语言学概论(英)试卷七

1. Which of the following statements is FALSE? ________. A. Language is just for communication.

B. Language is one of many ways in which we experience the world.

C. Language is a sign system.

D. Language is arbitrary and conventional.

2. ______ refers to the fact that there is no necessary or logical relationship between a linguistic form and its meaning. A. Displacement B. creativity C. arbitrariness D. duality

3. The study of a language at some point of time is called________. A. computational linguistics B. sociolinguistics

C. diachronic linguistics

D. synchronic linguistics

4. ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community A. Langue B. performance C. competence D. parole

201 年 月江苏省高等教育自学考试

8801语言学概论（英）

一、 选择题（每小题1分，共20分）

在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答 案，并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。

5. Three places of articulation that involve the teeth and/or the lips are:

A. palatal, velar, glottal

B. bilabial, labiodental, dental

C. stop, fricative, affricative

D. nasal, lateral, semi vowel

6. The phonetic transcription with diacritics is called _____.

A. broad transcription

B. International Phonetic Alphabet

C. American English Pronunciation

D. narrow transcription

7. _______ is a type of phonological process by which one sound takes on some or all the

characteristics of a neighboring sound.

A. Assimilation

B. Transformation

C. Code-switching

D. interference

8. If two sounds are of no distinctive value, but are varieties of the same phoneme, they are called

______.

A. phones

B. speech sounds

C. allophones

D. morphs

9. In the TG grammar, the _______ structure represents the syntactic properties of a construction,

i.e. the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents.

A. deep

B. surface

C. generative

D. transformational

10. The English language has______.

A. morphemes

B. syntax

C. number agreement

D. all of the above

11. What is defined as 'the study of sentence structure'? ______.

A. Morphology

B. Semantics

C. Phonology

D. Syntax

12. There are ______ morphemes in the word “children?s”

A. six

B. two

C. three

D. four

13. “friendly” is a _______.

A. compound

B. inflectional word

C. derivative

D. morpheme

14. The word “brunch” and “motel” are _______.

A. formed by blending

B. acronyms

C. coined by back-formation

D. clipped words

15. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? _______.

A. Husband/ Wife

B. Alive/Dead

C. Hot/ Cold

D. White/ Black

16. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “plant/grass”? ______.

A. Homonymy

B. Antonymy

C. Hyponymy

D. Allomorphs

17. The phrase “Colorful ideas sleep furiously” is an example of_______.

A. rapport talk

B. indexical language

C. an ungrammatical but acceptable sentence

D. a grammatical but unacceptable sentence

18. The Whorf Hypothesis claims that________.

A. language is full of “rich points”, whose meanings are difficult to translate into another

language

B. abstract terms are easily translatable

C. accents are part of identity

D. language influences culture-specific ways of knowing

19. The phrase …time is a commodity? is an example of_______.

A. The Whorf Hypothesis

B. A metaphoric system

C. A non-standard variety

D. A rich point

20. The Black English sentence “I don't gotta do nothing” is considered incorrect because:

A. it contains a double negative and is thus inherently incorrect

B. it is impossible to understand

C. it is not associated with the upper class use of standard English

D. both a and b above

二、填空题（每小题1分，共10分）

21. The allophones of a phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. In this case, they are

in ______ distribution.

22. WORD is the common factor underlying a set of forms, a unit of vocabulary, a lexical item,

or a ___________.

23. A __________ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix

can be added.

24. ____________ studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of

speech sounds and the shape of syllables.

25. Competence and performance distinction is discussed by __________ in his Aspects of the

Theory of Syntax.

26. Language is a system of an arbitrary vocal symbols used for human ______.

27. ______ refers to the influence exercised by one sound segment upon the articulation of

another, so the sounds become similar in certain phonetic aspects.

28. Suprasegmental features include syllable, stress, ______ and intonation.

29. ______ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. 30. ______ is the study of the meaning in context, or actual use.

31. Complementary antonyms divide up the whole of a semantic field completely. There is no intermediate ground between.

___________________________________________________________ 32. Mainly, the study of language before the 20th century was descriptive. ___________________________________________________________ 33. Inviting, suggesting, warning, ordering are instances of commissives. ___________________________________________________________ 34. IC analysis was proposed by the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield. ___________________________________________________________

35. English consonants are classified on two criteria: manner of articulation and place of articulation.

___________________________________________________________

36. diachronic

37. morphology

三、 判断说明题（每小题2分，共10分）

在题后的括号内，正确的写“T ”，错误的写“F ”，并在题

下空处说明理由。

四、

四、 名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）

38. root

39. deep structure

40. syntax

五、简答题（每小题5分，共25分）

41.What is cooperative principle?

43.What is morphology?

44.What is syntax?

45.What is phonology?

六、问答题（每小题10分，共20分）

46. Are there any affixes that attach (relatively) productively to verbs, contribute no specific

meaning, and do not change category?

47. How can the surface structure become the sole responsible structure for semantic

interpretation?

试卷版芯尺寸：纸型—自定义；宽度 19.68厘米；高度 27.3厘米。

（指文字部分）