

5) out of 从?..出来

A girl in red went out of the shop.

They pulled him out of the water.

※三、其他介词

1、表示材料与手段的介词:with, by, in ⑴ with 表示“用某种工具”。如:He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。

注意:with 表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。⑵by指“靠?手段”,“用?方法”,“凭借?动作”,所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象,后接名词、代词或动名词,也可和bus、plane、bike 等表示交通手段的名词连用。

⑶ in 表示“所用材料以及所用的语言、声音、衣饰等”

2、of, from, about

Of 表示“属于?的”,表示数量或种类;from 表示“是哪里人”以及时间或时间的起点来自;about“关于?”、“大约、左右”等。

※ 四、几个已混介词的用法辨析1)表示“在??之间”的介词:between, among between指在两个人或两个事物之间;among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以??方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;with 表示用?工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;in 表示用?方式,用?语言( 语调、笔墨、颜色) 等;He makes a living by selling newspapers.

He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner spoke to us in English.

※五、含有介词的固定搭配

1

2

3

1

( ) 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.

A. on; on

B. at; on

C. in; in

D. in; on

( ) 2 -There is nothing ____ t omorrow afternoon, is there?

-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up

( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born ___ March, 1981.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. since

( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during

( ) 5 My grandfather was born ____ O ct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of

( ) 6 The train is starting___five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still

( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _____ seven _____ the evening.

A. on; to

B. at; in

C. by; of

D. at; on

( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast ___ four hundred years.

A. for past the

B. in the pass

C. in the past

D. for past

( ) 2 We returned to our hometown___.

A. next week

B. in the last week

C. last week

D. for a week

( ) 3 Great changes have taken place___.

A. in the last few year

B. in the last few years

C. last year

D. on the last year 3

( ) 1 Children wake up very early ___ the morning of Christmas Day.

A. in

B. on

C. for

D. at

( ) 2 ___a cold winter morning, I met her at the bus stop.A. In B. On C. At DFor ( ) 3 It happened to be very cold _________ the morning of our sports meet.

A. at

B. on

C. with

D. of

( ) 4 Why did you get up so early ___ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in

4

( ) 1 He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year.

A. in; on

B. on; in

C. on; on

D. in; in

( ) 2 Lucy was born ___ the night of May 12, 1984. . ...A. on B. in C. at D. to

( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China ___ 1996.A.on B. of C. to, D. in

( ) 4 ___ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning___Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for

( ) 5 Ann moved___Hangzhou___September, 1992.

/; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in

( ) 6 They started off___an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on

5

( ) 1 He often goes ___ school __ six thirty ____ the morning.

A. for; to; in

B. to; at in

C. to; for; at D, for; at; to ( ) 2 He arrived ___ Shanghai ___ 9:

30 ___ March 5. f A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on ( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there ________________ half past ten.

A: in B. at C. on D. Of

( ) 4 The children get up ___ 6 o'clock.A. at B. on C. during D. in

6 ( ) 1 The doctor worked___ five hours___ a rest.

A. for; with

B. on; without

C. about; having

D. for; without

( ) 2 I worked on the problem __________ a long time and I worked it

out ___ myself ___ last.

A. for; by; at

B. in; with; on

C. on; by; in

D. for; for; at the ( ) 3 A new factory will be set up:___ a year. A. for B. in C. after D. on ( ) 4 Two years___ he began to write another story-book.

A. after

B. later ;

C. in

D. late

( ) 5 We will finish the picture a day.A. in B. on C. after D. on

( ) 6 The workers had been ___ strike ___ a lmost a month.

A. on; in

B. at; in

C. on; for

D. on; during

( ) 7 Mr Brown had lain __ the ground ___ four hours before they finally

found him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during

7

( ) 1 The teacher is coming back___ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before

( ) 2 She lived in the mountain village ____ the years 1940-1950.

A. between

B. during

C. in

D. since

( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing ____ two days.

A. after

B. in

C. on

D. before

( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ___ the end.A. by B. at C. in D. on

8

( ) 7 Mary had finished her homework ___ the time I got home.

初中英语介词用法归纳总结

初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。

初一英语介词专题讲解及练习

初一英语介词专题讲解及练习 介词: 介词是虚词,不能独立充当句子成分 介词短语能够充当句子成分 介词短语= 介词+介词宾语(名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当) 根据词形,介词分为三类:1简单介词:in, on, from, at, for 合成介词:upon, into, onto, inside, without 成语介词:由两个以上单词合成。in front of, in the middle of, on top of 一、常用固定搭配的介词短语形式 1.动词+ 介词look like; look at; talk to; think of 2.be + 形容词+ 介词be surprised at; be afraid of 3.be + 名词+ 介词be mad at sb; the key to; the way to 4.介词+ 名词at work; at home; at school; at last; on the farm 5.介词+ 名词+ 介词in front of; at the age of; at the end of 6.介词+ 动名词短语after leaving school; after finishing it 7.介词+ 代词for her; from each other; after him 8.其他词+ 介词instead of; because of; according to 举例:1. She looks like her mother. 2. Your coat looks very nice. What’s it made of? 3. Would you please show me the way to the bank? 4. My father is working at the office.

初中英语介词用法总结

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