直接引语变间接引语及宾语从句讲解
英语语法复习
直接引语变间接引语语法讲解
一、人称
人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.”
→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?"
→He asked Kate how her siste r was then.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”
→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
二、时态
直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。
1. She said. “I have lost a pe n.” →She said she had lost a pen.
（现在完成à过去完成）
2. She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so.
(一般现在à一般过去)
3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。”
→She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来→ 过去将来)
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。如：“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
如：Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.”
→Xiao W ang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morning.” →He said he gets up at six every morning.
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had
better，used to)和已经是
过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said，“You had bette r come have today.”
→Peter said I had better go there that day.
4、时态的变化
（1）引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。
（2）引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：
一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完
成时
现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完
成时
一般将来时→过去将来时
（1）含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。
（2）若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
（3）有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
三、其它
直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：指示代词this ---that these --- those
表示时间的词now --- then today --- that day
this week(month, etc.) --- that week (month, etc.)
yesterday --- the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago --- three days(a year)before
tomorrow --- the next (following ) day
next week(month)---the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词here --- there
动词bring --- take come --- go
四、句型：
①直接引语如果是述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→She sa id that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语
从句.如：
He said, “Can you swim, John?” →He asked John if he could swim.
“You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?” my mother asked.
→ My mo ther asked me whether I had finished the homework.
“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”
→ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导
的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用述句语序）。
She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如：“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.
→ She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.
→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：
He said, “ Let’s go to the film.” → He suggested going to the film.
→ He suggested that they should go to see the fi lm.
4. 感叹句----变成由that引导的宾语从句
He said “What a lovely garden it is!”
He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden.
宾语从句
宾语从句小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；
主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；
述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后述式。
一、基本讲解
1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语,就是一般是放在动词或者动词加介词后面的。
Eg: He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
2.连接词
(1) .述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。
e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
(2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是述语序
eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。
a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.
(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用述句语序。
E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?
特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋述句语序。
3.宾语从句时态
a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：
Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?
b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：
I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.）
注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：
He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）
The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）
4.、人称的变化和标点的使用
a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)
“May I use your knife？”He asked me.
→He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me.
→He asked me if I know her telephone number.
b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：
Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know？Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives?
二、宾语从句的转化
1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句
主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths.
→She agreed to help me with my maths.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：
I d on't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park?
4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.
→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
Passage 1(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的容(1个单词)或括号单词的正确形式。
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours 2 ，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with 3 (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5 (painting).Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away 6 car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.
Yangshuo 7 (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 8 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 9 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【语篇导读】山水甲天下，阳朔风光甲。作者讲述了从去阳朔旅游时的所见。
1.解析考查动词的时态。主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。
答案arrived
2.解析考查副词的用法。由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。
答案before/earlier
3.解析考查形容词性物主代词的用法。空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词。
答案its
4.解析考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/ which。
答案that/ which
5.解析考查名词的复数。“so many＋复数名词”为一常用短语。
答案paintings
6.解析考查介词的固定用法。根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by ＋交通工具名词”为一固定短语。
答案by
7.解析考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是单数第三人称形式，因此答案为is。
答案is
8.解析考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。study与conduct之间为动宾关系，
完整版直接引语变间接引语及宾语从句讲解
A 重庆戴氏高考?中考学校（白帝城校区）主讲人：李老师 英语语法复习 直接引语变间接引语语法讲解 一、人称 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： She said. My“ brother wan ts to go with me. ” f She saidher brother wan ted to go with her. 二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称， 或被第二人你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?" f He asked Kate howher sister was the n. 第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr. Smith said，Jack is a good worker. ” f Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 、时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。 1.She said. haVe lost a pen. ” f She said s h ad lost a pen. （现在完成g过去完成） 2.She said. hop e so. ” f She said thhyped so. （一般现在g —般过去） 3.She said, wHle go to see his friend ” f She said hewould go to see his friend. 一般将来 f 过去将来） 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不 变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。如：“The^arth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth ” , the teacher told me. f The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said, “Jw h n^re were you going when I met you in the street? f Jack asked Johnwhere he was going whe n he met him in the street. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said, “was born on April 20, 1980. ” f Xiao Wan g said hewas born on April 20, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接弓I 语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morningf He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had
宾语从句用法详解
宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富) 一、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 1. that引导 We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。 I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。 I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。 We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。 The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。 2. whether / if引导 I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 I didn’t kno w whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。 I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。 He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 She did n’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。 3. 连接代词引导 I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。 You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。 We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。 Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。 You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。 Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。 4. 连接副词引导
直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案)
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习 一．讲解： 在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点： 1．引导词（连词） ①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正 式文体中常省略e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother was a doctor. ②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略 e.g “Are you English?” He asked m e→He asked me if I was English. ③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：what when where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He asked m e→He asked me how old I was. 二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g. She asked, “What does he want?”→She asked what he wanted. He asked me ,“Do you like English?”→He asked me if I liked English. 三．时态的变化： 1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本 原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过 去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg: ① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”→He asked me if I had a dictionary. ② She asked, “What is Tom doing? →She asked what Tom was doing. ③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leave a message on his desk. 2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾 语从句一律使用现在时。eg:① The teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② He said, “Light travels faster than sound. ”→He said that light travels faster than sound. 四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。 五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。 ( )1.He said that he ________speak a little English when he was five. A is able to B able C could D can ( )2.Please tell me where _______have our picnic tomorrow。 A we will B will we C you are D will you ( )3.Did you hear________ clearly? A what he said B what he says C what did he say D how did he said ( )4.He wanted to know why _______up late. A did she get B she got C does she get D she gets ( )5.Could you tell me ________from your house to the factory? A how far it is B it is how far C how far it was D how far is it ( )6.Could you tell me if it _________ tomorrow? A rain B will rain C raining D rains ( )7.Tom asked me ________ English. A if I likes B if I liked C that I like D that I liked ( )8.Our teacher told us the earth ________around the sun. A goes B go C went D going ( )9.Do you remember what________________ when I came in? A Tom is doing B Tom was doing C is Tom doing D was Tom doing ( )10.He asked how many pictures_______。 A did they draw B do they draw C they will draw D they would draw ( )11.They asked if the teacher ________them some songs the next week. A would teach B had taught C will teach D taught ( )12.He asked me if I ________in Shanghai. A live B lived C is living D will live Ⅱ．句型转换。 1. I don’t know what to say. I don’t know ________ ________ ________ ________. 2. “What’s your favorite color” she asked me. She asked me what ________ favorite color _________. 3. “What are you doing?” Jim asked me. Jim asked me ________ ________ ________ __________. 4 Tom said to me, “You are a good student.” Tom told me ________ ________ ________ a good student. 5He said , “I will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.” He said that he ________ ________ to the Great Wall _______ ________ ______. 6“Do you like playing football.” She asked me. She asked me ________ ________ ________ playing football. 7“I can’t work out this math problem.” Tom said. Tom said that ________ ________ work out ____________ math problem. 8 He asked Jim, “ Where does your pen pal come from?” He asked Jim __________ __________ pen pal __________ from. 9. Mary asked Gina, “ Are you ill?” Mary asked Gina _________ ________ __________ ill. 10. Tom said to me , “Pass the ball to me.” Tom ________me ________ ________ the ball to _________.
宾语从句详细讲解(整理)
宾语从句讲解 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句有“四看”： 一看连接词； 引导宾语从句的连接词有三类： 连接词原句句式 that（无词义，在口语中常可省略）陈述句（原句是陈述句） if,whether（是否，不可省略）一般疑问句（原句是一般疑问句） who,whom,which,what,when,where,why,how 特殊疑问句（原句是特殊疑问句）连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever） 在句中有词义，并且充当从句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语。 连接副词(where,when,how,why)在句中有词义，并且充当从句的状 语。 例句：I don’t know if /whether you can help me.我不知道你是否能够帮我。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. =I don’t know whether they will come or not. 我不知道他们来不来。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about.(w hat在从句中作宾语) 我想知道他正在写什么给我们。 We never know what he is.(what在从句中作表语) 我们从不知道他是做什么的。 He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(which在从句中作定语) 他不确定他该买哪件衣服。 I will tell you why I asked you to come.(why在从句中作原因状语) 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 Could you tell me where Tom has gone?（where在从句中作地点状语） 你能告诉我汤姆去哪里了吗？ I want to know when you can finish the work.（when在从句中作时间状语） 我想知道你什么时候能够完成这项工作。 二看时态：主从句时态要一致。主句为现在时态，从句可用任何时态；主句若为过去时态， 从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He said that he would help us.他说他会帮我们的。
直接引语变间接引语超级经典归纳
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(三) ★(四)．连接词 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that 或将that 省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if 或whether 。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who 为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
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高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解.
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宾语从句讲解
宾语从句 宾语从句是的一种。在中充当，位于、或之后的从句称为。宾语从句分为三类：的宾语从句，的宾语从句和的宾语从句。 用法 宾语从句 结构：++由连词引导宾语从句（陈述语序） 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what，how，where，whe n …）。 1）that （无词义，不做成分）；if,whether（表达是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分） that引导表示的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示是否”的的宾语从句。 If和whether的区别： if和whether在作是否”理解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词 know,ask,care,wonder,find out 等之后，后一般不用if。 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。 whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。 在前只能用whether。 一般“no matter示是否”用whether而不用if。 2）主要有： who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等。 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes? 3）主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。 He didn ' t tell me when we should meet aga他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 注：宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。 宾语从句--动宾从句 大多数都可以带宾语从句。 部分“ +结构也可以带宾语从句。 动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有： make sure（确保）、make up one ' s min下决心）、keep in mi nd （牢记）可运用it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候， 则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it （）这主要有： hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,le nd.ha nd,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,sho w,teach,tell 宾语从句--介宾从句 用whether之类的介词宾语从句。 用that,if引导的宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。 宾语从句--形容词+宾从句 有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句；
宾语从句,间接引语
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语法大全：直接引语变间接引语用法(经典版)
直接引语变间接引语的用法 一、如何变人称; 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good work er。 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如： 1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 20, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。 三、如何变状语：
宾语从句用法详解
宾语从句用法详解 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 一、宾语从句用法 宾语从句的时态： 1．主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不现” 2．主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过” 3．主句用过去时，从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。 4．情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone
间接引语总结
间接引语总结 一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语） Mr. Black said that he was busy .布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） 从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I 改成了he, am 则改成了was 。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下： 二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导（that 在口语中常省去），that 从句之前用say 、tell 等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、 人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I ，me ，my ，mine ，we ，us ，our ，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you ，your ，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he ，him ，his ，she ，her ，hers,it ，its,they,their ，theirs ，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I 改为he, it 不变) He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You 改为I, me 改为him, told 改为had told) He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。” He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s →she had ， her 不变，your →my ） 2、 时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语 时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接 引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常 在星期天看电视”。 →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说 他常在星期天看电视。 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用 小刀。 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。” →She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。 He said ，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时 过去将来时 一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时 一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时