英语常见六大时态总结

英语常见六大时态

一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一，是初中英语语法重点。它表示

1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。例如：I go to school on foot. \He is very busy now.

2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。例如：He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.

3)表示客观真理例如：. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.

其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前.其句式变化可分为两种情况

1)表示动作，一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。

例如They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?

2）单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。

如Jenny speaks English very well.→Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.→Does Jenny speak English very well?

含有be动词的要在be上做变化.

如：Danny is a good student.→Danny isn’t a good student.→Is Danny a good student?

常用表示时间的词如：often、usually、always、sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day等。

常见错误如下：

一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中

例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring. 答案：plant

解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”

自我检测：

(一)、单选

1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.

A work; works

B works; work

C work; are working

D is working; work

2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.

A have

B there is

C there are

D has

3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.

A don't rain

B didn't rain

C doesn't rain

D isn't rain

4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.

A rose; set

B rises; sets

C rises, set

D rise; sets

5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.

A like; listen

B likes; listens

C like; are listening

D liking ; listen

6 Jenny____ English every evening.

A has study

B studies

C study

D studied

(二)、填空

1 I can take Li Ming there when he ( come) to visit.

2 your sister (know)English?

3Her home (远离)her school.

4The pot (not look) like yours very much.

5 Where you (have)lunch every day?

6 Who_ (想要)to go swimming?

7 she (do) the housework every day?

8 Jenny and Danny usually (play) games in the afternoon .

二、单三人称形式易出错

例：1 He plaies (play) football very well. 答案：plays

2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案：goes

解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.

三、在句式变换时易出错

例：1. Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 答案：Does have

A .Who

B .How C.What D.Where

3、Don’t tal k here. My mother _____.

A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.

A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes

5 、–----- When_____he_____back? –------ Sorry, I don’t know.

A. does,come

B.are coming

C.is come

D.is coming

（二）、填空

1、It’s ten o’clo ck. My mother (lie)in bed.

2、What he (mend)?

3、We (play)games now.

4、What you (do) these days?

5、he (clean) the classroom?

6、Who （sing)in the next room?

7 、The girl (like)wearing a sweater. Look! She (wear)a red sweater today.

、

常见错误：

一、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错

例：1、They are swiming.(swim) 答案：1.swimming

2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football. 答案：2 .playing

解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。

二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

例：1、Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park. 答案：1 are flying

2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案 2 isn’t reading

解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。

三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)

What are the students in the room?

答案：What are the students doing in the room?

解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”

或简写为“What......doing......”?句式。

四、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式

例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？Are the children running or jump?答案：Are the children running or jumping?

解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。

一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：

1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。

e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.

2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.

3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.

4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?

另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?

结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be动词的过去式为was, were；

行为动词的过去式规则变化有以下几种情况：

1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked;

2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.

3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped;

4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.

句式变化分为两种情况

1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章.

e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980?

2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形.

e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday.

Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+时间"构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now 等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.

自主检测:

（一）选择

1 She lived there before he____to China.

A. came

B. comes

C. come

D. coming

2 I _____but_____nothing.

A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

3 When did you ____here?

A. got to

B. reached

C. arrive in

D. reach

4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

A. finished

B. would finish

C. was finishing

D. finish

5 ------He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?

- -----

A. No, he doesn't

B. Yes, he didn't

C. No, he did

D. Yes, he did.

6 ------I have had supper. ------- When ____you____it?

A. have; had

B. do, have

C. did,have

D. will have

（二）填空

1 They (be) on the farm a moment ago.

2 There (be)a shop not long ago.

3 Jenny (not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

4 Danny (read )English five minutes ago.

5 I (see)Li Lei (go) out just now.

6 He (do)his homework every day. But he (not do)it yesterday.

7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends.

8 ------When _you _(write)this book?

------I it last year.

9 Did he (have) lunch at home?

10 I (eat) the bread, I 'm full now.

常见错误如下:

一、把动词变成过去式易出错

例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now. 答案: 1 stopped

2 They plaied (play) football yesterday. 答案: 2 played

解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y 前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed."

二、忘记把动词变成过去式

例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案: flew

解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".

三、在句式变换时易出错

例: 1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday. 答案: 1 didn't go

2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday? 答案: 2 Did have

解析:请记住口诀"见助动, 用原形."

四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混

例: He taughts (teach) me English last year. 答案: taught

解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.

五、易与现在完成时弄混

例: 我看过这部电影

I saw(see) the film. 答案: I have seen (see) the film.

解析:"我看过这部电影"说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关..

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。常见this year、 tomorrow、next 、from now on ; in the future ; in an hour等时间词。

E.g.They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week.

She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.

结构有如下几种:

1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称)需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo?

变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前.

e.g. She will be back in three days.

She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days?

2)be going to +动词原形

句式变化要在be上做文章.

E.g. They are going to clean their classroom.

They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?

3)现在进行时也可表示将来, E.g I am coming.

常见错误如下：

一、易忽视动词用原形形式

例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday. 答案：1 be

2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school. 答案：2 do

解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.。

二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚

例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。

I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.

答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.

解析：“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g.Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。

自主检测：

（一）、单选

1 _____you ____a doctor when you grow up?

A Will; going to be

B Are; going to be

C Are; /

D Will; be

2 I don’t know if his uncle _____. I thi nk he _____ if it doesn’t rain.

A will come; comes

B will come; will come

C comes; comes

D comes; will come

3 He will be back _____a few minutes.

A with

B for

C on

D in

4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?

A will

B shall

C do

D are

5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.

A finishes

B doesn’t finish

C will finish

D won’t finish

6 There _____some showers this afternoon.

A will be

B will have

C is going to be

D are going to have

7 It ____my brother’s birth day tomorrow. She _____a party.

A is going to be; will have

B will be; is having

C will be; is going to have

D will have; is going to be

8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.

A is

B is going to be

C will be

D will to be

（二）、填空

1 --------“I need some paper.”- --------“I(bring)some for you.”

2 (be)you free tomorrow?

3 They _________(not leave) until you come back.

4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon?

5 They want to know when the meeting _____start.

6 I _____(go) with you if I have time.

7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late.

8What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon?

9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.

10 If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.

三、There be结构的一般将来时易出错

例：There____ B _____ a basketball match this afternoon.

A is going to be

B is going to have

C are going to be

D are going to have

答案：A

解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的.

四、be going to结构中易丢掉to

例：I’m going ___(C)____(go) school by bike tomorrow.

A to will go

B to go to

C go to

D to go

答案：B

解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go to school 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。

过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。

E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.

过去进行时可以从两个方面来理解：

1、过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。

E.g. They were playing football at ten o’clock yesterday morning.

My mother was cooking when I got home.

I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday.

2、过去某阶段持续进行的动作What were you doing during the holiday?

另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时

e.g.Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.

其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing.

其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g.We were working in class.

We weren’t working in class.

Were you working in class?

做题时常见错误如下：

一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词

例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking

解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。

二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in. 答案：1 was watching

2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：2 were playing

解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。

三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问)

What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?

答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?

解析：现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。

四、易与现在进行时弄混

例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home. 答案：was cooking

解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。

五、易与一般过去时弄混

例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。

I read (read) a story book yesterday evening. 答案：was reading

解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。

另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。

e.g.He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.

自我检测：

（一）、单选

1 What ______ from three to four yesterday afternoon?

A have you done

B had you done

C did you do

D were you doing

2 -– I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

--- Oh., I’m sorry I _____ dinner at my friend’s home.

A home

B had

C was having

D have had

3 My mother _____ while my father _____TV.

A cooked; was watching

B was cooking; was watching

C was cooked; watched

D cooked; watched

4 When I got home, my son _____ the music.

A am listening to

B listened to

C was listening to

D was listening

5 We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night.

A were watching

B would watch

C watch

D watched

6 She asked him whether he _____ back for lunch.

A come

B was coming

C came

D had come

7 Could you tell me when ______?

A she is coming

B she was coming

C will be come

D is he coming

8 The teacher ______ when I came into the classroom.

A is drawing

B draws

C has drawn

D was drawing

9 The pizza ______ by my mother. Would you like to have some?

A makes

B was making

C made

D was made

10 Nobody noticed what she ______ at the moment.

A will do

B was doing

C has done

D had done

11 Was it raining hard when you _____ this morning?

A left

B leaves

C was leaving

D would leave

（二）、填空

1 ______ they______ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?

2 Mrs.Green _____ _____ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.

3 Grandpa ______ ______ (mend) his clock when I reached home.

4 As I _____ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.