(完整版)高考英语介词和连词的讲解.doc
高考英语介词和连词
介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词、名词和代词等搭配，才
能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的
词（如：动名词v-ing ）。介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。
连词在句中的作用是把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来。它不能在句中单
独作句子成分。
高考重点要求：
1、介词的含义及在句中的作用。
2、介词 + 宾语构成短语的作用。
3、介词短语在句子中的功能的理解。
4、并列连接词和从属连接词的使用和区别。
第一节知识点概述
一、介词
（一）表示时间的介词
1.表示时间段的介词
（1） in , after
in + 时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间
after + 时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如：
He ’ ll come back in two days.但钟点用after( after three o’ clock) He left on July 2 and returned after three days.
（ 2） in , during
表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或 during
The work was done in/during the holidays.
表示年份、月份、季节用in ,如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter （ 3） for the past +时间段, during
表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时
I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.
（4） for 表示延续一段时间
I’ll study in the U.S for two years.
I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour.
2.表示某一时间的介词
（1） at, on
at 表示某一时刻， on 表示某一天或日期 , 如 :
at 7:14,on Saturday morning on the night of May 2
一天内各段时间表达, 须选用正确的介词，请比较：
in the morning
on a winter / snow / cold / morning
at night
th
on the night of March 7
in the evening
on Friday evening
（ 2） before,by
before 表示某一之前，而by表示到某一止，句中多用完成。
如:
You must get up before six.你必六点之前起床。
By the end of last month the boy had got 4“ As” .
到上月底个男孩已得了 4 个 A.
（ 3） after , since
after可以表示去某一点之后，通常和一般去用，而since表示从去某开始延到在的一段, 与在完成用，如；
My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .
解放后我父住在上海.
Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.
自去年年底以来，位女士开了五音会。
（ 4） from ?to, until /till
from----to表示从某一点到另一点的一段，而until或till表示某作或状延到某点。如：
My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.
从 1960 年到 1964 年我在北京大学学。
My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.
我 1960 年入北京大学，一直学到1964 年。
3.不用介词表示时间的词或词组
含this, that, last, next 等表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year ， last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。
（二）表示事物位置的介词
（ 1） at, in
当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at 。而表示空间内部用介词in, 如：We ’ll meet at the supermarket . 我们在超市见面
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard.
因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里
*动词 arrive后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如 : 车站、村庄等；后接in表示较大地方，如: 城市 ,地区等。
（ 2） in, to
in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物相对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如：
Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前部，在同一范围内。
（ 3） after, behind
after 指顺序先后,behind指位置在某事物之后，相对于in front of 而言 , 如：He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door。他躲在门后。
（ 4 ） on , in
on表示“在某物表面上”。如将物看作空间，表示
在其内部，用介词in 。
Above
Over
On
On
There is a modern painting on the wall .
On
Under 墙上有一副现代油画。（指挂在墙上）Below
There is a modern painting in the wall .
墙上有一副现代油画。（指画在墙上）
（ 5） from ,off都表示“离开”
（ 6） above , over,below , under
over , under表示垂直的上下关系，而above,below仅表示位置上“高
于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。
（ 7） between,among
between 表示“两个事物之间”, among表示“三者以上的事物之间”。（三）表示运动方向的介词
（ 1） into,inside , in从外到内，如：
He went quickly into / inside the room.
He went quickly out of / outside the room.
（ 2） out of从里到外，相当于outside,或从里向外,相当于from
She went out of the office in a hurry她匆匆走出办公室。
The boy watched the buses,cars and bikes out from the window .
男孩透窗看外面的公交、小汽和自行。
（ 3） on在??表面，onto到??上
A boat is on the river.一条小船在河上。
He jumped onto a tree.他跳上一棵。
（ 4） across穿一平面，through穿一空
The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.
男孩用力踢球，球草地。
The train moved fast through the tunnel.火穿隧道。
（ 5） to ,towards朝??去
She walked to the bank.她步行到行去。
She swam towards the shore.她朝岸游去。
（四）常用介词用法比较
（1） as , like
as 表示“作” 身份， like ( 介 )表示“像”
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
（ 2） with ,in
with 表示“外貌特征或附的西”,“用??作工具”
in 表示”衣着”，用某言，也用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
（ 3） for ,to
for 表示“为了 .”
to表示动作对象,“对,向”，如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示“就某情况而说” , to 表示“对某对象而言”如：
It ’s quite warm today for February. 就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me 。
他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜。
for表示“目的,用途”。与go,come动词连用。
（ 4） except , besides
except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与but 同义，besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.. 除法语外，他还会讲英语。
（ 5）注意成对介词的用法：
get into (out of ) the car, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
（ 6）介和名等有不少固定搭配和用法：
to one ’ s surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once,
on time, in time, in all, at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example,
at the same time, at the same speed, on one ’ s way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green ， put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show ?around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for, ?
二、连词
（一）并列连词和从属连词的用法
按其性可分：
1.并列，如： and,or, but,so for,等，接并列的与，短与短，句子与
句子。
例如： Rice and potatoes are common foods.（与）
Today we can travel by plane or by train.（短与短）
Many trees lose their leaves in winter, but evergreen trees do not.（句子与句子）
关是一成使用的
例如： both ??and ??,not ??but ??.
not only??but also??not only?but? as well
either ??or ??neither ??nor ??
关联连词必须后接同样的语法结构。
如： Either the windows or the door was open .
2.从属连词，如that, whether, when, because, though等，用以引导名词性从句、定语
从句和状语从句。
3.从属连词引导的从句不可以与主句断开。
例如： When the alarm clock rang.（不完整）
4.though(although)引导让步状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，所以
though(although)不能和并列连词but，because不能和并列连词so 一起使用。只能单独使用。
第二节实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1、介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，
这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
2、介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要
求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如：
a.动词 + 介词： laugh at, wait for
b.形容词、过去分词 + 介词： be good at, be proud of
c 名词 + 介词： pay a visit to , the key to
3 、表示选择关系的连词，连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有or, either...or, otherwise
例如：
a)You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.
b) You must get up early or you won’ t catch the early bus.
4 、表示转折关系，连接的双方构成对比，意义上有转折。常用连词有but, however, while,
only
例如：
a)His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.
b)You can watch TV, but you must finish your homework first.
5 、表示联合关系，联合的双方是对等的，意义上趋向一致。常用连词有：and, both...and,
neither...nor, not only...but also, as well as
To study English well, we need both diligence and careful.
That horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.
6 、表示因果关系，连接的双方，互为因果，或者前因后果，或者前果后因。常用的连词有：
for, so
例如：
It must have rained, for the ground is wet.
二、历届高考试题分析
例 1 、 _____ he did not know much English，he got out his dictionary and looked up
the word.
A. As
B. For
C. Since
D. Because
答案为 A
【解析】 for ， because和as虽皆可作连词用，都可表示“因为”，但用法有些区别。for
引导的分句总是置于另一分句之后，常常对前一分句加以解释，两个分句之间，总是用逗号
分开。 because引的原因状从句，往往以why 句，气比重，的往往是
方未了解的新信息。as 引的原因状从句，往往是方也知道的信息。本句是他拿出
典，然，“他知道的英不多”，是明着的事，所以用as 最恰当。
例2. John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School ____ the beginning of
March.
A. on
B. for
C. with
D. at
答案： D
【解析】at the beginning of“在???的开始”。
例3. — How far apart do they live?
— _________ I know ,they live in the same neighbourhood.
A. As long as
B. As far as
C. As well as
D. As often as
答案 B
【解析】首先分析四个短的意区。是四个意完全不同的短。as long as 意“只要??就” ;as far as意“到目前止” ；as well as意“也??”；as often as
意“每次，每当” ，根据原as far as I know意“就我所知” 。
例4. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010
is strongly impressed_________ my memory.
A. to
B. over
C. by
D. on
答案 D 。
【解析】impress sb . (with sth.)某人深刻印象。impress on/upon sb.是固定搭配，??留下印象。
例5. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________ my
spare time.
A. from
B. in
C. of
D. at
答案 C。
【解析】是一个从句，have taken后接感句，其正常序是what little of my spare time there is.
例6. The sunlight came in ________the windows in the roof and lit up the whole
room.
A. through
B. across
C. on
D. over
答案 A 。
【解析】“从窗隙中”要用介through。through指从里面穿，透；across 从面上横穿，横跨；on“在??面上”；over从一地到另一地；一段或距离。
文：阳光从屋窗隙中照射来，把整个屋子都照亮了。
例 7. He was about to tell me the secret _______someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as
B. until
C. while
D. when
答案 D 。
【解析】as, until, while和when均可表，但各有不同：as一??一;while
“在??期 / 同”，表折； when有两种用法：①当??，从句不限；②就在此
，忽然，等于at that time, suddenly。常用的句式有：be doing?when?(正在做??
突然??); be about to do?when(正要做??突然??)；常与when用。文：他
正要告我个秘密，，有人拍了拍他的肩膀。
例 8. I know nothing about the young lady ________She is from Beijing.
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D. besides
答案 C。
【解析】except后接名或代，意思是“除??之外”，表示从整体中除掉部分。except for 后接名或代，意思是“除??之外”，表示两种事物的比。如：Your composition
is very good, except for some mistakes.作文和是两个概念。except that引句子。besides后接名或代，前常有other ，else 等，意思是“除??以外有” 。she
is from Beijing是一个句子，只有except that才能引从句。
例9. Don't be afraid of asking for help _____ it is needed.
A. unless
B. since
C. although
D. when
答案 D 。
【解析】考的用法及区。答案 D 容易和 B 混淆。里的when=if(如果、倘若)。根据句子的前后关系，是未生的事情，但由when引的/条件状从句中用一般在代替一般将来。而since( 既然 )引的是原因状从句，其
若是将来，不可用一般在代替。文：如果需要，就怕向人求助。
例10. They had a pleasant chat_________ a cup of coffee.
A. for
B. with
C. during
D. over
答案 D 。
【解析】考介搭配。to chat over a cup of coffee意思是喝咖啡聊天。for 和during 都有“在??期” 之意，但后通常加；with “随着，用”；over “在 (做 )??
期，?? ??”。
第三节巩固练习
Direction:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked
A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1.The doctor will be free _______.
A. 10 minutes later
B. after 10 minutes
after
C. in 10 minutes
D. 10 minutes
2.Did you have trouble ______the post office ?
A. to have found
B. with finding 3. We offered him our congratulations exams.
C. to find
______ his passing the
D. in finding
college entrance
A. at
B. on
C. for
D. of
4. If you keep on , you
A. in time ’ll succeed _______.
B. at one time
C. at the same time
D. on time
5.—How long has this bookshop been in business?
—______1982.
A. After
B. In
C. Form
D. Since
6.The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station ______5:40 pm. at the
latest.
A. until
B. after
C. by
D. around
7. Your performance in the driving test didn ’t reach the required standard; _______,
you failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the
same time
8. I don ’t think I ’ ll need any money but I ’ ll bring some _______.
A. at last
B. in case
C. once again
D. in time
9.______production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
10. Faced ______serious flooding , the victims got aid from all parts of the country.
A. with
B. by
C. to
D. about
11. It took them long to be accustomed ______the local food and customs.
A. to
B. of
C. in
D. for
12. Come and see me ______two or three _______.
A. for ?days
B. after ?days
C. in ?days ’ time
D. during ?day
time
13.For miles around me there was nothing but a desert , without a single plant or
tree ______.
A. in sight
B. on earth
C. at a distance
D. in
place
14. I wanted two seats ______Madame Curie for Friday night , so I rang the cinema to
see if I could book two tickets.
A. of
B. about
C. to
D. for
15. ______ most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late.
A. Like
B. As
C. For
D. To
16. Washington , a state in the US, was named _____one of the greatest American
presidents.
A. in honor of
B. instead of
C. in favor of
D. by
means of
17. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200 . This means it has
risen ______20 percent .
A. by
B. at
C. to
D. with
18. The suit fitted him well ______the color was a little brighter.
A. expect for
B. except that
C. except when
D. besides
19.—You seem to show interest in cooking .
—What ? ______, I’ m getting tired of it .
A. On the contrary
B. To the contrary
C. On the other hand
D. To
the other hand
20. The lady is not in the mood ______going on a sightseeing trip.
A. of
B. for
C. in
D. to
21. Beijing is an ancient capital ________ a history of 3000 years.
A. on
B. of
C. for
D. with
22. We need fifteen more people ______our team to do the job.
A. but
B. except
C. as well
D. besides
23. No one knew Mr. Benson ’ s address ______his daughter.
A. except
B. excepts
C. only
D. beside
24. I learned German when I was a child , but now I have forgotten everything
______a few words and expressions.
A. instead of
B. besides
C. except for
D. about
25. It was so hard for them to sail ______ the strong wind.
A. along
B. against
C. to
D. toward
26. Dr Robert went to New York , bought some books ______ his daughter.
A. visiting
B. to visit
C. and visited
D. visited
27.On the farm , the children always did the same work as grown-ups did ______ got
paid less.
A. and
B. as
C. if
D. though
28. I was having a beautiful dream _______someone knocked at the door.
A. when
B. as
C. while
D. since
29. Some are reading newspapers , ______others are playing chess.
A. or
B. so
C. for
D. while
30. We want ______high speed ______good quality.
A. both ?and
B. either ?or
C. neither ?nor
D. not ?but also
31.They have found many elements in the moon rocks which are round on earth ,
______they have not been able to find any sign of life.
A. and
B. or
C. then
D. but
32. He ______ his students went to visit the Great Wall.
A. as well
B. as well as
C. altogether
D. together with
33. Don ’ t stand by the gate , ______you come in ______you go out to play.
A. either ?or
B. neither ?nor
C. not only ?but also
D. not ?but
34. ______ does he do his own work well , ______ he helps others with their work.
A. Either ?or
B. Not only ?but also
C. Neither ?nor
D. Both ?and
35. Would you please fill ______the application from before we arrange an interview?
A. of
B. in
C. with
D. on
36. T ommy caught the school bus , ______.
A. and Jane did neither
B. but so did Jane
C. and Jane didn ’ t either
D. but Jane didn ’ t
37. I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.
A. first time
B. for the first time
C. the first time
D. by the first time
38. One more week , _____ we will accomplish the task.
A. or
B. so that
C. and
D. if
39. ______ everybody knows about it , I don ’t want to talk any more .
A. For
B. Even
C. Since
D. However
40. Excuse me for breaking in , ______I have some news for you .
A. so
B. and
C. but
D. yet
41. I know nothing about the young lady ______ she is from Beijing .
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D. besides
42.— Tea ______ coffee?
— Coffee ______no sugar , thank you .
A. or ?but
B. and ?but
C. or ?and
D. and ?and
43. If it doesn’ t fit you , bring it back______ we’ ll give you your money back.
A. but
B. because
C. since
D. and
44.The lady thought I was talking about her daughter , ______ , in fact , I was
talking about my daughter.
A. whom
B. where
C. which
D. while
高考英语-介词与介词短语-专题练习(五)有答案
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