英 译 汉 定语从句的译法

英 译 汉 定语从句的译法
英 译 汉 定语从句的译法

英译汉定语从句的译法

定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在翻译方法上基本类似, 因此我们把它们放在一起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法:

一、前置法

把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。例如:

例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.

例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。

例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. (92年考题)

如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素必须是一样的。例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety.

第一种方法是同义词法, 即给出一个与需要释义的词在意义上几乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety.

例4.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题)

相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面

所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。

例5.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. (94年考题)

科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式, 也就是对一切现象进行思考并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。

例6.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.

附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童,上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。

二、后置法

当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省略, 则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。

例1.All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster.

在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量, 一定会以某种方式通过细管子, 这只有靠加快流速才能做到。

例2.Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.

也许,光是某种电波,其性质我们尚不清楚。

例3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.

他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的, 在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

例4.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. (91年考题)

这种困境将是确定无疑的, 因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方法继续下

去了, 而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

例5.“In short”, a leader of the new schoo l attends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(94年考题)

新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简而言之, 我们所称谓的科学革命, 主要指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用, 这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。

例6.The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. (91年考题)

食品的供应将赶不上人口的增长, 这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。

三、翻译成状语从句

英语中有些定语从句, 兼有状语从句的职能, 在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系, 说明原因、结果、让步、假设等关系, 翻译时应善于从英语原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后翻译成汉语中相应的偏正复合句。例如:

例1.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.

他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。

例2.However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money.

不过, 对某些国家来讲, 用冰山化水比海水脱盐相比, 费用可能极为便宜, 因为脱盐过程需要

更多燃料和更多的资金。

例3.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.

如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得来, 那他就是一个唯心主义者。

例4.…it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process. (88年考题)

……直到60年前人们才找到开采铝矿的方法, 从而使低成本、大规模冶炼金属铝成为可能。

例5.In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. (85年考题)

在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。

例6.Liquids, which contains no free electrons, are poor conductors of heat.

各种液体, 由于不含有自由电子, 是热的不良导体。

我们讲了定语从句的各种翻译方法,在这里我们还需要提醒大家,在翻译含有定语从句的句子时,我们应该特别注意在分析句子的结构上面下工夫,务必要搞清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。下面我们结合一个实例加以说明:

In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.

曾经有人把这个句子翻译为:

事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种睡眠特别与防止肌肉活动有关。

在判断上述翻译的正误之前,我们首先分析一下这个句子中的定语从句所修饰的先行词,在这个句子中which引导的定语从句有两个可能被修饰的成分:a basic amount of movement和sleep, 一般来讲,定语从句往往修饰离它最近的那个名词,但是在这个句子中,却不是这样,因为,如

果是修饰sleep, 我们就会翻译成上面的句子,但是从句子的意义来看讲不通,因此,这个定语从句是修饰前面的a basic amount of movement应该翻译为:

事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种活动特别与防止肌肉活动中断有关。

由此我们可以看出,确定定语从句的先行词是极为重要的,做出正确的判断的关键在于分析句子的结构和熟悉划线的句子所出现的上下文。另外,我们还需要注意一些比较复杂的定语从句结构,也就是那些定语从句里又含有定语从句的情况,在翻译这类句子时我们应该注意灵活运用我们在前面讲述的一些翻译技巧,尤其要注意分析各个定语从句之间的关系,例如:

Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. (90年考题)

上面句子的骨干结构为:Behaviourists suggest that th e child … will experience … development, 这是一个复合句,在that所引导的宾语从句中,在主语child的后面是一个由who引导的定语从句,在在这个定语从句中又有一个由where引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词environment, 然后在这个定语从句中又有一个由which引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词stimuli, 这就构成了一个一套三的定语从句结构,在翻译成汉语时,考虑到定语从句太长,我们需要将个别的定语从句分开来翻译,这样我们可以将此句翻译为:

行为主义者认为,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

定语从句翻译技巧精编版

定语从句翻译技巧公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

定语从句翻译技巧 在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时,中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言,以便避免汉语的负迁移。 一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点 英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析,就会造成误译。比如,下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差,含义却不同: His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now. His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now. 第一句应译为:他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。(含义为:他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。) 第二句应译为:他的哥哥今年十八岁了,他在当兵。(含义为:他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。) 定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。 二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法 英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。

(完整版)定语从句汉译英练习及答案

定语从句汉译英练习: 1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。 She is the girl who studies math hard. 2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。 He is the man whom/that we talked about just now. 3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。 This is the girl whose father is a policeman. 4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。 They live in a house whose windows face south. 5、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天 I still remember the day when we first arrived in the city. 6、这就是我们以前住过的房子 This is the house in which/where we used to live. 7、他们来到一所农舍,农舍前面坐着一个小男孩 They arrived at a cottage, in front of which sat a little boy. 8、我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了 I lost the pen that cost me 10 yuan. 9、那个女人住在楼下,她是个音乐家 The woman lives downstairs, who is a musician. 10、他考试通过了,这使他父母很高兴 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. 11.、众所周知,中国将在2008年举办奥运会

英译汉-文体翻译(1)新闻

第六单元文体翻译 第一节新闻报道 一、新闻翻译的特点 1、翻译讲求实效 2、可以适当增减 ?翻译:遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。 ?编译:紧扣原作主题思想,从原作选取最有价值的内容,遵循篇章构建的一般规律,基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文,再按照翻译的一般原则,将其译成目的语的过程。(王涛2004) ?摘译:摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。(俞建村2001)(注意:必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。) ?参见教材第十章“翻译的类型” p135. 3、符合写作要求 (1)手法: ?以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。 (2)结构: ?编年史法(chronological method ): 依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。 ?新闻导语法(news lead method ): 依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。 (3)语言: ?具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。 4、内容力求准确 二、新闻的翻译 ?标题的翻译 ?电头的翻译 ?导语的翻译 ?正文的翻译 ?了解背景知识 例: US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site W ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane on Saturday. A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place. 美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地 华盛顿电:五角大楼昨日宣称:一架美空军F-16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后,向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。 但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称:星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已“锁定”了这架飞机。 五角大楼的一位发言人说,该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地,伊雷

定语从句译法

定语从句译法 定语从句是历次试题翻译部分必涉及到的。而且,还经常出现多重定语从句,一层修饰一层。 例如: Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" of "fair" comparison. 【结构分析】句中with which we are comparing our subjects 是定语从句,修饰限定the scale。可译为:"在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的…" 【参考译文】既然对智力的评估是比较而言的事,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的尺度能提供"有效的"或"公平的"比较。 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 【结构分析】从机构上看,这是一个主句带两个由who引导的定语从句。尽管结构复杂、信息量大,但还是条理清晰的,因为句子结构环环相扣:前面who从句限定social science historians。这个句子可以改写成:It applies equally to traditional historians and to social science historians. Traditional historians (or the former) view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. Social science historians (or the latter) equate their activity with specific techniques. 这样表达的意思完全一样,但表达方式却很平淡、罗索。而从汉语的表达习惯来说,句子的修饰成分过多或过长往往会造成喧宾夺主、语言含混。如本句可照字面直译。 【参考直译】它同样适用将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家,和把历史研究活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家。 这样的译文较忠实于原文,但读者看起来却很费劲。我们可以按汉语的习惯表达调整为:

第五章 第四节 定语从句的译法

第五章第四节定语从句的译法 英语中的定语从句是比较复杂的语言现象,与汉语的定语相比较,有两点相异之处:(1)汉语的定语比较简单,一般放在所修饰的名词前面,英语的定语从句则放在修饰事物的后面,一般比较长,是个完整的句子。(2)汉语的定语一般是形容词修饰名词,而英语的定语从句分限定性和非限定性的,尤其是非限定性的定语从句,对所修饰的名词限定性并不强,有时兼有状语化的职能,不仅仅起定语作用,译时要根据汉语的表达习惯进行转换。 一、译成定语 若定语从句与主句的关系比较密切,且在译成汉语时完全可以用“……的”结构来直接修饰主句有关的词,那么就没有必要将其与主句拆开,而直接译成定语即成。 1. In this course, the third world, where the largest part of world population live and where abundant natural resources still lie hidden must play its due role. 在这一过程中,拥有世界最多人口、丰富的自然资源沿未开发的第三世界应发挥它应有的作用。 2. The time will surely come when the Chinese people will realize the four modernizations. 中国人民实现四个现代化的日子一定会到来。 3. The (the Grand Canal) met a pressing need by linking the Yangtze Valley, which had become the economic center of the country, with the North, which remained the political center. 这一大运河满足了将已成为全国经济中心的长江流域同仍是政治中心的北方连接起来的迫切需要。 4. And then Gratiano, who loved to copy what his lord did, thought he must make a speech like Bassanio’s. 随后,一举一动都喜欢模仿他主人的葛莱西安诺,觉得他也应该说几句像巴萨尼奥那样的话。 5. Our hope and vision was to forge a Sino-American relationship which would contribute to world peace and the welfare of our two people. 建立一种有利于世界和平和我们两国人民幸福的中美关系是我们当时的希望和憧憬。 二、分句译法 有些定语从句结构较复杂,虽说是语法上的定语从句,但在意义上独立性较强,和主句是两个并列句子。翻译时将此类定语从句单译成一个句子,置于主句之后。 1. He gave me a book which I kept to this day. 他曾送给我一本书,(这本书)我直保存至今。 2. We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged. 在此我们对特别委员会表示满意,特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。 3. Relations between China and Denmark which dates back in January 1950 is friendly. 中国和丹麦之间的关系一直是友好的,这种关系可以追溯到1950年1月。(这种

2定语从句的翻译二

定语从句的“并列套用” 中文里“本位词”和“外位语”如何翻译成英文 英文短句的翻译方法 中英文事实和评论的关系 英文中四种句子的翻译方法 中英文关联词的使用和英文中人名地名的翻译 中英文的一个重要差异:中文是动态性语言,善于用动词;英文是静态性语言,善于用名词 定语从句的翻译二 This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. 这种假设基于人性中内在懒惰的谬论,实际上,除了不正常懒惰的人以外,很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱,也很少有人愿意无所事事,而不去工作。

第一步:断句 This assumption rests on the fallacy/ of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually,/ aside from abnormally lazy people,/ there would be very few/ who would not want to earn more than the minimum,/ and who would prefer to do nothing/ rather than work. 并列套用: 中心词+ 定语1 + 定语2 + 定语3 + 。。。European’s today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength does not matter so much, where unilateral action by nations is forbidden and where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior. 当今的欧洲人,就和两百年前的美国人一样,寻找这样一个世界,在那里,武力并不是最重要的,禁止由国家发起的单边运动,所有国家不论其实力,都受到普遍公认的行为准则的保护。 第二步:翻译 假设是基于这样一种谬论:人性中存在着天生的懒惰。

定语从句汉译英

定语从句句型练习: 1.正在和汤姆说话的人是约翰。 2.你正在找的那位医生在房间里。 3.父亲是一位教师的小男孩来自美国。 4.这是你想要的那本书。 5.我不能忘记在北京居住的那些日子。 6.这是我住了5年的房子。 7.这就是我为什么迟到的原因。 8.你是我唯一可以依靠的人。 9.正在树下读书的那个女骇是我妹妹。 10.玛莉正在照看的那个小骇是汤姆。 11.河边的那栋楼是我们的学校。 12.这是我为什么不喜欢他的原因。 13.你认识那个叫做汤姆的人吗? 14.我入团那年是1999年。 15.他住在窗户朝南开的房间里。 16.我想见一见你刚才谈起的人。 17.一周前丢失的那只山羊找到了。 18.靠窗户的那张桌子坏了。

19.这是我们都感兴趣的一个题目。 20.这是我们唯一能做的事情。 21.你知道电影的开始时间吗? 22.那就是我们在法国旅行的那一年。 23.昨晚我们看的那场电影太好了。 24.你昨天借给我的书非常有趣。 25.这是我父亲曾经工作过的学校。 26.书店就是出售书籍的商店。 27.你知道我为什么早走吗? 28.那就是他为什么发言的原因。 29.这就是挽救了这个男孩生命的医生。 30.他想要访问的那个人是英语老师。 31.我昨天收到的那封信来自我哥哥。 32.我永远都不会忘记入团的那一天。 33.孩子们最喜欢的运动是游泳。 34.你认为我们昨天看的那场电影怎么样? 35.你们正在找的那个人现在正在办公室里等你们。 36.你正在吃的蛋糕产于上海。 37.他们想要访问的那个人是科学家。

38.我认识疑问女士她的丈夫是诺贝尔奖金的获得者。 39.李阿姨照看的那个小孩病了。 40.这就是你们昨天谈到的司机吗? 41.她是我见过的最漂亮的女骇。 42.老师所做的事情没有影响到学生。 43.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 44.这是我们昨天碰头的地方。 45.建了10年的那栋房子昨晚被风吹倒了。 46.我将把我所知道的每一件事都告诉你。 47.我讨厌他对我说话的方式。 48.你喜欢我们昨晚看的那场电影吗? 49.那是他读过最有趣的一本书。 50.他盼望着见到兄弟姐妹的那一刻。 51.她把自己挣的钱都给了父亲。 52.她永远忘不了去云南的那一天。 53.你是我唯一喜欢的人。 54.在那读书的那个孩子是班长。 55.你在校门口碰到的那个孩子是班长。

英译汉篇章翻译2

英译汉篇章翻译练习(2) Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “You know what they say, Senora: …There?s no pot so ugly it can?t find a lid.?” And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.” One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband?s parents, and Imelda was in sisting that she apologized to them. Her daughter objected. “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they?re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay for a new bed, a ll I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue says, the neck pays for?? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!” Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don?t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?” “No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? You know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.? I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: …One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.?”

定语从句翻译方法的整理

定语从句的翻译 英语中,定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面,并且没有限制意义的强弱之分,因此,限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。 英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句,而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以,在翻译定语从句时,一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。 从结构上分析,常见的定语从句翻译方法: 一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面,可以用“的”来连接。 既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语,所以在翻译的时候,通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语,翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。 二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句。 英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂,如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话,会显得定语太臃肿,而无法叙述清楚。这时,可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面,译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理: (一)重复先行词 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分,如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话,常常需要重复先行词,还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。

《翻译英译汉》word版

翻译——英译汉 英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。 一、翻译技巧一 一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。 (一)重点分析句子结构 其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和 一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类: 1. to be句型: 主语 + be + 表语 Miss Jones is a manager. 琼斯小姐是位经理。 2. to do句型: 主语 + do + (宾语) + (状语) He teaches English in this school. 他在这所学校教英语。 3. there be句型: There be + 主语 + 状语 There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills. 山中有美丽的野花。 (二)确定语法现象和惯用结构 英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。例如: ?Anyone who is interested in it can go with us. 对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) ?The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important. 昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the problem) ?You could have done better if you had been more careful. 要是细心一点的话,你就会做得更好。(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) ?Hardly had I said that when she entered the room. 我刚说完,她就进来了。(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语I之前 ) ?It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其 余成分)

英译汉 定语从句 的 各种译法

定语从句 1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. 1、图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能,而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。由于印刷术的发明,这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。 2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low. 2.如果他们每个人都能予以信任来承担这样的职责,并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性,那么管理费用就会降低。 3. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. 3,迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题,甚至包括我们意识到的问题。

4. The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of the hydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon. 4.至少由于氢弹、弹道导弹和登月火箭出人意料地发明,那个历史时期宣告结束了。 5. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. 5.关于威德尔海豹特殊的生理机制,在实验室里对其进行的研究已作过详细的描述。该生理机制使海豹可以适应长时间潜水时出现的极度缺氧。海豹长时间潜水时最深可达水面以下500米,时间可持续70多分钟。 6. The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950’s led to the Stasist school , which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar to the lives of women in the East.

定语从句翻译技巧

定语从句翻译技巧 定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成,用来修饰名词中心词。 Person has pieced together the worked of hundreds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place. 皮而森汇集了...生产出独特的千年历,这种千年历(它)能够... 定语的翻译要特别注意位置上的变化,即:如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面,这和汉语的词序是一样的;如果定语太长,定语就要放在中心词的后面,这时就要注意断句,重复先行词,例如: 1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 在学英语的问题上,我和你有同样的问题。 2.She has a perfect figure. 她身材不错。 3.This is indeed a most pressing problem. 这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。 4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother. 别的知道这个秘密的人就是他的父母。 5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities 有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的,而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。 6.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C.

定语从句汉译英

定语从句句型练习: 1. 正在和汤姆说话的人是约翰。 2. 你正在找的那位医生在房间里。 3. 父亲是一位教师的小男孩来自美国。 4. 这是你想要的那本书。 5. 我不能忘记在北京居住的那些日子。 6. 这是我住了 5 年的房子。 7. 这就是我为什么迟到的原因。 8. 你是我唯一可以依靠的人。 9. 正在树下读书的那个女骇是我妹妹。 10. 玛莉正在照看的那个小骇是汤姆。 11. 河边的那栋楼是我们的学校。 12. 这是我为什么不喜欢他的原因。 13. 你认识那个叫做汤姆的人吗? 14. 我入团那年是1999 年。 15. 他住在窗户朝南开的房间里。 16. 我想见一见你刚才谈起的人。 17. 一周前丢失的那只山羊找到了。 18. 靠窗户的那张桌子坏了。 19. 这是我们都感兴趣的一个题目。 20. 这是我们唯一能做的事情。 21. 你知道电影的开始时间吗? 22. 那就是我们在法国旅行的那一年。 23. 昨晚我们看的那场电影太好了。 24. 你昨天借给我的书非常有趣。 25. 这是我父亲曾经工作过的学校。 26. 书店就是出售书籍的商店。 27. 你知道我为什么早走吗? 28. 那就是他为什么发言的原因。 29. 这就是挽救了这个男孩生命的医生。 30. 他想要访问的那个人是英语老师。 31. 我昨天收到的那封信来自我哥哥。 32. 我永远都不会忘记入团的那一天。 33. 孩子们最喜欢的运动是游泳。 34. 你认为我们昨天看的那场电影怎么样? 35. 你们正在找的那个人现在正在办公室里等你们。 36. 你正在吃的蛋糕产于上海。

37. 他们想要访问的那个人是科学家。 38. 我认识疑问女士她的丈夫是诺贝尔奖金的获得者。 39. 李阿姨照看的那个小孩病了。 40. 这就是你们昨天谈到的司机吗? 41. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女骇。 42. 老师所做的事情没有影响到学生。 43.1949 年10 月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 44. 这是我们昨天碰头的地方。 45. 建了10 年的那栋房子昨晚被风吹倒了。 46. 我将把我所知道的每一件事都告诉你。 47. 我讨厌他对我说话的方式。 48. 你喜欢我们昨晚看的那场电影吗? 49. 那是他读过最有趣的一本书。 50. 他盼望着见到兄弟姐妹的那一刻。 51. 她把自己挣的钱都给了父亲。 52. 她永远忘不了去云南的那一天。 53. 你是我唯一喜欢的人。 54. 在那读书的那个孩子是班长。 55. 你在校门口碰到的那个孩子是班长。定语从句答案: 1. The boy who is talking with Tom is John. 2. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room . 3. The boy whose father is a teacher is from America . 4. This is the book which you want . 5.I can 't forget the days when I lived in Beijing . 6. This is the house where I lived for five years . 7. This is (the reason) why I 'm late . 8. You are the only person that I can dcpend on . 9. The girl who is reading under the tree is my sister . 10. T he boy whom Mary is looking after is Tom . 11. T he builing which stands near the river is our school . 12. T his is (the reason) why I don 't like him . 13. D o you know the man whose name is Tom . 14. T he year when I joined the league was 1999 . 15. H e lives in the room whose window opens to the south . 16.I want to see the man whom you talked of just now . 17. T he goat which was lost a week ago has been found . 18. T he desk which stands by the window is broken . 19. T his is a subject which we are interested in . 20. T his is the only thing that we can do .

英译汉篇章翻译5

英译汉篇章翻译练习(5) From this motive I began to think seriously of matrimony, and choose my wife, as she did her wedding gown, not for a fine glossy surface, but such qualities as would wear well. To do her justice, she was a good-natured, notable woman; and as for breeding there were few country ladies who could show more. She could read any English book without much spelling; but for pickling, preserving, and cookery, none could excel her. She prided herself also upon being an excellent contriver in housekeeping, though I never could find that we grew richer with all her contrivances. However, we loved each other tenderly, and our fondness increased as we grew old. There was, in fact, nothing that could make us angry with the world or each other. We had an elegant house, situated in a fine country, and a good neighborhood. The year was spent in moral and rural amusements, in visiting our rich neighbors, and relieving such as were poor. We had no revolutions to fear, more fatigues to undergo; all our adventures were by the fireside, and all our migrations from the blue bed to the brown. As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation; and I profess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it. Our cousins, too, even to the fortieth remove; all remembered their affinity and come very frequently to see us. Some of them did us no great honor by these claims of kindred; as we had the blind, the maimed, and the halt amongst the number. However, my wife always insisted that as they were that same flesh and blood, they should sit with us at the same table. So that if we had not very rich, we generally had very happy friends about us; for this remark will hold good through life, that the poorer the guest, the better pleased he ever is with being treated; and as some men gaze with admiration at the colors of a tulip, or the wing of butterfly, so I was by nature an admirer of happy human faces. However, when any one of our relations was found to be a person of very bad character, a troublesome guest, or one we desired to get rid of, upon his leaving my house I ever took care to lend him a riding-coat or a pair of boots, or sometimes a horse of small value, and I always had the satisfaction of finding he never came back to return them. By this the house was cleared of such as we did not like; but never was the family of Wakefield known to turn the traveler or the poor dependant out of doors.

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