南航研究生英语阅读教程翻译

Translation

Unit 1

No doubt everyone has to apologize for his life, sooner or later. When we appear at the Last Judgment and the Recording Angel reads out a list of our sins, we will presumably be given an opportunity to apologize, in the old sense of rebuttal and in the new sense too, by way of confession and plea of repentance. In this life, it is better to apologize (in the new sense), but promptly, voluntarily, fully and sincerely. If the error is a matter of opinion and un-punishable, so much the better –an apology then becomes a gracious and creditable occasion, and an example to all. An enforced apology is a miserable affair. Besides, there is something distinguished about a ready apology. It is a mark of a gentleman, more particularly if it is not necessary. It is the opposite of revenge. Bacon wrote, “In seeking revenge, a man is but equal with his enemy, but in forgiving him, he is superior, for it is a princes part to pardon.”So, the person who apologizes freely has the moral ball in his court.

毋庸置疑，任何人,或迟或早，都要为自己的一生辩护当我们出席最后的审判时，记录天使诵读出所罗列的我们的罪孽，我们作了忏悔并请求宽恕，这样大概会被给予辩白(这个词的老义)和表示歉意(它的新义)的机会. 在今生中，道歉(新义)是桩对的事，但是要做到及时、要心甘情愿、要完完全全、要诚心诚意。如果过错是看法上的事，并且错不当罚，那最好不过——说一声“对不起”就成了一个显示大度的机会，可赞可叹，众人之楷模也。而被迫去道歉，那可就难受了。此外，随时准备好一句道歉的话，是一种高尚行为，特别是在没有必要道歉时而道歉，更显示出一个绅士的特质。道歉与报复相对。培根说:“寻求报复的人和他的敌人，是一丘之貉；能宽恕对方的人，其品格让对方相形见绌。因为，宽恕是王者之风。”因此，谁把“对不起”常挂在嘴边，谁就在道义上掌握了主动。

有时候，在工作中重要的是能否处理好人际关系，而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really count in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward other’s needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. That’s why many ordinary employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off. Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake, they put themselves in the first place. They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark

themselves as “prickly”.

Unit 3

The plane arcs softly into its final descent at Hong Kong International Airport. Below, Victoria Harbor, and the silent rhythms of countless ships. Beyond, sloping mountains fence in a breathtaking city view that seems to stretch forever.This is no ordinary airport. This is no ordinary city.An eldly man passes by wearing pajamas, bearing a brightly feathered bird singing merrily in its cage.Professionals gather at a roadside kitchen for noodles, congee and shrimp. Incense from a tiny Taoist temple drifts into the pounding beat of rock music pouring out of a discotheque. A ferry travels on the nearby water regularly, taking passengers to an isolated island 40 minutes away, where Buddhist temples and tiny fishing villages dot the landscape, Hong Kong. Here, 161km south of the Tropic of Cancer, beats the pulse of Southeast Asia’s heart. Where East greets West, and past colors present.

飞机划着柔和的弧线最终降落到香港国际机场。俯瞰，维多利亚港，无数的船只演奏着无声的旋律。眺望，依山而立令人叹为观止的城市风景一望无际。这不是一个普通的机场。这也不是一座普通的城市。一位穿着睡衣的老人从旁边走过，手上提着一个鸟笼，一只颜色鲜艳的鸟儿在里面欢快地歌唱。上班一族聚在路边的餐馆里吃面条，喝粥，吃小虾。一个小道观里飘出来的檀香混杂着从迪斯科厅里流出的摇滚乐有力的节奏，浑然一体。一只渡船穿梭在附近的水面上，把乘客们带到离此处40分钟里程的一座孤岛上，岛上，寺庙和渔村交相辉映。香港，在北回归线以南161公里处，如同东南亚的心脏时刻搏动；这里东西交融，时光汇聚

“上海”的字面意思是“位于海之上”。它位于长江流入大海之前的最后一条支流的黄浦江畔。城市的主要部分横跨黄浦江两岸，市中心离东海岸仅15公里。1842年，一艘英国军舰潜入长江口，攻占了吴淞炮台，不发一弹就占领了上海。从那以后，上海作为国际性城市就出现在世界舞台上。英国人首先在黄浦江西岸的泥地上盖起简易的仓库，运转货物。随后，美国、德国、法国、俄国和日本的商人也来了。他们都贪图同中国人通商，以夺取中国的金银财富。于是，工厂、商店、银行、夜总会、跑马场、赌场等大量出现了。在不到一百年的时间里，上海就变成了外国人在中国进行冒险、寻求浪漫生活的地方。

Shanghai, which means “above the sea”, is on the Huangpu River, the lowest tributary at the mouth of the Yangtze. The main city sits astride the Huangpu, only fifteen kilometers to the east coast. Shanghai was born to the world as a cosmopolitan city in 1842 when a British ship, slipping unnoticed into the mouth of the Yangtze River, reduced the Wusong Fort and took the city without a fight. On the muddy west bank of the Huangpu, the English first built sheds for their goods. Thereafter, came other traders: Americans, Germans, French, Russians and Japanese. All of them were avid for Chinese trade and Chinese gold. In less than a hundred years, Shanghai, teeming with factories, shops, banks, night clubs, race-courses and casinos, became the place for foreigners to seek adventure and romance in China.

Unit 5

Every successful business is built on superior senses of timing, opportunity, responsibility, and , not frequently, humor.None, however, is more critical than the ability to sense the market. A senior executive’s instinctive capacity to empathize with and gain insights from customers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies, product and service offerings, communications programs, indeed, all elements of a company’s strategic posture.Bill Gates, Akio Morita, Sam Walton, and others brought this ability to the enterprises they founded. Without it, their ventures might have been short-lived or at least far less successful.Paying attention to the customer is certainly not a new idea. But many top-level managers, particularly those at industrial companies, consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and marketing staff.And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority, most retain only limited contact with consumers as their organizations grow, relying instead on subordinates’reports –second or third hand information-to define and sense the market for them.

每一个成功的工商企业都是建立在一些卓越的意识之上的，即懂得审时度势，抓住机遇，承担责任，并不乏幽默感。但这一切都没有比对市场了的感知能力更重要。高级管理人员的一个非常重要的本事是能很自然地设身处地为客户着想，并从他们的那里获得真知灼见.他们利用这种能力来指导技术、产品和售后服务，沟通计划，乃至公司战略计划的各个方面。比尔·盖茨,盛田昭夫, 萨姆·沃尔顿之类的成功者就曾把这种本事带进他们各自创立的企业中。没有这种能力，他们的事业或许只是昙花一现，至少没有像今天这样成功。关注客户，并不是什么新鲜理念。但是许多高层经理，特别是工业公司的高层经理，把与顾客接触看成是销售和市场营销人员的事。即便他们确实也认为市场是公司的重心，但随着公司的发展，他们中大多数人也只与消费者保持十分有限的接触而已。他们判断和把握市场，依赖于下属送来的报告，即二手、三手的材料。

企业文化是一种观念形态，它以企业的价值体系为基础，与企业的管理理念和管理行为紧密项链，是企业管理的核心所在。从狭义上说，它指的是企业在生产经营的实践中形成的一种基本精神和凝聚力，以及全体员工共有的价值观念和行为准则。从广义上说，企业文化还包括企业人员的文化，即企业领导人员的文化心理，文化素养以及员工的文化行为。作为一个经济实体，企业的任务十分明确，即生产更多更好的产品，为社会创造财富。企业所从事的是一种经济活动，同时企业也是一个组织，是由一个多种人聚集而成的集体，而人是一种社会动物，需要一种文化加以规范和调节他们的行为。我们不能把企业看成是纯粹的机器运转和物质变化，而应该把它们看做是一种社会性活动，看做是一种具有社会性的人从事的活动，这是我们了解和认识企业文化的出发点。

Corporate culture is a form of ideal, which is based on the value system of an enterprise and closely related to the management philosophy as well as the management behavior of the enterprise. It is where the kernel/core of business management lies.In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and affinity/cohesion that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior

shared by the whole staff.In the broad sense, corporate culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members.As an economic entity, the task of an enterprise is definite, that is, to produce more and better products, to create wealth for the society.What an enterprise is engaged in is kind of economic activity. Meanwhile an enterprise is also regarded as an organization of human beings, who, as a kind of social animals, require a kind of culture to normalize and regulate their behaviors.We should not regard entrepreneurial production as sheer mechanical operation and material change, but as a kind of social activity that the social beings of humans are engaged in. This is the starting point for us to understand and know about entrepreneurial culture

Unit 8

The first time I met him I was impressed by the far-away look in his eyes. They were such sad eyes, eyes that made you think of old sorrows, old dreams, old mysteries of life. They were certainly the windows of his soul. We were soon on familiar terms and I noticed a quick response to a kindly spoken word. A manner that expressed keen interest in any small attention. Our mere acquaintance developed early into a warm friendship and we had numerous walks together. His was ever a silent friendship and only by his manner were you sure he was enjoying the beauty and freedom of the country roads, the lush meadows, the cooling waters of the brooks we met. I used to enjoy watching his enjoyment, his feeling of companionship, his sense of being in friendly company, and I found myself responding to his moods and cheerful abandonment to the joy of the present moment.

我初次看到他时，就被其深邃的目光打动。那是一双忧郁的眼睛，给人一种生命久远的悲伤、久远的梦幻和神秘。这双眼睛，是真正的心灵之窗。很快，我们就相熟起来；即便是轻声细语，也能在瞬间触动他。他对周围任何一个细节都有浓厚的兴趣，不久，我们从萍水相逢路人变成好朋友，经常在一起散步，温暖着对方。他不说话，唯有通过他的一举一动，你才能发现他沉浸于乡间漫步的美妙和自由，葱郁的草地和凉爽的溪水让他格外兴奋。看到他高兴的样子，看到他沉醉于友情，看到他因为有人陪伴而开心不已，我发现自己也被他的情绪感染，抛开现在的一切，拥抱此刻的欢乐。

我们的一生中，交换无时无刻无处不在。

5岁时，交换的是孩子手中不同口味的棒棒糖。

“我的棒棒糖是葡萄味的，你的呢？”

“草莓味。不过我好想尝尝葡萄味的棒棒糖。”

“那好吧，我跟你换。”

5岁的孩子有5岁的天真。交换了棒棒糖，交换的不仅仅是葡萄、草莓的不同口味，交换的更是孩童时那一份纯真的友情。

25岁时，交换是情侣手中相同款式的戒指。

“你愿意娶她为你的合法妻子，无论疾病、贫穷、灾难都不离不弃么？”

“我愿意。”

“你愿意嫁他为你的合法丈夫，无论疾病、贫穷、灾难都不离不弃么？”

“我愿意。”

35岁的人已有了25岁的责任。交换了戒指，交换的不仅仅是一份真志不渝的感情，交换的更是一份享受相伴，共度一生的信任和责任。

Give-and-take takes place all the time in the whole course of our lives. Five-year-old children exchange lollipops of different flavor. “Mine has grape flavor. What about yours?”“Strawberry. I do like to have a taste of a grape-flavored lollipop.”

“Ok, let’s exchange.” That’s what innocent children of five do. What they give each other is not just lollipop of grape-flavor or strawberry-flavor, but also the kind of friendship characteristic of childhood. At 25, it is the marriage rings of the same style that are exchanged.

“Do you like to take her as your legally-wedded wife and to have and hold from this day forward, in sickness and in health, for richer for poorer , for better for worse?”

“Yes, I do.”

“Do you like to take him as your legally-wedded husband and to have and hold…?”

“Yes, I do.” People of twenty-five start to shoulder responsibilities at this age. What they exchange the ring is not just the most heart-felt, enduring love, but also the conviction and commitment to spend their lives together unto their very end.

Unit 9

The word “highway”is a misleading name of this phenomenon.This “Highway”is more a social and commercial environment than a static network.The “highway”is composed of a network, and computing resources, but more importantly, the “highway” defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other.It is for these reasons that the building of such a “highway”can be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/user model that has been used in the past.Based on these concepts the information highway can be defined as: “A location-independent user environment that uses high speed networking and computing for multimedia communications.”This virtual environment allows users, for the first time, to communicate with each other in a near natural way, through the merging of three rapidly evolving technologies. These are: transmission, switching, and compression.

“高速公路”这个词是这种现象的一个误导名称。这条“高速公路”与其说是一个静态的网络，不如说是一个社会和商业的环境。该“高速公路”由网络和计算机资源组成，但更重要的是，它定义了一个人与人、组织与组织之间相互作用和联系的新环境。正是由于这些原因，建立这种“高速公路”需要协同合作的力量，而不是过去传统的那种服务提供商／用户模式。基于这些概念，信息高速公路可以定义为：“一种不受地理位置制约的用户环境，它使用高速网络和计算机进行多媒体通讯”。这种虚拟环境使得用户第一次可以通过同时使用语音、视频、图象和数据，以近乎真实的方式相互交流。这种环境综合了三种快速发展的技术而建立。它们是：传输，交换和压缩。

国际互联网最初是美国国防部建立的一个实验性网络，现在涵盖了世界范围内的2000多万台计算机，估计每年还要增加50万台。它提供电子邮件、数以千计的简报式新闻以及各种数据库服务。你可以用电子邮件把问候语与电视图像、声音、数据等压缩在一起更重要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的合作。人们已经进行了在互联网现场传输声音和图像的实验。互联网庞大的规模使它有望成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心问题。

Internet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense Department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 400,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services.The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data.More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data.Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the Internet have also been conducted.The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone of the Information Superhighway.But in order to support the growing number of users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information Superhighway.

Unit 12

Either in music in fiction the most basic thing is rhythm. Your style need to have good, natural, steady rhythm or people won’t keep reading your work.I learned the importance of rhythm from music –and mainly from jazzNext comes melody that, in literature, means the appropriate arrangement of the words to match the rhythm. If the way the words fit the rhythm is smooth and beautiful, you can’t ask for anything more.Next is harmony –the internal mental sounds that support the words.Then comes the part I like best: free improvisation.Through some special channel, the story comes welling out freely from inside. All I have to do is get into the flow. Finally comes what may be the most important thing: that high you experience upon completing a work –upon ending your “performance”–and feeling you have succeeded in reading a place that is new and meaningful.And if all goes well, you get to share that sense of elevation with your readers (your audience). That is a marvelous culmination that can be achieved in no other way.

无论是小说或是音乐，最基础的东西在于韵律。你的风格需要有优良、自然且持续的律动，否则人们不会持续地想要阅读你的作品。我从音乐——主要是爵士乐中——认识韵律的重要性。接下来的旋律--在文学上的形式代表着将我们的语言加以适当的组织实现韵律的契合。如果文字与韵律的契合平滑而优美，你将别无所求。接下来是旋律，在文学作品中即为伴随节奏而巧妙的遣词造句。接下来就是我最喜欢的部分：自由即兴创作。通过一些特别的途径，整个故事可以从我的内心深处喷涌出来。我所要做的，就是顺着思路，随心而做。最终，最重要的时刻到来了：在完成一件作品，完成一场表演时，你兴奋无比，你感觉你达到一个全新的，涵义深刻的阅读境界。假如这一切顺利，你可以与你的读者(你的听众)分享这种境界。唯有这种方式，才能美妙无比，到达创作的顶峰。

对我而言，生活的转折点是放弃更有前途的商业而专攻音乐。父母虽然同情我，也像我一样热爱音乐，却反对我以音乐为职业。考虑到我的家庭情况，他们的这种态度是完全可以理解的。我祖父在莫比尔的斯普林希尔学院教授音乐达40年之久，深受学院师生的热爱和敬重，他的工资却几乎不够维持一大家人的生活。父亲常说若不是祖母精明能干，克勤克俭，一家人非挨饿不可。所以在我们家，只要一提起音乐这个行当，大家就会想起那收入微博，朝不保夕的苦日子。父母坚持要我上大学，不准我进音乐学院，我也就上了大学。我记得当时还挺高兴，因为虽然我热爱小提琴，大部分可与时间都花在练琴上，但我还有许多其他爱好。不等我从哥伦比亚大学毕业，家庭经济严重化，我感到自己有责任退学找工作，就这样我投身于商业-事后我每次想起这段经历都觉得是虚度了年华。

The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music.My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as a profession.This was understandable in view of the family background.My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and, though much loved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said it was only the cleverness and thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the family away from starving.As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a miserable existence with uncertain financial rewards.My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music, and to college I went –quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests.Before my graduation form Columbia, the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job. Thus I launched upon a business career –which I always think of as the wasted years.

Unit 14

The word “science”seems to contain some magic power; if put forward, it should bring about immediate consent, with no possible discussion.This situation is exploited for advertisement, but it is basically unsound. Science is not a creed. It was not revealed to man by some superior deity. Science is a product of the human brains, and as such, it is always open to discussion and possible revision.There is no absolute truth in it: rather relativity is its rule. It represents a logical summary of human knowledge, based on human observation and experience, both of which are always of limited range and finite accuracy.As for the logic introduced into the classification of empirical facts, it is typically a product of our brain.We select experimental results that appear to us as logically connected together, and we ignore many facts that do not fit into our “logic”.This rather artificial procedure is our own invention and we are so proud of it that we insist its results should be considered as “laws of nature.”

科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任何可能的讨论这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不合情理。要知道，科学不是一种信条，也不是神灵向人类的揭示物。它是人类思维的产物，因此是可以讨论和修正的。科学无绝对真理，科学的真理，总是相对的。它以人的观察和经验为基础，对人类知识进行

逻辑性的总结，然而人的观察和经验总是有限的而且缺少一定的精确性。至于那些用来对经验事实进行归类的逻辑则完全是我们大脑的产物。我们选择我们认为有着逻辑联系的实验结果，而忽略许多不符合我们自己“逻辑”的事实。这种相当人为的选择结果是我们自己的事情。对此，我们非常得意，以至于主张这些人为选择的结果应该被当做“自然规律”来对待。

一门科学，它研究某一类事物，研究这一类事物里各个成员之间的关系。因此，自然科学的理想形式是与数学的理想形式相同的。自然科学的目的是去发现这样一些关系，即在某种情况下有事件P出现时，一定也有事件Q出现。当一门学科从描述性的定性阶段发展到以定量和解释的方式表达相互关系的阶段时，该门科学就以数学的形式出现了。天文学曾一度是一门描述性的科学。但是，开普勒（Kepler）和牛顿（Newton）的工作确立了这样的基础，利用这些基础，天体运动规律可用数学来表示。正是在这个意义上，数学有时可称为科学的语言。当科学的结论采用定量的形式表达，并频繁地启发新的实验时，就要使用数学的假设命题了；另一方面，观察到的科学数据极其复杂，会刺激数学的发展，并拓宽数学的基础。

A branch of science deals with a class of things, and the relations between these membersThus the ideal form of a natural science is the same as that of mathematics. The objective in a natural science is to discover relations which assert that if an event P is present in a situation, then the event Q also present. As a branch of science advances/develops from a descriptive and qualitative stage to one where the relations can be expressed in a quantitative and explanatory manner, the science assumes/takes on a mathematical form.Astronomy at one time was a descriptive science, but work of Kepler and Newton established foundations, by means of which the laws of the heavenly bodies’motions could be expressed mathematically. It is in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science.When the scientific conclusions take on/assumes a quantitative form and frequently suggest new experiments, the hypothetical propositions of mathematics are called into play/in need; while, on the other hand, complexities in observed data of science stimulate the development of mathematics and broaden its foundation.

Unit 15

The will to win is a powerful motive, and individual athletes as well as coaches and administrators have studied such matters as the most efficient type of leadership and the optimal level of pre-game stress.Psychologists differ among themselves, but some contend that democratic leadership produces greater individual satisfaction while authoritarian leadership provides “results”.Many psychological studies have shown that female athletes tend to attribute failure to their lack of effort or will while male athlete point to external factors such as luck or the strength of the opposition.It has also been established that the ideal level of pre-game stress falls between utter relaxation and hypertension and depends in part on the sport; successful archery, for instance, calls for less pre-match aggressiveness than rugby does.Athletes in many sports such as golf, tennis, diving, high jump, and pole vaulting, where form and timing are crucial, often resort to a different method of pre-game “psyching”called imaging or visualizing.This does not so much build aggressiveness as write a visual mental script to be followed in the contest to

come.

想赢得比赛是一种强大的动力。不仅教练员、管理者，而且运动员都研究过诸如最有效的领导模式和赛前压力最佳程度方面的问题。心理学家对此的看法也不同。但是部分专家认为民主式的领导会让运动员感到满意，而绝对权威式的领导则能带来“结果”。许多心理研究表明，女性运动员容易将失败归咎于自身的努力不足或者缺乏斗志，而男性运动员则将失败归咎于运气不好或者对手太强大等外部因素。人们同样认为，赛前理想的压力度是在过度放松和过分紧张之间，而且还要部分取决于运动项目。比如，射箭要想出好成绩，就不需要有打橄榄球赛前那种咄咄逼人的气势。而在诸如高尔夫球、网球、跳水和撑杆跳这些运动中，把握状态和时机则非常重要。运动员运用一种通常称作“映像”或“想象”的心理方法。这种方法注重赛前在大脑中预演动作要领，做好充分准备，而不仅仅是一种咄咄逼人的气势。

参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。它表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。他会尽其所能，永不松懈，永不罢休。有人说，竞技者终究会是失败者，即使最佳运动员也终究被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者中才能涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜-这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局而沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。实在到了自知技穷之时，他会愉快地退下来，让位给年轻的优胜者，并对自己在奥林匹克运动中争取更好成绩尽了一份力而心满意足。他会自豪地说他的青春没有虚度。人生能有几回搏！生命有限，竞技生命更是短暂的。运动员比任何人都更深刻地认识到时光易逝，机会难得。

To participate and to win —that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in/is demonstrated in the weak daring to defy/challenge the strong, and strong striving for ever better performance. Even better —the ideal always luring/encouraging a sportsman forward.He will do everything he can/exert to his utmost/spare no effort, never relax, never give up. It is said that none of the competition can avoid being defeated —even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports —thousands of losers to set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.However, undaunted/Never depressed/losing heart by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.When the time comes and he knows he can’t, he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner, aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his bit/played his part for the “even better”records of the Olympic Games.He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain. Chances to compete for championship are few and far between. Life is short. Still short is the time for an athlete trying to win games. None other than an athletic contestant feels so keenly about the rarity of opportunity and the fleeting of time.