新职业英语1教案

新职业英语教案

第一册

Unit 1 Organization

Objectives:

1.Grasp the main idea (the essence of writing is to write what one enjoys writing) and

structure of the text (narration in chronological sequence);

2. Listening strategy and methods.

2.Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;

3.Conduct a series of listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the

unit.

Focuses:

1. the main idea of the reading A, and reading B etc.

2.Grasp the main idea;

3.Appreciate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text;

4. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;

Outlines:

Pre-reading tasks: Warming -up

Task 1 Look at the following logos and give the names of the countries in which the companies are headquartered.

While-reading tasks:

1.Grasping the structure of the text (15 m)

2.Cultural background –the study of Reading A ___Google and the study of Reading B

___TAF Profile (45m')

3.T explains language points and gives Ss practice. (60 m)

4.Grammatical structures (25 m)

5.T draws Ss attention to Writing Strategy in Theme-related Language Learning Tasks(12 m)

6.T will show Ss the importance of envelope in writing. (5 m)

7.Exercises of the unit

Post-reading tasks:

1.Think alone: How to give an introduction for a company? (5 m)

Then T invites several Ss to give their opinions. T may sum up by this sentence – The essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.

2. T checks if Ss have done the rest of the after-text exercises in their spare time, and discuss some common errors that crop up. (15 m)

3. Do Self-study Room exercise s page 16 task 1 and task 2:

Pre-reading tasks:

1.What is a logo?

A logo is a graphical element that, together with its logo type, forms a trademark or commercial brand. Typically, a logo’s design is for immediate recognition. The logo is one aspect of a company’s

2. Metro AG, established in 1964, is a diversified retail and wholesale group based in Germany. It

is the largest in its home market, and one of the most globalized retail and wholesale corporations.

3. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., founded in 1962, is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is the world’s largest public corporation by revenue, according to the ―2008 Fortune Global 500‖.

Carrefour SA is a French international hypermarket chain, with a global network of outlets. It is the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue after Wal-Mart.

Samsung Group is the largest company of the Republic of Korea. It is composed of Samsung Electronics, Samsung Heavy Industries and Samsung Engineering & Construction.

Lenovo Group Limited is China’s largest and the world’s fourth largest personal computer manufacturer. Lenovo mainly produces desktops, laptops, servers, handheld computers, imaging equipment and mobile phone handsets (听筒).

Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation. Nokia is focused on wireless and wired telecommunications. It is the world’s largest manufacturer of mobile telephones.

While-reading tasks:

1 Grasping the structure of the text (15 m):

(1)Ss circle the key words, phrases and clauses in Text A and B

For example: It all began in January 1996 as a research project at Stanford University by Ph.D. student Larry Page. Trying to find a better way for web users to search for relevant pages, Page had an idea that this could be achieved by examining the relationships between web pages. He thought that web pages which had the most links to them from other web pages must be the most popular. The technique appeared to be successful.

(2) T draws Ss attention to Text Organization Exercise 2 , reads its instructions, and asks them these two questions:

(3) In this way Ss will be able to divide the text into 3 parts and sum up the main ideas.

(4) Several Ss report the main ideas they have summed up to the class

2. Cultural background –

Making a Company Introduction: A company introduction usually contains the following information:

●History;

●Number of employees;

●Management structure & company culture;

●Products or services.

3. For reading B:

make the Ss to decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the TAF profile.

( ) 1. TAF’s main markets are in the American

continent and Southeast Asia.

( ) 2. TAF is one of the leading producers of

skincare and haircare products.

( ) 3. The company is working to reach more

international customers.

( ) 4. R&D is responsible only for developing new

products.

( ) 5. Administrative Department gives orders to

the other departments.

4. For Writing Strategy:

A. Read Sample 1 and answer the questions below.

1)To which city is the letter going?

2) Who wrote this letter?

3) Who is the recipient of the letter?

4) What is the recipient’s address?

5 )What’s the business title of the recipient?

6) What is the sender’s address?

B: Read Sample 2 and complete the following sentences.

1)“c/o”on the envelope stands for

2)________________ will receive this letter.

3)___________________ will open and read this letter.

C:Task 4 Write an envelope for your letter to Tom Jones, who works for Green Technologies as Sales Manager. The company is in New York, at No. 135 on West 20th Street. The zip code is 10011.

5. Mini-project

Work in groups;

●Refer to Business Know-how for company introduction;

●Include name, logo, profile, management, products/services, etc.;

●Good time management and cooperation;

●In-class presentation.

Steps:

Grouping. Divide the class into groups. There are several ways: Ss pick up their own partners; teachers group fast learners with slow learners; Ss find their partners by drawing lots

Defining the project.

Timing and cooperation.

Presentation.

Notes: the project should be done as homework

The following websites are for your reference.

http:// https://www.360docs.net/doc/f318661452.html,/ company/who we are/index.jhtml

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f318661452.html,/cms/cn/English/about us/ who we are/Pages/Default.aspx

6. Grammatical structures (25 m)

(1) T asks Ss to form pairs and ask each other questions based on Para. 15 using the structure . Basic Sentence Patterns

T may offer the following model:

S+Vi

Times flies.

Birds sing beautifully.

They went on holiday

She'll go swimming.

S+Vt+O

We like English

She wants to help him.

I don't know what to do.

I think he is right.

S+Lv+P

The compass is mine.

The secretary is efficient.

The power is off.

He looks in good health.

He gets excited.

S+Vt+Io+Do

I sent him a fax

I bought a book for Marry?

7. Words and language Points

1.What experience do you have that is relevant to this position?

2. After 10 years of hard work, he finally achieved success in his business.

3. Britain has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in Europe this year.

4. Since there are now billions of web pages, it is important to know how to search effectively for information on the web. Fortunately, some powerful online tools are there to help us

______with______ this task. The simplest way to find information on the web is to visit a special site called a ______search engine______. It is quite easy to use—you simply go to the homepage of the search engine, type a few key words ______into______ a form, click on a Search button, and then wait a few seconds for your results. The results are provided on your computer screen as a long list of ____links________ to web pages. Then you will have to look through the list to see if the links are ______relevant______ to your search.

8: Some words or expressions to drill:

1) 这一切不是一朝一夕可以实现的。(achieve)

All this cannot be achieved overnight.

2) 下午六点钟左右体育馆通常很忙。(tend to)

The gym tends to get very busy at around 6 o’clock in the afternoon.

3) 这个地区现在不安全，还是远离它为好。(stay away from)

This area is not safe at the moment, so it’s better to stay away from it.

4) 就销售而言，他们是该地区五大超市之一。(in terms of)

They are one of the top five supermarkets in the area in terms of sales.

Post-reading tasks:

1. Think alone: How to give an introduction for a company? (5 m)

Then T invites several Ss to give their opinions. T may sum up by this sentence – The essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.

2. T checks if Ss have done the rest of the after-text exercises in their spare time, and discuss some common errors that crop up. (15 m)

3. Do Self-study Room exercise s page 16 task 1 and task 2:

Unit Two Office

I. Reading A

1. Warming-up

①Task: Ask Ss to read Mr. Thomson’s schedule for Tuesday. Then write their schedules for today. Objective: Ss can organize their activities in one day and make a time schedule.

Steps : 1> Ss read Warming-up Task.

2> Go through Mr. Thomson’s schedule with Ss

3> Allow three mins for Ss to do the task.

4> Ask some Ss to present their work.

②Task: Ask Ss to answer the following questions in group.

Table 1

Table 2

2. Language points

Paragraph 1

A variety of: a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way

E.g. The girls come from a variety of different backgrounds.

Reflect: v. to show or bw a sign of a particular situation or feeling

e.g. The low value of the dollar reflects growing concern about the us economy.

Paragraph 2

Depend on: be decided by

e. g The price depends on the quality.

It depends (on) whether you want to do it or not.

Minimum: n. the smallest amount of something or number of things that is possible or necessary e.g lLooking after a cat costs a minimum of$2000a year.

handle: v .to do the things that are necessary to complete a job.

e.g Computers can handle huge amounts of data.

My secretary will handle all the details.

Keep track of: to pay attention to someone or something so that you know what is happening to them

e.g I t’s difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in medicine.

Operate: v. to use and control a machine or equipment; to run

e.g Mary was experienced in operating the computers.

The company operates five factories.

Appropriate: adj. correct or suitable for a particular time, situation or purpose

e.g I didn’t feel that this was an appropriate tine to mention the subject of money.

Deal with : to take the necessary action, especially in order to solve a problem

e.g They should deal properly and fairly with any complaint.

Paragraph 3

Efficient: adj. working well and effectively without wasting money or energy

e.g. All staff think Maria is a very efficient secretary.

Anticipate: v. to expect that something wall happen and be ready for it

e.g. It is anticipated that next year the workers, wage will increase.

Confidential: adj. spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept secret

e.g. Doctors are required to keep patients, records completely confidential.

Paragraph 4

Prospect. a person ,job ,plan, etc, that has good chance of success in the future; a possibility that something you hope for will happen

e.g. The manager held out bright prospects for me if I would accept of his recovery. Individual. n. one person, considered separately from the rest of the group or society

e.g. It is important to know that the virus can be passed from individual.

adj. considered separately from other people or things in the same group

e.g. Each individual leaf on the tree is different .

pursue: v. to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time e.g. Christine pursued her acting career with great determination.

Challenging: adj. difficult in an interesting or enjoyable way

e.g. teaching young children is a challenging and rewarding job.

3. Check the answers of Task 1 & Task 2

II. Reading B

In this section, T should ask Ss to learn the new words and expressions by themselves as well as the text, and then let some of Ss answer the exercises in class. According to their performance, T gives them a score related to the total mark..

III. Listening & Speaking

In this section, Ss are asked to listen twice. After they listen to from Task1 to Task5 for the first time, they should give the answers to each of the questions. Next, T gives them the correct answers, and Ss themselves give a score of Task1 to Task 5. Finally, Ss listen to the tape intensively for the second time, and T explains the key points for some difficult statements.

IV. Writing

1.Make a introduction of an Agenda.

2.Ask Ss to finish Task1 and Task2 in class and check the answers.

V. Mini Project

1. This project asks Ss to design a travel route and make an itinerary (旅行计划).it helps to train Ss to be competent in travel planning .Ss compare different airlines, hotels and places of interest to decide which is the most suitable. its concept comes from real life, hence it’s authentic.

In order to complete it successfully, Ss should use the knowledge and skills they’ve learned from other activities in the unit. The sample on ss book provides an authentic travel itinerary for a three-day trip to Beijing. ss can refer to it and make their work presented in a similar form. Steps:

①Grouping. Divide the class into groups. There are several ways: ss pick up their own partners; teachers group fast learners with slow learners; ss find their partners by drawing lots.

②Defining the project. Go through the project with the class and clarify requirements. You are advised to do it after ss study Reading B.

③Timing &cooperation. Give ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working together. Appropriate time management and job division are likely to be serious problems at the beginning, where basic instructions from the teacher should come in. as ss get used to the mini-project, they will become more experienced. Remind them that different ss have different work but everybody contributes to the project. They discuss first and then decide who will do what.

④Presentation. Ss present their evidence for completion. In this project, they need to show a written travel itinerary and explain it orally in class. Ask them to do that after they study the whole unit.

Notes: Since it takes time and efforts to complete a project, you can ask only two or three groups to do each time. Then demonstrate their work in class and give your feedback. In this way ,ss cerulean from each other.

The following websites are for your reference:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f318661452.html,/old/travel/travel.htm

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f318661452.html,/familu/

2. Check the answers of Language Lab

VI. Self-study Room

动词的时态：

时态是英语谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态的各种形式。每一

种“时间—方式”就构成一种时态，所以英语动词一共有16种时态，其中最常用的有5种

In the part, T makes an analysis of each tense and gives some examples for them.( pay attention to each tense on some special conditions).

VII. Check Language Lab in class. (Notes: T ask some Ss to finish some exercises orally, and the translation exercises should be handed in and checked by T)

Homework: 1.Review the new words and expressions in Unit Two.

2.Finish Language Lab (P29-30).

3.Preview the third unit.

Unit 3 Business Meals

Objectives:

1.Grasp the main idea (the essence of writing is to write what one enjoys writing) and

structure of the text (narration in chronological sequence);

2. Listening strategy and methods.

2.Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;

3.Conduct a series of listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the

unit.

Focuses:

1. the main idea of the reading A, and readingB etc.

2.Grasp the main idea;

3.Appreciate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text;

4. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;

Outlines:

Pre-reading tasks: Warming -up

Task 1 Complete the following table seating arrangement.

Task 2: Principles of Seating Arrangement

1.Seat people who have common interests together.

2.Pair male and female guests.

3.Seat guests of honor in order. The most important person should be seated at the right hand of the host.

While-reading tasks:

1.Grasping the structure of the text (15 m)

2.Cultural background –the study of Reading A ___Deals Over Meals and the study

of Reading B ___Friendship Lunch Menu(45m')

3.T explains language points and gives Ss practice. (60 m)

4.Grammatical structures (25 m)

5.T draws Ss attention to Writing Strategy in Theme-related Language Learning Tasks(12 m)

6.Synonymous words or phrases in this text (15 m)

7.T will show Ss the importance of Formal Invitation in writing. (5 m)

Post-reading tasks:

1. Decide which of the following behaviors are Do’s or Don’ts for business meals according to the passage (5 m)

get nervous talk too much

show style and grace choose the correct silverware

be a good listener talk with confidence

interrupt other people start with the nearest dinnerware

2.Business Know-how

● Give gifts during special holidays, or as ―thank-yous‖ for special invitations;

● Do not give expensive gifts;

● A small cultural gift from your country is usually appropriate;

● Package your gift nicely, with a card attached to it.

3. Do Self-study Room exercise s page 47 to page 48 : Passive V oice

Time allotment:

Pre-reading tasks:

Henry is retiring on Monday. Mr. Nelson, Chairman of your company, asks you to arrange the table seats for Henry’s farewell dinner. Here are some principles for arranging seats at a dinner table and the information about the guests.

Principles of Seating

Arrangement

1.Seat people who have common interests together.

2.Pair male and female guests.

3.Seat guests of honor in order. The most important person should be seated at the right hand of the host.

Who would you put in seats A throught E?

Guest Information

Henry

male, former HR Manager.

Susan

female, CEO. She loves traveling.

George

male, Sales Manager.

David

male, Production Manager. He loves traveling.

Mary

female, Customer Service Manager, a good friend of George.

While-reading tasks:

1 Grasping the structure and the language points of Reading A ---Deals Over Meals (15 m):

e.g. 1. I’ll entertain my friends over the weekend.

2. The child was entertaining himself with his toys.

e.g. 1. They have built up a good reputation.

2. The noise built up until she couldn’t stand it any longer.

e.g. 1. I only wear this suit for formal dinners.

2. Our boss is very formal; she doesn’t call anyone by their first name.

e.g. I do not imply that you are wrong.

e.g. Well, take i t easy! It isn’t a matter of urgency.

e.g. Rita’s husband is away for the week, so I think

I’d better go over and keep her company.

e.g. 1. That man we met turned out to be Maria’s second cousin.

2. Don’t worry. I’m sure it will all turn out fine.

e.g. It usually pays to tell the truth.

e.g. I want you to be on your best behavior at Granddad’s.

e.g. Dick is very knowledgeable about wines.

e.g. 1. This overcoat has seen me through many severe winters.

2. He saw me through all the hard times.

e.g. All teachers regard Jimmy as an intelligent student.

e.g. I’ll put these bottles in the cupboard—they might come in handy someday.

e.g. 1. Public figures have a duty to conduct themselves responsibly.

2.The company conducted a survey to find out what their customers think about the new product.

e.g. She was concentrating on her book and didn’t know what had happened.

e.g. She was concentrating on her book and didn’t know what had happened.

e.g. Doctors are the most sought-after people in the area.

3.For reading B: Friendship Lunch Menu

友谊国际宾馆午餐菜单

Task 1 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the menu. ( ) 1. In the menu tuna fish is served as a main

course.

( ) 2. Grilled steak is dressed with garlic sauce.

( ) 3. There are cakes and pies for dessert.

( ) 4. You can choose two main courses for each

set lunch.

( ) 5. You can have your lunch in Coral Room or Harbor Room.

Task 2: Fill in the blanks in the following menu with the given dishes.

A. French Onion Soup

B. Banana Pudding

C. Chocolate Ice Cream

D. Roast Turkey

E. Strawberry Cake

F. Mixed Salad

G. French Steak

4. For Writing Strategy:

Task1:

1. On what occasions do people send and receive invitations?

-------On many occasions people will send and receive invitations, such as a celebration, a banquet, a reception, a party, a dinner, a concert or just a football match.

2: On many occasions people will send and receive invitations, such as a celebration, a banquet, a reception, a party, a dinner, a concert or just a football match.

-------An invitation usually includes the event, date, time and place. If necessary, indicate the appropriate dress, or ask for a response by a specific date.

Task 2 Read the invitations below and complete the following statements.

The dinner for ________________________ will be held at Grand Hotel.

2. Sarah invites her friends to ___________________.

3. ―RSVP‖ means ___________________________________________________.

5. Bob invites Lisa to _______________.

Task3 :Formal and informal Invitations

5: Mini-project

Work in groups. Search online for the rule of table setting for a western dinner. Then set the following tableware and explain to the class.

●Work in groups;

●Search the Internet for rules of table setting;

●Pay attention to the functions of different pieces of tableware;

●Good time management and cooperation;

●In-class oral presentation.

6. Grammatical study_____Passive V oice page 47 (25 m)

7: Exercises : Task 5: Language for Lab

Translate the following into English using the given words or phrases.

1. 在工作中谨慎小心会大有裨益。(pay)

It pays a lot to be careful in work.

2. 我的钱仅够在美国用一年。(see through)

I have just enough money to see me through a year in the US.

3. 结果表明他从未在那个公司工作过。(turn out)

It turned out that he had never worked in that company.

4. 瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。(manners)

It’s bad manners to stare at people.

5. 外面太吵，我没办法集中精神干活儿。(concentrate on)

It’s too noisy outside for me to concentrate on my work.

6. 董事会选他为公司总经理。(select)

The Board of Directors selected him to be the General Manager of the company.

7. 烤鸡是这家泰国餐厅里我最喜欢的菜。(favorite)

Roast chicken is my favorite dish in this Thai restaurant.

8. 我们主菜后吃的甜点是冰淇淋。(course)

We had ice cream for dessert after the main course.

8. Post-reading tasks:

1. Decide which of the following behaviors are Do’s or Don’ts for business meals according to the passage (5 m)

get nervous talk too much

show style and grace choose the correct silverware

be a good listener talk with confidence

interrupt other people start with the nearest dinnerware

2. Business Know-how

● Give gifts during special holidays, or as ―thank-yous‖ for special invitations;

● Do not give expensive gifts;

● A small cultural gift from your country is usually appropriate;

● Package your gift nicely, with a card attached to it.

3. Think alone: How to write an formal invitation card for a company? (5 m)

Then T invites several Ss to give their opinions. T may sum up by this sentence – The essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.

4. Do Self-study Room exercises on page 48 task 1 ,task 2 and task 3

Unit Five Trade

Warming-up

Task 1

Objective: Ss can identify the slogans of some famous companies.

Steps:

1. Ss read warming-up task 1.

2. Go through slogans a-h with Ss.

3. Ask Ss to match the slogans with the pictures.

4. Give the key.

5. Time permitting, encourage ss to brainstorm more slogans.

Background information

1. What is a slogan?

A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a political , commercial , religious and other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose . slogans in advertising are claimed to be the most effective means of drawing attention to one or more aspects of a product .

2. Company introduction

Nike Inc. is a major publicly-traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. it is the world’s leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel(服装) and a major manufacturer of sports equipment .

3. Apple Inc., is an American multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing consumer electronics and software products.

4. Panasonic is an international brand name for Japanese electric products manufacturer

5. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Under this brand Matsushita sells plasma(等离子)and LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)panels, DVD recorders and players, telephones, microwave ovens, shavers, projectors, digital cameras, batteries, laptop computers, etc. all of these are marketed under their slogan ―Ideas for Life‖.

6. Maxwell house is a brand of coffee manufactured by a like-named division of Kraft Foods.

7. Seven-- up is the brand of a soft drink.

8. Nissan Motor Co., Ltd, shortened to Nissan, is a multinational automaker headquartered in Japan. Currently it is the third largest Japanese car manufacturer.

9. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V., usually known as Philips, is one of the largest electronics companies in the world, founded and headquartered in the Netherlands. The products include consumer electronics, domestic appliances, lighting and medical systems.

Suggested Answers

A-7 B-2 C-1 D-4

E-5 F-8 G-3 H-6

Task 2

Objective: Ss can identify several kinds of advertisement media .

Steps :

1. Ss read warming-up Task 2

2. Ask Ss to work in pairs and list places where they have seen or heard the slogans in Task 1

3. Get some Ss to give their answers .

4. Ask the class to add more if necessary.

5. Summarize the various media used for advertising .

Suggested Answers

Poster , newspaper , TV commercial , outdoor signs , etc .

Language Points

Paragraph 1

Regardless of: paying no attention to

e.g. The law requires equal treatment for all ,regardless of race , religion or sex .

better off :in a better situation , especially in financial terms

e.g. since my husband was made the manager , we are better off .

alternative: n. something you can choose to do or use instead of something else

e.g. is there an alternative to what you propose?

Make sense : to have a clear meaning and be easy to understand

e.g. read this and tell me if it makes sense.

Paragraph 2

Process :n. a series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result

e.g. getting fit again has been a long slow process .

specialize(in):v. to limit all or most of your study, business, etc . to a particular subject or activity e.g. Finally Alice decided to specialize in contract law .

Consumer: n. someone who buys and uses products and services

e.g. There are a wider choice of goods for the consumers in big cities .

Paragraph 3

benefit :n. something that gives you advantages or improves your life in some way

e.g. This aid program will bring lasting benefits to the region.

Absolute: a. unlimited: complete: true , correct and not changing in any situation : not in comparison with other things

e.g. An absolute ruler need not ask anyone for permission to do anything.

A child usually has absolute trust in his mother.

You have an absolute right to refuse medical treatment.

In absolute terms wages have risen, but not in comparison with the cost of living. Comparative: a. measured or judged by comparing

e.g. After a lifetime of poverty, his last few years were spent in comparative comfort.

Legal : a. connected with or in accordance with the law

e.g. Mr. Smith is my legal advisor

be inclined to : to have a tendency or wish to do something

e.g. I am inclined to start at once.

Paragraph 4

Party : n. one of the people or groups involved in an argument, agreement, etc .

e.g. The two parties are having difficulty agreeing with each other.

Paragraph 5

Exchange: v. to give something to someone and at the same time receive the same type of thing from them

e.g. I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.

n. an act of giving something to someone and receiving something else from them

e.g. Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?

Likewise: ad. The same: in a similar way

e.g. Nanny put up a hat and told the girls to do likewise.

Participate (in):v. to take part in or become involved in an activity

e.g. Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.

Mini-project

This project asks Ss to sell something directly to others. It helps Ss develop promotion strategies and persuasion competence. They should use various methods to promote a particular product and adopt different strategies to persuade people to buy it. It is actually a simulation of person-to-person sale. In order to complete it successfully, Ss should use the knowledge and skills they’ve learned from other activities in the unit. The sample on Ss, books provides a simplified promotion plan. Ss can refer to it and perform their promotion activity in a similar way.

Steps:

1. Grouping. Divide the class into groups.

2. Defining the project. Go through the project with the class and clarify requirements. You are advised to do it after Ss study Reading A. Get Ss to study the points listed in Business Know-how.

3. Timing & cooperation. Give Ss the deadline for completion and guidelines on working together. Encourage them to decide first which product to sell and then assign different members different jobs.

4. Presentation. Ss present their evidence for completion. In this project, they need to perform a promotion activity in class and their classmates can take the roles of passers-by. Ask them to do it after they study the whole unit.

Notes:

Ss can put up a sign with slogans on the classroom wall and bring in the products they want

to sell..

Ss need to introduce the products orally in class and then try to persuade their classmates to buy.

Self—study Room

Noun Clauses

名词性从句是高中英语语法条目中的重点和难点。许多学生任凭老师讲的口干舌燥，习题做了不少，但仍不明白什么是名词性从句，怎样辨认，怎样正确使用。

我认为原因有二：汉语语言中没有名词性从句；大多数语法书和材料应用逐条讲解的方式，缺乏对四种从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）之间的内含、异同点、位置、连词用法系统讲解。要让学生正确理解名词性从句，就要做到以下几点：化难为简：把抽象的理论用通俗的例句展现出来；变模糊为清晰；把纷繁的语法条目用表格形式展现出来。

在英语复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等成分。依据其语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。

教师：同学们，今天我们学习语法——名词性从句

学生甲：老师，名词性从句是不是充当名词使用？

教师：不完全是。在英语中，能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句被称为名词性从句。名词性从句含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

学生乙：老师，这些语法术语原来也听到过，可从来不十分清楚。

教师：这个很自然，原来我们没有系统学习这项语法，今天我们正式学习，只要认真听讲，一定会掌握的。你们知道，火车要有火车头来引领，名词性从句也要有引领的东西；语法上叫连接词。没有火车头，火车跑不起来；同样没有连接词，名词性从句就不能存在于复合句中。学生丙: 老师，快告诉我们哪些词可以当名词性从句中的连接词。

教师：根据名词性从句所表达意义的不同，可将名词性从句分成代表三种意义的从句，分别由不同的连接词引导，请看表。

学生丁: 老师，我看过一些语法书，在讲解名词性从句时好像没有陈述、是否、疑问这些概念。

教师：不，一般语法书没有从名词性从句表达的含义出发引出连接词，结果，造成学生们不能真正理解名词性从句的意义。我通过多年教学实践，探索出这个易于你们掌握名词性从句的途径。这样分类，既有道理又符合你们的认知水平。请看下面的三个分别表陈述、是否和疑问的从句：that he was saved；whether or not he was saved；who saved him我把上面的句子分别放到主语、宾语、表语和同位语的位置，这些句子自然就充当该成分，即生成主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。请看具体做法：放到主语的位置（生成主语从句）：That he was saved/Whether or not he was saved / Who saved him is clear.

放到宾语的位置（生成宾语从句）：

I don’t know/that he was saved /whether or not he was saved /who saved him

放到表语的位置（生成表语从句）：

The fact/The question is that he was saved. / whether or not he was saved. /who saved him

放到同位语的位置（生成同位语从句）：

that he was saved.

We have no doubt whether or not he was saved.

who saved him

学生甲：老师，经您这样一讲，名词性从句一点都不困难了。可是，我们以前做的习题中，涉及到it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句。什么时候用it作形式主语呀？

学生乙：还有，作宾语从句的连接词that不是可以省略吗？您怎么没有讲呀？

学生丙: 老师，那天您给我解答问题时说，同位语从句解释说明前面那个词的内容，您不是说有许多词后面可以接同位语从句吗？今天怎么只提到一个？

教师：你们说的非常好，说明你们平时学习很留心。我刚才讲的是名词性从句大的框架。你们不是都明白了吗？最基本的大框架理解了，枝节性的小问题还不好解决吗？下面，我们就名词性从句的细节问题逐一讨论，你们的问题都会迎刃而解的。