《信息检索》湖北工业大学在职研究生试卷
湖 北 工 业 大 学
2013 年在职攻读硕士学位课程考试（考
查）试题（12级）
考试（考查）科目 信息检索 学位类别 工程硕士
1．信息检索工具有很多种其中按著录方式划分，可分为哪几种并叙述其定义？（12分）
按著录方式：目录型、题录型、文摘型、索引型。目录型按“题录”要求进行著录，按“本”报导文献信息、揭示出版物的外部特征，目录的著录项目一般有题名、著者/编者、文献出处（包括出版单位名称、出版年等）、编号（科技报告号、专利号等）、描述性注释（原文文别、译文来源、有关会议的名称、届次、会期及地址，文献的页数、价格，参考文献等）。题录型按“题录”要求进行著录，按“篇”报导文献信息、揭示单篇文献的外部特征。题录著录的项目主要包括篇名、著者（或含其所在单位）、来源出处（包括出版物名称、卷期、页数、出版年等），无内容摘要。文摘款目由基本著录款目（题录款目）和摘要组成，用简明扼要的文字摘述文献的主要内容和原始数据，同时揭示文献外表特征和内容特征，是二次文献的核心。索引型是将文献中有价值的知识单元，如图书的章节、期刊的论文题目、著者、学科主题、重要人名、地名、名词术语、分子式等分别摘录，注明页码，并按照一定的方法排列。索引是对文献内容较深入的揭示，由索引款目、编排方法和出处指引系统三部分构成。
2．图书情报界常用的十大信息源是什么？写出其名称。（10分）
分别是图书、期刊、报纸、学位论文、会议文献、产品样本、标准文献、政府出版物、科技文献、专利文献
3．我国专利法规定了几种专利类型，各有何特点？（10分）
1、发明专利 我国《专利法实施细则》第二条第一款对发明的定义是：“发明是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。”
所谓产品是指工业上能够制造的各种新制品，包括有一定形状和结构的固体、液体、气体之类的物品。所谓方法是指对原料进行加工，制成各种产品的方法。发明专利并不要求它是经过实践证明可以直接应用于工业生产的技术成果，它可以是一项解决技术问题的方案或是一种构思，具有在工业上应用的可能性，但这也不能将这种技术方案或构思与
单纯地提出课题、设想相混同，因单纯地课题、设想不具备工业上应用地可能性。
2、实用新型专利
我国《专利法实施细则》第二条第二款对实用新型的定义是：“实用新型是指对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案。”同发明一样，实用新型保护的也是一个技术方案。但实用新型专利保护的范围较笮，它只保护有一定形状或结构的新产品，不保护方法以及没有固定形状的物质。实用新型的技术方案更注重实用性，其技术水平较发明而言，要低一些，多数国家实用新型专利保护的都是比较简单的、改进性的技术发明，可以称为"小发明"。
3、外观设计专利
我国《专利法实施细则》第二条第三款对外观设计的定义是：“外观设计是指对产品的形状、图案或者其结合以及色彩与形状、图案所作出的富有美感并适于工业上应用的新设计。”
外观设计与发明、实用新型有着明显的区别，外观设计注重的是设计人对一项产品的外观所作出的富于艺术性、具有美感的创造，但这种具有艺术性的创造，不是单纯的工艺品，它必须具有能够为产业上所应用的实用性。外观设计专利实质上是保护美术思想的，而发明专利和实用新型专利保护的是技术思想；虽然外观设计和实用新型与产品的形状有关，但两者的目的却不相同，前者的目的在于使产品形状产生美感，而后者的目的在于使具有形态的产品能够解决某一技术问题。例如一把雨伞，若它的形状、图案、色彩相当美观，那么应申请外观设计专利，如果雨伞的伞柄、伞骨、伞头结构设计精简合理，可以节省材料又有耐用的功能，那么应申请实用新型专利。
4．国内主要文献传递服务机构有哪些？如何通过图书馆获取馆藏没有的原文文献？（10分）
中国国家图书馆、国家科技图书文献中心、中国高等教育文献保障系统、中国高校人文社会科学文献中心、中国科学院国家科学数字图书馆、重庆维普资讯有限公司、中国知网、万方数据股份有限公司
1、通过申请文献传递服务，向有文献传递服务的图书馆申请获取原文。
2、试查网上免费电子期刊
3、试查全文数据库，到可能收录的全文数据库中查寻所需原文。
4、利用“文献资源保障系统”
5．网络信息资源有哪些评价指标?（12分）
1 定性评价指标
定性评价是指按照一定的评价标准从主观角度对网络信息资源所做的优
选和评估。定性评价因人而异，因此有很大的变动性。
它的基本步骤是：
由评价工作的目的和服务对象的需求，依据一定的准则，研究确立评价标准，建立相关的评价指标体系对评价对象进行评价。
确立评价标准和建立评价指标体系是定性方法最重要的一环，国内外学者对此进行了许多探讨，已经提出的各种评价标准和指标体系数目繁多，下面列举其中比较重要的一些研究结果。
2 定量评价指标
定量评价方法是指按照数量分析方法，利用网络自动搜集和整理网站信息的评估工具，从客观量化角度对网站信息资源进行的优选与评价.在网络信息资源评价中，最先和最常采用的定量方法是访问量统计.网络信息资源评价的定量方法和手段主要集中于链接关系分析。定量方法中最具有代表性、应用最为广泛的是网络计量学的方法。
3 指标体系
根据因特网信息资源产生、组织、传递与使用的独特性，因特网信息资源评价标准体系及其具体指标应该包括3个方面：内容(实用性、全面性、准确性、权威性、新颖性、独特性、稳定性)、操作使用(导航设计、信息资源组织、用户界面、检索功能、连通性)、成本(技术支持、连通成本)。
6．按标准的适用范围，我国标准的级别有哪些？并具体说明。（12分）
分类：1）按使用范围可分为：国际标准、区域标准、国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、企业标准
按标准的约束性可分为：强制性标准、非强制性标准
我国：国家标准GB 行业标准FZ 地方标准DB 企业标准Q
2）一个完整的分类号由代表部、大类、小类、大组或小组的符号构成。例如：A01B 1/02。
——部 A
——大类 A01
——小类 A01B
——大组 A01B1/00
——小组 A01B1/02
分类
——A部：生活需要
——B部：作业；运输
——C部：化学；冶金
——D部：纺织；造纸
——E部：固定建筑物
——F部：机械工程；照明；加热；爆破
——G部：物理
——H部：电学
7．搜索引擎有哪些类型并举例说明其代表性搜索引擎。（12分）
搜索引擎按其工作方式主要可分为三种，分别是全文搜索引擎、目录索引类搜索引擎和元搜索引擎。
全文搜索引擎具代表性的有Google和百度。
目录索引具代表性的有Yahoo。
搜索引擎有InfoSpace、Dogpile。
8．试述利用OPAC检索图书的方法有哪些？（10分）
根据图书的特性，最普及的查找方式有：书名检索、作者检索、ISBN检索、年份检索、出版社检索。还有一些不常用，但十分重要的检索方法：分类法检索、导出词检索、丛书检索、套书检索等，这些项目都可以在OPAC数据库里进行检索。
9、文献库内有关防水材料的文献总数为800篇，已查出的有关防水材料文献有400篇，与防水材料不相关文献有100篇，查全率为多少？查准率为多少？漏检率为多少？误检率为多少？（12分）
查准率=（检索出的相关信息数/检索出的信息总数）x100% (400/500)x100% =80%
查全率=（检索出的相关信息数/信息库中相关信息总数）
x100%
(400/800)x100%=50%
漏检率:(400/800)x100%=50%
误检率:(100/500)x100%=20%
全国在职研究生考试英语二卷
二卷模拟答案 Section A Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Discoveries in science and technology are thought by many to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents: Sir Isaac Newton noticed the falling apple in his garden and came forth with the gravitation law. This notion is obviously not true. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. In fact, he had experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation, as well as inventions, is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. Section B Directions:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. 自然界开始了一次新的实验。人类不再只是能适应某一特定的环境，而是获得了能适应 任何环境的能力。他们分散到世界各地，在迁移中不断变化，直到成为在地球上分布最广的 物种。人类在身体和文化方面都适应于他们迁入的新环境。居住在赤道附近的人为了在强烈 日光下保护自己，渐渐地有了黑色皮肤。迁移到寒冷地带的人为了利用阳光合成维生素D， 渐渐地有了较为白皙的皮肤。住在寒冷而干燥地区的人们长得矮胖，以便保存热量；住在干 燥而炎热地区的人们长得高瘦，以便使热量容易散发。 答案： Section A 很多人认为科技发现是灵光一闪，或戏剧化事件的产物：艾萨克·牛顿爵士在花园中注意到了苹果落地，从而发现了万有引力定律。很显然，这一观点并不正确。弗莱明爵士并不如传闻所言那样，看到一片奶酪上的霉菌，在当时当地就想到（发明）了抗生素盘尼西林。事实上，他做了九年之久的抗细菌物质的实验，终于才有了他的发现。发现和革新总是来自于勤勉的“试误”实验。革新和发明就像是足球赛，即使是最好的选手也会射不进球，他们射门受阻的次数远远大于射门得分的次数。 Section B Nature began a new experiment. Instead of adapting to a specific environment, man has the capacity to adapt himself to any specific environment. They spread throughout the globe, changing as they moved, until they became the most widely distributed species on the earth. Man adapted physically as well as culturally to the new surroundings into which he moved. People who lived near equator developed dark skin to protect themselves from strong sunlight; people who moved to colder climates developed light skin to take advantage of the sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D; people in cold dry climates became stocky to conserve heat. People in hot dry climates tended to become tall and thin to dissipate heat.
2013在职研究生真题及答案
2013在职研究生真题及答案：GCT语言[1] 2015年3月13日来源：网络综合【相关推荐】【加入收藏】 【网络综合-2013在职研究生真题及答案：GCT语言】： 语言表达能力测试 (50题，每小题2分，满分100分)： 一、选择题 1.下面各组词语，没有错别字的是 A.蹒跚呕气言简意赅矫揉造作 B.肆业暮霭不落窠臼自顾不暇 C.杀戮作祟美轮美奂耳濡目染 D.辍学真缔出其不意怨天尤人 2.下面加点的词，意义相同的一组是 A.①他们清醒地认识到存在的问题和不足 ②经全力抢救，他才从昏迷中清醒过来 B.①小李思想敏锐，工作深入，作风扎实 ②他们以扎实有效的措施强化质量管理 C.①光这一家公司就购买了十几套这种设备 ②人员精简后，这个部门就剩下十几个人 D.①虽经风吹雨打，墙上的字迹依然十分清楚 ②企业的领导者对产品存在的问题十分清楚 3.下面句子没有歧义的是 A.他站在山坡上，远远地看见有个人向自己走过来 B.已经过去一个多月了，小王借同学的书还没有还 C.足球赛正如火如荼地进行，这里的人们却看不上 D.刚上映了一部电影，李华和张明的朋友都想去看 4.下面句子没有语病的是 A.从全国范围来看，虽然体育系统高度重视，全运会却乏人喝彩，其原因之一是全民参与度较低，公众缺乏关注和认同 B.中国政府任何时候都不会放弃对钓鱼岛的领土和主权的归属，对于日本政府的蓄意挑衅行为和煽动性言论将坚决回击 C.智能手机集成了传统手机的通讯功能和掌上电脑的信息处理功能于一体的特点，在世界主要国家和地区越来越受欢迎 D.在物质基础不断完善的今天，自我修养的提高对于人们精神生活的丰富，提升人生品质，保障身心健康，都有极大作用 5.下面各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的是
湖北工业大学高等教育自学考试本科毕业生毕业论文(设计)封面
湖北工业大学高等教育自学考试本科毕业生论文（设计）封面
摘要 研究指出了企业新产品开发风险识别，风险防范与控制的重要意义。运用系统论、控制论、信息论研究企业新产品开发全过程面临的7类风险；具体地提出了运用定性与定量的方法进行风险评估；在此基础上构建了企业新产品开发风险防范与控制模式，即风险防范与控制预案。 关键词：新产品开发管理；风险识别；风险防范与控制；预案
目录 绪论 (1) 1新产品开发风险及防范相关理论 (2) 1.1新产品开发的内涵 (2) 1.2新产品开发的风险 (2) 1.3新产品开发风险防范的重要意义 (3) 2新产品开发的风险防范与控制策略 (3) 2.1树立正确的理念 (3) 2.2建立新产品开发信息系统 (4) 2.3编制风险防范与控制备案 (5) 结论 (6) 后记 (7) 参考文献 (8)
绪论 当今国际市场的竞争主要是商品竞争，但其实质是物化在商品中的技术的竞争．西方经济学家称新产品的竞争是一种比价格竞争更为有利的非价格竞争。当今世界技术和产品的开发与应用周期日益缩短，企业只有通过加快产品的开发和创新，才能提高自己的生存能力和竞争能力。如各大世界知名企业竞相开发新产品推向市场如苹果公司从IPHONE到IPAD从触屏手机到平板电脑不断开发新产品占领市场。所以新产品开发关系到一个企业的生存与发展，企业要生存、要发展，只有不断推陈出新，加速新产品开发，才能在激烈的市场经济竞争环境中立于不败之地。新产品开发是一项高风险且高收益的投资，企业新产品开发的整个过程中受到各方面的影响，承担来自企业内外部各方面的风险。新产品开发风险在新产品开发的筹划，实施过程中是客观存在的，它直接影响着新产品开发的进程。在新产品开发中注重风险防范，力求规避可能发生的来自决策、市场等方面的各种技术经济风险，切实做好企业的新产品开发工作，以求产生良好的经济效益。所以开展有关风险防范的管理工作，在今天的市场经济环境下具有十分重要的现实意义。总之，新产品开发这关取得胜利，那么企业在以后的运行当中占有诸多优势，有利于企业扩展规模提高市场占有率。本论文结合安吉大唐家具有限公司，从安吉大唐家具有限公司的新产品开发风险预测和防范中存在的问题提出相应的策略，并且为安吉整个地区的家具行业新产品开发风险提供准确的决策贡献。
在职硕士英语试题及答案
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