(整理)心血管英语

(整理)心血管英语
(整理)心血管英语

医学英语词汇通常拼写较长而复杂,且与普通的英文词汇有较大的差异,不容易记忆。比如cardioangiography,但是如果掌握一些医学英语词汇中的词根、词干及前后缀,以及通常的连接方式,便可很快分解其意,cardloangiography是由cardl和angi两个词干以及后缀一graphy构成,cardl和angi分别是心脏和血管的意思,来源于希腊语,与普通的英文heart

和vessel看似相距甚远。后缀一graphy有“记录和写”的意思,其中的元音0只起衔接作用,没有特定意义。一经分析便可知该词的意思是心血管造影。

熟悉医学词汇中的词根、词干、前后缀,以及通常的连接方式有助于正确的将词汇分解并理解其意,还可正确地组成新的构词。这对于生物医学工作者扩大专业词汇量,举一反三快速掌握相关专业词汇和正确的拼写、高效率查阅文献非常有益。本文主要总结介绍了心血管系统常用的词汇的构成,以及主要的词根、词干及前后缀,希望对心血管科研医务人员有所裨益。

1 基本词根

C1.z.s 词根或词干是复合词的核心,主要来源于希腊语和拉丁语。当词根或词干之间相连接或后接后缀时,若连接处无元音字母,需加上连接元音字母0或i,因此,字典中通常列举的是词根/词干+连接元音字母所组成的构词形,这里主要列举出构词形、词义及相关的例词。

cardio:heart心脏(electrocardiogram 心电图,cardiolo—gy心脏病学)

corono:crown,the heart冠,心脏(coronary bypass冠状动脉搭桥术)

aorto:aorta主动脉(aortosclerosis主动脉硬化)

atrio:cavity,atrium 心房(atrioseptop1asty房间隔修补术)

ventrio:ventricle心室(intraventricu1ar block室内传导阻滞)

angio:vessel血管(angiogram血管造影术)

vaso l a vessel血管(vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂)

artero:artery动脉(arteri0stenosis动脉狭窄)

veno:vein静脉(venostasis静脉淤滞)

phlebo:vein静脉(thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎)

stetho:chest胸(stethoscope听诊器stethalgia胸痛)

thoraco:chest胸(thoracomyodynia胸肌痛)

sphygmo:pulse脉搏(sphygmomanometer血压计,sphygmopalpation切脉)

hemo:blood血(hemorrhage出血)

hemato:blood血(hematuria血尿)

plasmo:plasma血浆(plasmapheresis血浆除去法)

thrombo:clot血块(thrombosis血栓形成)

fibro:fiber,fiberous tissue纤维(组织)(myocardial fibrosis心肌纤维化)

agglutino:clumping凝块(agglutinogen凝集原)

globo:round,globe圆的,球(globin球蛋白)

sero:serum 血清(seroenzyme血清酶)

lympho:lymph淋巴(1ym phadenitis淋巴结炎)

athero:fatty buildup脂肪堆积(atherosc1erosis动脉粥样硬化)

myo:muscle肌肉(cardiomyopathy心肌病;myocardium 心肌)

cyto:cell细胞(cytotoxic细胞毒的)

angino:choking阻塞(anginal心绞痛的)

tacho:quick快速(tachycardia心动过速)

brachy:short短的(brachycardia心动过缓)

2 常用后缀加于词根/词干之后,不仅改变其意义,还决定该词的词性,后缀分为简单后缀(如cardiac中的一ac)和复合后缀(如cardiologist中的一logist由log和一ist结合而成).这里主要列出简单后缀中常用的各词性和形容词性后缀,以及与心血管系统有关的复合后缀。

2.1 名词后缀加在词干之后,变成名词。如:

一ia:condition条件或情况(anemia贫血,ischemia缺血)

- itis:inflammation(myocarditis心肌炎)

- osis:abnormal or pathological condition(sclerosis硬化症)

- ism;a condition (embolism栓塞)

一(i)um :与……有关(pericardium心包)

- let:指小词(platelet血小板)

一ulc:指小词(venule小静脉)

一ulum:指小词(vasculum 小血管)

2.2 形容词后缀加在词干之后,变成形容词。如:

- ac,-al,一ar:……的(cardiac心脏的bronchia1支气管的)

- eal:……的(esophageal食道的)

- OUS:(intravenous静脉内的)

一old,类……的,……样的(cystoid囊样的)

2.3 复合后缀由词干和一个简单的后缀构成。如,

一algia:pain(thorcalgia胸痛).

一ectasia l stretching,dilatation扩张(venectasia静脉扩张)

一emia:blood condition血液状况(1eukemia白血病)

一odynia:pain 痛(cardiodynia心痛)

一penia{deficiency不足(1euk0cyt0penia白血球减少)

一uria l urine condition尿的情况(hematuria血尿)

一graphy:process of recording 记录(electrocar—diography心电描记术)

一logy,一logist:学科,学者(cardiology一0脏病学,cardi—ologlst心脏病学家)一lysis:dissolution溶解(hemolysis溶血)

一cyte:cell细胞(1eukocyte白血细胞)

一blast:未分化的原始胚胎细胞(fibroblast成纤维细胞)

一sclerosis:a hardening硬化(arteri0Scler0Sis动脉硬化)

一stenosls l a norrowing狭窄(arteriostensis动脉狭窄)

一tomy:cut,incision切开(pericardiotomy心包切开术)

3 常用前缀.前缀加于词根/词干前限制其意义,多数情况下一个复合词前有一个前缀,有时两个前缀叠加共同限制词义,如endopericarditis中的endo一和peria一;无,非(atypical非典型性的)

an一:无,非(anuria stage无尿期anemia贫血)

anti一:against抗(antldiuretic hormone抗利尿激素)

clrcum一:around环(circumduction环行运动)

contra一:against抗(contraindication禁忌症)

de一:from 从(deoxidation脱氧)

dys一:bad坏,困难(dyssystole心收缩异常)

endo一:inside,inner内部(endogenous内源性的,en—docardial 心内膜的)

epi一:over,upon外部,上(epicardiolysis心外膜松解术)

hyper一:above,excessive超过(hyperglycemia高血糖}

ventricular hypertrophy心室肥厚)

hypo—lunder,less than normal低于正常(hyponatremi—a低钠血症}hyposystole心收缩过弱)

inter一:between在……之间(interventricular septum室间隔)

intra一:within在……之内(intravenous静脉内的)

pars一:beside,alongside旁,附着(paravenous静脉旁的)

peril around周围(endopericarditis心内膜心包炎)

post—l after后(posti~arction syndrome心肌梗塞后综合症)

pre一:before在……之前(precardium心前区)

sub—l under在……之下,亚(subleukemic leukemia亚白血性白血病)

super一:above,over高于,超过(superoxide anion超氧化物阴离子)

supra:above,over高于,超过(supraventricular tachy—cardia室上性心动过速)

医学英语词汇的基本连接方式为前缀+词干+连接元音+ 后缀,前后词缀加于词干的前后来增加或限制其义。当两个词干相拼或词干后加后缀,如hyper/glyc/emia,supra/ventr~ul/arI也可以词干+后缀,如hemo/lysis}也可以是多个词干叠加在一起,中间由元音O或i连接(连接元音连接词干与词干或词干与后缀。元音O是使用最为广泛的连接元音,其次是元i和a.),如cardio/plegia .

组成医学词汇的英文词干词缀来自拉丁语和希腊语,因此有时可见拼写不同的但意义相同的词,如hypodermic和subcutaneous都表示“皮下” .thorcalgia和stethalgia都指“胸

痛” .Cardio-angiology和cardio-vasology都是“心血管学” 的意思。但绝大多数情况下有约定俗成的表示法,不可随意更改。词条各成分之间相连接时遵循一定的顺序,如改变顺序,则可能完全改变词义,或词条根本不存在。如phagocyte是“吞噬细胞”的意思,而cytophagy 则指“吞噬细胞作用” cardiomyopathy与myocardiopathy意义也稍有不同。

掌握一定数量的医学词汇的词千和词缀,以及熟悉构词的一般规律和特殊的情况,可以“记一当十” ,使得枯燥的医学专业词汇富有意味,从而大大地缩短记忆词汇的时间和查阅医学文献的效率,取得事半功倍的效果。同时在有必要构筑新词时有可靠的依据,便于同行理解和领会新词的含义。

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Chaper 1 psychoanalysis n. 精神分析brain n. 脑 intestine n.肠inflammation n.炎症endoscope n.内镜pancreas n.胰腺psychology n.心理学electrocardiogram n.心电图enteritis n.肠炎tumor n.肿瘤 muscle n.肌肉organ n.器官 abdomen n.腹(部)organism n.有机体,生物体surgeon n.外科医生surgery n.外科(学)malignant a.恶性的immune n.免疫 tissue n.组织molecule n.分子,微小颗粒urine n.尿液stool n.大便,粪便vertebra n.椎骨formula n.处方 cortex n.皮质,皮层appendix n.阑尾 thorax n.胸larynx n. 喉 pharynx n.咽 Chapter 2 kidney n.肾脏receptor n.感受器,受体chromosome n.染色体embryo n.胚胎 gene n.基因catabolism n.分解代谢

anabolism n.合成代谢infection n.感染puncture n.穿刺fat n.脂肪 spine n.脊柱exocrine a.外分泌的cartilage n.软骨spleen n.脾脏gallbladder n.胆囊digestive system 消化系统urinary a.泌尿的respiratory a.呼吸的uterus n.子宫skull n.头颅,头骨pelvic cavity 盆腔trachea n.气管esophagus n.食管bronchial tube 支气管aorta n.主动脉diaphragm n.横膈膜pleura(复,pleurae)n.胸膜urinary bladder 膀胱rectum n.直肠cartilage n.软骨umbilicus n.脐ovary n.卵巢 inferior a.下面的superior a.上面的skeletal muscle 骨骼肌striated muscle 横纹肌 Chapter 3 capillary n.毛细血管artery n.动脉chamber n.腔,小室atrium n.心房ventricle n.室,脑室,心室valve n.瓣膜 mitral a.僧帽状的,二尖瓣的breastbone n.胸骨

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心理学是什么--What Psychology Is Why people do the things they do is an age-old question. However, psychology--the science concerned with behavior, both humans and animals--is only about 125 years old. Despite its youth, it is a broad discipline, essentially spanning subject matter from biology to sociology. Biology studies the structures and functions of living organisms. Sociology examines how groups function in society. Psychologists study two critical relationships: one between brain function and behavior, and one between the environment and behavior. As scientists, psychologists follow scientific methods, using careful observation, experimentation, and analysis. But psychologists also need to be creative in the way they apply scientific findings. Psychologists are frequently innovators, evolving new approaches from established knowledge to meet changing needs of people and societies. They develop theories and test them through their research. As this research yields new information, these findings become part of the body of knowledge that practitioners call on in their work with clients and patients. Psychology is a tremendously varied field. Psychologists conduct both basic and applied research, serve as consultants to communities and organizations, diagnose and treat people, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality. They assess behavioral and mental function and well-being, stepping in to help where appropriate. They study how human beings relate to each other and also to machines, and they work to improve these relationships. And with America undergoing large changes in its population makeup, psychologists bring important knowledge and skills to understanding diverse cultures. Many psychologists work independently. They also team up with other professionals--for example, other scientists, physicians, lawyers, school personnel, computer experts, engineers, policy makers, and managers--to contribute to every area of society. Thus we find them in laboratories, hospitals, courtrooms, schools and universities, community health centers, prisons, and corporate offices. Psychologists traditionally study both normal and abnormal functioning, and also treat patients with mental and emotional problems. Today, they are increasingly concentrating on behaviors that affect the mental and emotional health and mental processes of healthy human beings. For example, they work with business executives, performers, and athletes to combat stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and collaborate with educators on school reform. They show up immediately following a disaster such as a plane crash or bombing, to help victims and bystanders recover from the trauma, or shock, of the event. They team with law enforcement and public health officials to analyze the causes of such events and prevent their occurrence. Involved in all aspects of our fast-paced world, psychologists must keep up with what's happening all around us. When you're a psychologist, your education never ends. Psychology is a discipline with a bright future. Among fields requiring a college degree, it is expected to be the third fastest-growing field in America through the year 2005 and to continue to grow steadily for at least another dozen years after that. Opportunities for work in psychology are expanding in number and scope. The move toward preventing illness, rather than merely diagnosing and treating it, requires people to learn how to make healthy behavior a routine part of living. Indeed, many of the problems facing society today are problems about behavior, for example, drug addiction, poor personal relationships, violence at home and in the street, and the harm we do to our environment. Psychologists contribute solutions to problems through careful collection of data, analysis of data, and development of intervention strategies--in other words, by

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Dear Sir: Thank you for giving me the chance to interview and it is my pleasure to introduce myself to you. My name is…., born in ...., ….city, ….province. I major in ……and I will graduate from the…….. Medical University in July, 2010. Hope a chance to work and develop in your department. During the past three years, under the strict guidance of my tutor, professor ……in college of ………, I have learned systematically the theory of profession and got the basic manipulative skills about …….. With the help of my supervisor, I have successfully finished the subject “………” and grasped some experimental skill , such as cell culture, DNA extraction and other molecular biology technique; abstraction, separation, ….. .. I passed the CET band 4 test in2006, after that, I tried my best to learn Medical English and mastered a lot of professional vocabulary. I am good at listening, speaking, reading and writing.. I can manipulate computer proficiently and master Microsoft Office software, also be familiar with SPSS and Photoshop, etc. During three-year study in research, I studied hard and strived for excellence in our field. I benefit from working together with excellent colleague. I developed quality of diligence, responsibility, kindness and honesty. My inter nship in college of ….. could qualify me for this job, and I believe I can be fit for the position quickly. I am looking forward to working in your department. If I am admitted, I will be thankful and try my best to work for you. Thank you very much. 简单一点的 Hello, everyone, my name is Alice, I am from Medical college of Xi’an Jiaotong University. My hometown is Xi’an, Shanxi province. I am so lucky to be here for this interview. At the very beginning, I would like to talk about my major. When I was an undergraduate student, I studied clinical medicine for five years in Jiaotong University. During my graduating education, my major is internal medicine, specifically, it’s about digestive diseases, like HBV, immune gastroenteritic diseases, and so on. I worked very hard on my study and clinical practice all through the past 8 years, and gradually, I have mastered a lot of useful knowledge and skills about my major. Em, as for my English, I have passed the CET-6 college English test, besides, in order to keep my interest of English,I also studied Advanced Oral English for one year,and now I am good at speaking and writing English.

(完整版)心理学专业英语总结(完整)

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病例分析——冠心病

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临床医学概要病例分析

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医学生研究生复试英语自我介绍

医学生研究生复试英语自我介绍 lls than the knowledge ifself. Because in the mordern world ,as you know, knowledge is updating day and night, but if you prosess the ability of “how to learn”, then you can keep up with the development of society. In order to get the opportunity for this interview, I have been waiting too long and made pain-staking efforts to stay here. It’s the second year that I take the national postgraduate entrance examinations.I think that is my disadvantage . But every coin has two sides , that’s a lso my advantage to some extent. Because during the course of preparing the exam, I have developed good self-learning skills and time-planning abilities. I have found the most efficient learing method that conforms to me. Most importantly, I have developed a strong heart towards setbacks and difficulties. This experieces will be unfogettable throughout my life. I will never foget the time that I was told my score for the primary exam. Then I confirmed my believings----fortune always appreciate a hard-working man. Thank you for your attention! Good morning, dear professors.

心理学专业英语词汇汇总

心理现象 mental phenomenon 心理过程 mental process 心理状态 mental state 心理活动 mental activity 意识 consciousness 心理维度 psychological dimension 心理运动 psychomotor 内部活动 internal activity 普通心理学 general psychology 实验心理学 experimental psychology 行为科学 behavioral science 心身关系 mind-body relation 心理机能定位 localization of mental function 心理能动性 mental activism 外周论 peripheralism 先天理论 nativistic theory 强调遗传素质决定人心理的产生与发展。 遗传 heredity 目的论 teleology 认为生物和人类的活动受一定目的的引导。 活动 activity 活动理论 activity theory 认知心理学 cognitive psychology 认知 cognition 相对于情感、意志等心理过程的所有认识过程的总称。包括知觉、注意、表象、学习记忆、问题解决、思维和言语等心理过程。 认知过程 cognitive process 认知结构 cognitive structure 元认知 metacognition

认知失调 cognitive dissonance 认知地图 cognitive map 认知技能 cognitive skill 认知方式 cognitive style 信息 information 信息论 information theory 信息加工 information processing 信息加工心理学 information processing psychology 信息加工理论 information processing theory 信息加工模型 information processing model 中央处理器模型 central processor model 信息储存 information storage 信息提取 information retrieval 人工智能 artificial intelligence, AI 计算机类比 computer analogy 计算机模拟 computer simulation 计算机模型 computer model 唯心主义心理学 idealistic psychology 意动心理学 act psychology 唯意志论 voluntarism 唯灵论 spiritualism 强调超自然精神作用。 心灵学 parapsychology 心灵决定论 psychic determinism 心灵致动 psychokinesis, PK 心理技术学 psychotechnics 内省 introspection 内省法 introspective method 直觉主义 intuitionalism

病例分析总结

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(完整版)医学专业英语

cardiovascular diseases; 脑垂体的功能the function of pituitary; 泌尿道urinary tract; 分子molecule; 动脉artery; 内分泌学endocrinology; 呼吸困难dyspnea; 唾液saliva; 组织学histology; 血液循环blood circulation; 血液学hematology; 生理学physiology; 解剖学anatomy; 女性生殖系统femal reproductive system; 神经细胞nerve cell; 免疫学immunology; 消化不良dyspepsia; 随意肌voluntary muscle; 胚胎学embryology; 心理学psychology; 细胞学cytology; 原生质protoplasm; 细胞膜cell membrane; 细胞核nucleus; 细胞质(浆)cytoplasm; 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid; 能半渗透的semipermeable; 分子生物学molecular biology; 碳水化合物carbohydrate; 有区别性的differentially; 使…完整intact; 根据according to; 遗传特性hereditary trait; 渗滤diffusion; 转换transaction; 蓝图blueprint; 染色体chromosome; 色素pigment; 排出废液excrete waste fluid; 散开disperse; 脉冲信号impulse; 核糖核酸ribonucleic acid; 损害正常功能impair the normal function; 污染环境pollute environment; 功能失调malfunction; 致病因子causative agents; 易受侵害的人群vulnerable groups; 局部化的感染localized infection; 花柳病venereal disease; 抗原与抗体antigen&antibody; 肌电图electromyogram; 多发性硬化multiple sclerosis; 心电图electrocardiograph; 疾病的后遗症sequelea of disease; 光纤技术fiber optic technology; 造血系统hematopoietic system; 致命的疾病fatal disease; 体液body fluid; 无副作用的治疗hazard-free treatment; 无侵犯的实验检查non-invasive laboratory test; 核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance; 葡萄糖耐糖实验the glucose-tolerance test; 乐观的预后optimistic prognosis; 超声波检测法ultrasonography; 病史medical history; 随访活动follow-up visit; 营养不良nutritional deficiency; 使细节显著highlight detail; 脑电图electroencephalogram; 缺血的组织blood-starved tissue; 肌纤维muscle fiber; 随意肌voluntary muscle; 消化道alimentary canal; 肌腹fleshy belly of muscle; 横纹肌striated muscle; 肌肉痉挛cramps of muscle; 肌肉收缩muscle contraction; 肌肉附着点attachment of the muscle; 肌肉放松relaxation of muscle; 动脉出血arterial hemorrhage; 止端insertion;起端origion;供血blood supply; 屈肌flexor; 蛋白分子protein molecule; 纤维结缔组织fibrous connective tissue; 伸肌extensor; 意志力willpower; 横切面transverse section; 起搏器pacemaker; 肌萎缩muscle atrophy; 重症肌无力myasthenia gravis; 弥散性局部缺血diffuse ischemia; 常染色体隐性autosomal recessive; 全身性感染systemic infection; 受累的肌肉muscle involved; 显著相关性significant correlation; 神经末梢nerve terminal; 自体免疫反应autoimmune reaction; 神经支配innervation; 肌营养不良muscular dystrophy; 慢性营养不良chronic mulnutrition; 先天性肌病congenital myopathy; 预期寿命life expectancy; 免疫紊乱immunologic derangemant; 发病高峰年龄the peak age of onset; 胸腺肿瘤thymoma; 呼吸肌受累the involvement of respiratory muscle; 感染性肌炎inflammatory myositic; 去神经支配denervation; 矿物质吸收mineral absorption; 机械应力mechanical stress; 骨基质有机部分the organic parts of bone matrix; 青春期早熟premature puberty; 蛋白溶解酶protein-digesting enzyme; 破骨细胞osteoclast; 松质骨spongy bone; 骨折fracture; 不规则骨irregular bone; 骨骼系统skeletal system; 维生素吸收vitamin absorption; 骨钙丧失the loss of calcium from bone; 生长激素growth hormone;

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