海员机工英语考试题库单词
1/captain A：海员B：大副C：船长D：水手长
2/chief engineer A：大管轮B：管事C：机工D：轮机长
3/motorman A：机工B：水手C：二副D：木匠
4/sailor A：服务员B：水手C：三管轮D：海员
5/chief officer A：大副B：二管轮C：管事D：水手长
6/second engineer A：轮机长B：大管轮C：二管轮D：二副
7/carpenter A：管事B：水手C：木匠D：二副
8/third engineer A：三副B：服务员C：大管轮D：二管轮
9/third officer A：三副B：三管轮C：二副D：二管轮
10/seaman A：船长B：海员C：三副D：管事
11/bridge A：大厅B：会议室C：驾驶台D：厨房
12/cabin A：机舱B厕所C：驾驶台D：舱室
13/smoking room A：吸烟室B：机舱C：锅炉房D：进口
14/steering gear room A：出口B：舵机房C：机舱D：驾驶台
15/engine room A：大厅B：物料间C：机舱D：厨房
16/meeting room A：大厅B：吸烟室C：锅炉房D：会议室
17/hospital A：医院B：浴室C：物料间D：泵间
18/control room A：冷藏间B：控制室C：货舱D：空调间
19/cargo hold A：物料间B：驾驶台C：货舱D：蔬菜间
20/store room A：泵间B：控制室C：鱼肉间D：物料间
21/crew A：全体船员B：船长C：管事D：服务员22/second officer A：三副B：二副C：大副D：水手
23/bosun A：木匠B：海员C：水手长D：机工
24/fourth engineer A：二管轮B：大管轮C：轮机长D：三管轮
25/purser A：管事B：机工C：木匠D：水手
26/steward A：医生B：服务员C：管事D：大副
27/doctor A：服务员B：水手C：医生D：管事
28/engineer A：机工B：二副C：船长D：轮机员
29/officer A：驾驶员B：轮机员C：服务员D：船员
30/motorman A：水手B：机工C：大副D：大管轮
31/calipers A：卷尺B：扳手C：卡钳D：斧子
32/pipe wrench A：榔头B：车床C：锯子D：管钳
33/file A：锉刀B：台钳C：刨床D：刮刀
34/hammer A：扳手B：榔头／铁锤C：车刀D：螺丝刀35/flexible ruler A：卡钳B：扳手C：管钳D：卷尺
36/spanner A：扳手B：刮刀C：斧子D：车刀
37/bench vice A：榔头B：台钳C：钻D：手电筒
38/scraper A：车床B：斧子C：刮刀D：螺丝攻
39/lathe A：台钳B：斧子C：刨床D：车床
40/planer A：刨床B：车床C：斧子D：管钳
41/turning tool A：锉刀B：车刀C：刮刀D：螺丝刀
42/saw A：凿子B：斧子C：锯子D：台钳
43/axe A：锯子B：钻C：斧子D：刨床
44/drill A：卷尺B：榔头C：电焊机D：钻
45/tap A：螺丝攻B：螺丝C：手电筒D：起吊工具46/electric welding machine A：风焊机B：电焊机C：螺丝刀D：螺丝攻47/gas welding machine A：手电筒B：牛油枪C：风焊机D：刮刀
48/screw driver A：电焊机B：螺丝C：螺丝攻D：螺丝刀
49/grease gun A：牛油枪B：手电筒C：起吊工具D：螺丝刀50/lifting gear A：螺丝刀B：起吊工具C：手电筒D：斧子51/flash light A：斧子B：牛油枪C：手电筒D：风焊机52/packing the knife A：车刀B：卡钳C：尺子D：盘根刀53/ruler A：尺子B：锯条C：砂轮D：车刀
54/box spanner A：卡钳B：套筒扳手C：台钳D：环形扳手55/ring spanner A：套筒扳手B：活络扳手C：环形扳手D：车床
56/adjustable spanner A：凿子B：环形扳手C：榔头D：活络扳手57/puncher A：冲床B：磨床C：车床D：刨床
58/grinder A：冲床B：磨床C：刨床D：车床
59/tool A：锉刀B：车床C：工具D：螺丝60/drill machine A：车床B：刨床C：冲床D：钻床
61/two stroke engine A：二冲程发动机B：四冲程发动机C：吸气冲程D：压缩冲程62/four stroke engine A：二冲程发动机B：四冲程发动机C：压缩冲程D：吸气冲程63/suction stroke A：排气冲程B：压缩冲程C：吸气冲程D：做功冲程64//compression stroke A：压缩冲程B：排气冲程C：做功冲程D：吸气冲程65/exhaust stroke A：排气冲程B：压缩冲程C：做功冲程D：吸气冲程
66/working stroke A：吸气冲程B：做功冲程C：压缩冲程D：排气冲程67/cylinder A：活塞B：十字头C：气缸D：曲柄
68/cylinder liner A：气缸套B：气缸C：气缸盖D：气缸衬
69/cylinder jacket A：气缸套B：填料箱C：扫气箱D：机架
70/cylinder cover A：气缸衬B：气缸盖C：气缸套D：扫气口
71/stuffing box A：活塞头B：扫气口C：填料箱D：排气口
72/piston A：机座B：底座C：连杆D：活塞
73/piston head A：活塞头B：活塞裙C：活塞杆D：活塞74/piston skirt A：活塞B：活塞裙C：活塞头D：活塞杆
75/piston rod A：活塞B：活塞头C：活塞杆D：活塞裙76/crosshead A：曲柄B：活塞C：连杆D：十字头
77/connecting rod A：连杆B：增压器C：底座D：排气口
78/crank A：连杆B：曲柄C：主轴D：喷嘴
79/propeller A：盘车机B：飞轮C：螺旋桨D：摇臂
80/turbocharger A：喷嘴B：控制台C：操纵台D：涡轮增压器81/turning gear A：盘车机B：螺旋桨C：调节器D：飞轮
82/fuel injection A：喷嘴B：喷油器C：注油器D：活塞头
83/governor A：警报器B：调节器C：调速器D：喷油器
84/regulator A：调速器B：喷油器C：警报器D：调节器
85/alarm A：警报器B：调速器C：喷油器D：调节器
86/frame A：柴油机B：机架C：气缸D：活塞
87/crankshaft A：主轴B：曲柄C：曲轴D：主轴承
88/main shaft A：曲轴B：轴承C：轴D：主轴
89/cooling system A：冷却系统B：润滑系统C：燃油系统D：空气起动系统
90/fuel oil system A：冷却期统B：燃油系统C：空气起动系统D：润滑系统
91/bilge pump A：压载泵B：油泵C：船底排水泵D：水泵92/fire pump A：消防泵B：冷却水泵C：船底排水泵D：海水泵93/circulating pump A：压载泵B：油泵C：循环泵D：淡水泵94/oil pump A：消防泵B：油泵C：船底排水泵D：水泵95/ water feed pump A：供油泵B：污水泵C：压载泵D：供水泵96/ booster pump A：燃油泵B：柴油泵C：增压泵D：减压泵97/shaft A：轴B：连杆C：活塞D：轴承98/bearing A：轴封B：机轴C：轴承D：轴套99/shaft seal A：轴衬B：轴环C：轴管D：轴封100/impeller A：轴杆B：螺旋桨C：轴弄D：叶轮101/ pillow A：轴枕B：轴座C：轴销D：轴柱102/tail bearing A：尾轴承B：连杆C：轴承D：轴承上瓦103/cargo winch A：起重机B：起货机C：绞盘机D：起锚机104/windlass A：起重机B：锚C：锚机D：起货机105/air conditioner A：冷空气B：空气箱C：空调D：气塞106/steering gear A：舵轮B：操作器C：齿轮D：舵机107/oil separator A：分油机B：油泵C：分离机D：油过滤器108/boiler A：火炉B：气缸C：活塞D：锅炉109/derrick A：吊杆B：轴杆C：吊绳D：锚110/generator A：电源开关B：造水机C：分油机D：发电机111/propeller A：发电机B：螺旋桨C：搅拌机D：叶轮112/fresh water generator A：发电机B：造水机C：水箱D：淡水机113/crane A：起动机B：起锚机C：起重机D：绞盘机114/ grab A：抓斗B：运粮机C：漏斗D：起货机115/funnel A：隧道B：烟囱C：水箱D：水管116/ mast A：吊杆B：大桅C：帆布D：连杆117/radar A：雷达B：导向仪C：测向仪D：车钟118/ water tank A：油罐B：水柜C：水房D：淡水机119/telegraph A：电话B：雷达C：电报机D：车钟120/ oil tank A：油柜B：水柜C：油泵D：水泵121/ oil pump A：油罐B：水柜C：油泵D：油柜122/ watertight door A：水门B：水密舱C：水房D：水密门123/ filter A：过滤器B：供油器C：空调D：淡水机124/ donkey boiler A：过滤器B：锅炉C：空调D：辅锅炉125/ refrigerator A：压缩机B：分油器C：增压器D：制冷机126/ alarm A：起动阀B：气缸C：警报器D：过滤器127/ lathe A：车刀B：车间C：车床D：刨床128/ emergency generator A：应急警报器B：应急造水机C：应急发电机D：应急调速器129/ boiler feed pump A：气缸给水泵B：锅炉给水泵C：锅炉水泵D：气缸水泵130/ ventilator A：通风机B：分油机C：空调D：过滤器131/turbocharger A：调速器B：调节器C：涡沦增压器D：加速器132/compressor A：增压器B：制冷机C：压缩机D：分油机
133/ condenser A：冷凝器B：调速器C：滤油器D：加速器134/ capstan A：起货机B：压缩机C：起重机D：绞盘135/ pressure gauge A：温度表B：湿度计C：压力表D：转速表136/ governor A：调节器B：调速器C：警报器D：过滤器137/ auxiliary engine A：辅机B：主机C：热机D：内燃机138/ ventilator A：通风机B：分流机C：空调D：过滤器139/ incinerator A：锅炉B：发电机C：焚烧炉D：注油器140/ electric welding machine A：电热器B：电车床C：风焊机D：电焊机141/ turbine A：锅炉B：涡轮机C：加速器D：增压器142/ steam turbine A：蒸汽锅炉B：蒸汽增压机C：蒸汽加速器D：汽轮机143/ ballast pump A：压载泵B：压缩泵C：压水泵D：增压器144/ oil purifier A：分油机B：造水机C：加油器D：净油机145/ turning gear A：转轮B：涡轮C：飞轮D：盘车机146/exhaust valve A：吸入阀B：应急阀C：排气阀D：减压阀147/ anchor A：舵轮B：舵机C：缆桩D：锚148/ pilot lamp A：日光灯B：指示灯C：装货灯D：照明灯149/ monitor A：监控器B：遥控器C：加速器D：增压器150/ donkey boiler A：主机锅炉B：蒸汽锅炉C：辅助锅炉D：废水锅炉151/windlass A：绞盘B：起重机C：起货机D：起锚机152 air conditioner A：冷凝机B：空气箱C：气阀D：空调153/steering gear A：舵机B：操作轮C：齿轮D：舵轮154/ radiator A：雷达B：散热器C：放射D：电磁器155/ fan A：转轮B：风扇C：飞轮D：分机156/watertight door A：水密门B：水门C：水密舱D：水密阀157/ cabin A：船长B：船头C：船尾D：船舱158/ ladder A：借出B：电灯C：梯子D：雷达159/ injector A：喷嘴B：注射C：加油器D：增压器160/condenser A：调速器B：加速器C：冷凝器D：清洁器161/compass A：包括B：超越C：指南针D：电罗经162/grinding wheel A：舵轮B：砂轮C：车轮D：抛光机163/ M.E A：马达B：主机C：齿轮D：舵轮
1/ emergency stop valve A、截止阀B、速闭阀C、停止阀D、应急泵2/ emergency fire pump A、应急救火泵B、速闭阀C、停止阀D、应急发电机3/ emergency generator A、应急救火泵B、速闭阀C、停止阀D、应急发电机4/ life boat engine A、应急救火泵B、速闭阀C、救生艇机D、应急空压机
5/ emergency air compressor A、应急发电机B、舱底水泵C、停止阀D、应急空压机
6 bilge pump A、压载水泵B、舱底水泵C、油水分离器D、应急空压机
7 oil water separator A、压载水泵B、舱底水泵C、油水分离器D、应急空压机
8 incinerator A、焚烧炉B、舱底水泵C、油水分离器D、压载水泵
9 gas oil A、轻油B、重油C、燃油D、柴油
10 heavy fuel oil A、轻油B、重油C、燃油D、柴油
11 diesel oil A、轻油B、重油C、燃油D、柴油
12 lube oil A、轻油B、重油C、润滑油D、柴油
13 grease A、轻油B、油脂C、燃料油D、柴油
14 fire extinguisher A、灭火器B、泡沫C、二氧化碳D、干粉
15 CO2 system A、灭火器B、泡沫C、二氧化碳系统D、干粉
16 FIRE ALARM A、灭火器B、火灾警报C、灭火系统D、救火泵
17 dry powder A、灭火剂B、火灾警报C、灭火系统D、干粉
18 hydrant A、灭火器B、消防栓C、灭火剂D、干粉
19 foam A、消防皮龙B、消防栓C、泡沫D、干粉
20 hoses A、灭火器B、消防栓C、泡沫D、消防皮龙
21 M/E A、发电机B、停车C、主机D、锚机
22 G/E A、发电机B、停车C、主车D、锚机
23 A/C A、直流电B、交流电C、发电机D、柴油机
24 D/C A、直流电B、交流电C、发电机D、直流电
25 ALARM A、故障B、警报C、值班D、锚机
26 FAULT A、故障B、警报C、值班D、锚机
27 DUTY ENGINEER A、故障B、警报C、锚机D、值班轮机员
28 rpm A、马力B、千瓦C、转/分D、故障
29 H/P A、马力B、千瓦C、转/分D、故障
30 M/V A、马力B、内燃机船C、转/分D、主机
31 D/O A、淡水B、海水C、燃油D、柴油
32 F/O A、淡水B、海水C、燃油D、柴油
33 F/W A、淡水B、海水C、燃油D、柴油
34 S/W A、淡水B、海水C、燃油D、柴油
35 A/B A、开关B、水手C、人工D、自动
36 ON A、开关B、合闸C、松闸D、自动
37 OFF A、开关B、合闸C、松闸D、自动
38 AUTO A、开关B、合闸C、松闸D、自动
39 MUNUAL A、开关B、人工C、运转D、自动
40 RUNNING A、运转B、人工C、开关D、自动
41 Standby engine A、微速前进B、停车C、备车D、完车
42 Dead slow ahead A、微速前进B、慢速前进C、微速后退D、全速后退
43 Slow ahead A、半速前进B、慢速前进C、微速后退D、全速后退
44 Half ahead A、微速前进B、全速后退C、微速后退D、半速前进
45 Full ahead A、慢速前进B、全速前进C、半速后退D、全速后退
46 Slow ahead starboard A、左车慢速前进B、右车微速前进C、左车微速后退
D、右车半速后退
47 Slow ahead portA、左车慢速前进B、左车微速前进C、右车微速后退D、右车半速后退
48 Dead slow astern A、半速前进B、慢速前进C、微速后退D、全速后退
49 Slow astern A、半速前进B、慢速前进C、微速后退D、慢速后退
50 Half astern A、半速前进B、慢速前进C、微速后退D、半速后退
51 Full astern A、全速后退B、慢速前进C、微速后退D、全速前进
52 Half astern port A、左车慢速前进B、左车半速后退C、右车微速后退D、右车微速前进
53 Half astern starboardA、左车慢速前进B、右车微速前进C、右车半速后退D、
左车半速后退
54 Stop starboard A、右车停B、双车停C、主机定速D、左车停
55 Slow ahead both enginesA、左车微速前进B、双车微速进C、主机定速
D、右车微速进
56 Full astern both engines A、双车全速退B、停车C、主机定速D、微速前进
57 Stop engine A、微速前进B、停车C、备车D、完车
58 Ring off engines A、微速前进B、停车C、主机定速D、备车
59 Finished with engine A、主机定速B、停车C、备车D、完车
60 Emergency full astern A、主机定速B、停车C、双车停D、强速后退
61 Port fifteen A、左15度B、右15度C、右50度D、左50度
62 Starboard fifteen A、左15度B、右50度C、右15度D、左50度
63 Port 10°A、左舵10 B、右舵10 C、左右舵10 D、右10度
64 Starboard 5°A、左右舵5 B、右舵5 C、左5度D、左舵5
(完整版)成人学士学位英语单词(史上最全)
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capacity capacity n.能力，才能；性能；容量 [语境]The lift has a capacity of 15 persons. 这部电梯的载容量为15人。 Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others. 有的人享得起福，有的人享不起福。 [考点]at capacity 以最大的程度 capital capital n.首都；资本；资源；大写字母；adj.极好的；死刑的；资本的；首都的； [语境]The criminal was sentenced to capital punishment. 罪犯被判处死刑。 London is spelt with a capital L. London—词中L是大写的。 [考点]political capital 政治资本 labour and capital 劳资双方 capital outflow 资金外流 make capital out of 利用 car car n.汽车，车辆，车；（火车）车厢 [语境]Car bombs have become essential terrorist weapons. 汽车炸弹已经成为恐怖主要的武器。 care care 小心；关怀，照料 v.（about）关心，介意，计较 [语境]He cares very little for fame and gain 他对名利很淡薄。 [考点]care about 关心，担心 care for 喜欢 care of 照料；关怀；处理 careful careful 小心的，仔细的；细致的，精心的 [巧记]派生词：carefully （adv.小心地，谨慎地）carefiilness （n.仔细，慎重） [语境]Be double carefiil when you cross the street. 你过街时要加倍小心。 careless careless 粗心的，草率的；随便的，不介意；不关心的，冷漠的 [语境]She‘s careless about her clothes. 她对穿着一点儿都不讲究。
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A.to have translated B.to be translate C.to have been translated D.to translate 【答案】C。本题考查动词不定式的用法。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式，而不定式的完成时态所表示的动作发生在谓语的动作或状态之前。本题即是不定式的被动结构和完成时的结合，因此选择C。 3.It ( )me as an uphill battle, simply because it is an awkward and time-consuming process. A. appears B. occurs C. strikes D. hits 【答案】C。单词用法。A和B都是不及物动词，如：it occurs to sb.(that)想起，想到，如：It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her.他从未想过会
海员机工英语考试题库单词
１／ｃaptaｉn Ａ：海员B：大副C:船长Ｄ:水手长 2／chief ｅngｉneｅrＡ：大管轮Ｂ:管事C:机工D：轮机长3／mｏtormaｎA：机工Ｂ：水手C：二副D：木匠 ４/ｓａilor A：服务员B：水手C:三管轮D：海员5/chief officｅr A:大副Ｂ:二管轮Ｃ:管事D：水手长 6/second enｇｉneer A:轮机长B：大管轮Ｃ：二管轮D：二副 7／carｐenter A:管事Ｂ：水手C：木匠Ｄ：二副 ８/third ｅｎgｉneｅr A:三副Ｂ：服务员C：大管轮D:二管轮9／thiｒｄofｆiceｒA:三副B：三管轮C：二副D：二管轮 10/ｓeamａn Ａ:船长B:海员C：三副D：管事 11/ｂrｉｄｇｅA:大厅Ｂ：会议室Ｃ：驾驶台Ｄ:厨房 12/cａbin Ａ：机舱B厕所Ｃ:驾驶台D：舱室 １3/smoｋiｎg roomＡ:吸烟室Ｂ:机舱C:锅炉房D：进口 14/ｓteeｒｉng gｅａr rｏｏm A：出口B:舵机房C：机舱D:驾驶台15/engine rooｍＡ：大厅B：物料间C:机舱D：厨房 16/mｅeｔing room Ａ:大厅B：吸烟室Ｃ：锅炉房Ｄ：会议室17／hospital Ａ:医院B:浴室Ｃ：物料间D：泵间 18/contｒol roomＡ：冷藏间B:控制室C：货舱D：空调间 19／cａｒｇo hｏld Ａ：物料间B:驾驶台Ｃ：货舱D:蔬菜间 2０／store roｏmＡ:泵间B：控制室C：鱼肉间D:物料间 21/crew A:全体船员B：船长Ｃ:管事D:服务员2２/second ｏfｆiｃer A：三副B:二副C：大副D：水手 ２3/ｂoｓun A：木匠Ｂ：海员C:水手长D:机工 2４／fourth engｉneeｒＡ：二管轮B：大管轮C:轮机长D：三管轮 2５／ｐurser A：管事B:机工C:木匠D：水手 26/ｓtewarｄA:医生B:服务员Ｃ:管事D：大副 27/ｄocｔoｒＡ：服务员B：水手C：医生D：管事 28/enｇinｅer A：机工B：二副C:船长Ｄ:轮机员29／ｏfficer A:驾驶员Ｂ：轮机员C：服务员Ｄ:船员30/motorman Ａ：水手B：机工Ｃ：大副Ｄ：大管轮 ３1／cａliperｓA:卷尺B:扳手C：卡钳Ｄ:
上海学位英语考试及答案
2016年上海学位英语考试题答案抠 [9463，48777] bao通过 历年学位英语考试真题及答案 一.语法词汇(50个小题，每个0.5分，共25分.本次考试总计有33个教材上的原题) 4.Before you mail this letter,you shoule check again whether you have it or not. a)sunk(使沉没) b)sighed(叹息) c)sought(寻找; 探寻) d)sealed(密封的) 第二单元第5个 5单元第7个14个 6单元第9个 13. They told me that by the end of the month they ___ in this house for 10 years. A)has lived B)has been living C)will have lived D) would have been living. 答案 D 他们告诉我，到本月底，他们就在这所房子里住了10年了。 14. By the time he retires John? ____ here for 30 years.
A)has taught B)has been teaching C)will have been teaching D)has been taught 答案 C 他退休的时候约翰已经教了30年了。 10.Chocolate and ice-cream have different _____. A)favor B)favorites C)fever D)flavors 答案：flavors 巧克力和冰淇淋的味道不同。 U5.15. After __the old man, the doctor suggested that he __ a bad cold. C A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch 检查过后，医生暗示他得了重感冒。 u6.19.You __ come over yourself. You could have given me a ring instead. A)needn’t have B)shouldn’t have C)can’t have D)mustn’t have 答案：A 你其实不用这么为难自己，你其实可以送我一个戒指(事实上没有送) U7.2. Professor smith is also the ____ of the international program office. If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help
学位英语词汇
(2002.1)16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide. A. announced B. forgiven C. condemned D. despised 17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been proved. A. aspiration B. inspiration C. creativity D. breathing 18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban's military installations. A. set about B. set out C. set apart D. set aside 19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy. A. businessman B. commodity C. substance D. talent 20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their parents. A. encourage B. survive C. arouse D. fulfill 21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region. A. helpful B. useless C. harmless D. inappropriate 22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick solutions. A. Unexpected B. undesirable https://www.360docs.net/doc/f25640465.html,forting D. grave 23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators. A. without any objections B. in the end C. in the dark D. against heavy odds 24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field. A. institutions B. standard C. prestige D. application 25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues. A. exhausted B. evaluated C. deployed D. popularized 26. Harry Potter was originally _____ for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be crazy about the book. A. extended B. intended C. inclined D. directed 27. This experienced author was able to _____ the lifetime's work of Jefferson into one volume. A. suppress B. compress C. express D. depress 28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can _____ hundreds of different smells.A. nominate B. dominate C. eliminate D. discriminate 29. The Chinese share the _______ that their life will become better and the country more prosperous.A. conviction B. speculation C. elaboration D. perspiration 30. After weeks of ______, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question of sick benefits. A. administration B. arbitration C. authorization D. alternation 31. It took this disabled boy a long time to _____ the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college. A. come up with B. come down with C. come up to D. come to terms with 32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show______. A. clockwise B. otherwise C. elsewhere D. likewise 33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _____.