外研版初中英语初三总复习名词的用法(知识讲解)

外研版初中英语初三总复习名词的用法(知识讲解)
外研版初中英语初三总复习名词的用法(知识讲解)

名词的用法

责编:

【真题再现】

1. —It’s said that a college student had a ______ to Tibet with 500 yuan for a month.

— How surprising! Once you have an idea to go somewhere, do it! (2014山西)

A. match

B. travel

C. change

2. — I am just going to the ______. Do you want anything?

— Yes, a bag of rice.(2014 沈阳)

A. market

B. classroom

C. library

D. park

3. — Nobody knows which team will win the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.(2014连云港)

— Yes. That is the ______ of the beautiful game.

A. question

B. luck

C. hope

D. magic

4. Mum, it’s so hot. Could I have some ______?(2014黑龙江龙东地区)

A. hamburgers

B. bread

C. ice-cream

5. Miss Black is a friend of ______, she always looks after my sister. (2014黑龙江龙东地区)

A. Mary’s mother’s

B. Mary’s mother’

C. Mary mother’s

6. Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our ______ in China. We’re proud ______ them. (2014黑龙江龙东地区)

A. women astronauts; of

B. woman astronauts; of

C. women astronauts; in

7. My teacher gave me much ________ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.( 2014菏泽)

A. advice

B. question

C. suggestion

D. problem

8. US First Lady Michelle Obama encouraged students to study abroad in her ________ when visiting Peking University on March 22, 2014. (2014镇江)

A. story

B. speech

C. letter

D. diary

9. There are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, no food or drinks is allowed inside.(2014温州)

A. jobs

B. records

C. rules

D. paintings

10.Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _______ in American _______.(2015广东) A.symbol,culture B. symbol,cultures C.symbols,culture D. symbols,cultures

11. In 1998, Liu Xiang’s ______ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping. (2015天津)

A. ability

B. trade

C. electricity

D. memory

12. Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we are all amazed at it. (2015青岛)

A. news

B. ideas

C. suggestion

D. answer

13.Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as ________ to keep healthy. (2015哈尔滨)

A.tomatoes and potatoes B.tomatos and potatos C.tomatos and potatoes

14. She says her favorite ________ is English. (2015成都)

A.color B.sport C.subject

15. Annie has a ________, and she is going to see her dentist today.(2015温州)

A. cold

B. fever

C. cough

D. toothache

16. Jeff will come to understand you one day. I t’s a matter of ________ . (2015厦门)

A. pleasure

B. value

C. time

17.Maori people in New Zealand touch _______ when they meet.(2015南宁)

A.trees B.noses C.caps D.desks

【答案与解析】

1. B。句意:——据说一名大学生用500元去西藏旅行了一个月。——多么令人吃惊啊!一旦你有去某个地方的想法,就行动吧!根据句意及设空处后的to可知答案为B项。

2. A。句意:——我正要去市场。你想要点什么吗?——是的,一袋大米。market市场;classroom教室;library图书馆;park公园。根据语境可知只有在市场上可能有卖大米的,其他三项均不合适,故选A。

3. D。句意:——没人知道哪一支球队会获得2014年巴西世界杯的冠军。——是的,那正是精彩赛事的魅力。question问题;luck运气;hope希望;magic魅力,魔力,神奇。根据句意故选D项。

4. C。本句意为:妈妈,太热了;我能吃点冰淇淋吗?A. hamburgers 汉堡;B. bread面包;C. ice-cream冰淇淋;由“hot”可知此处应该选C。

5. A。Black小姐是Mary妈妈的朋友,她总是看起来像我的姐姐。Mary’s是名词所有格形式,表示“Mary的”;mother’s是mother的名词所有格形式,表示“妈妈的”。故答案选A。

6. A。王亚平和刘洋是中国的女飞行员;我们为她们感到骄傲。woman的复数为women,其中be proud of是为……感到骄傲、自豪。故答案选A。

7. A。本句意为:当我有苦难的时候,我的老师在学习英语上给我很多建议。advice与suggestion是名词,都表示“建议、意见”的意思。两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词,而suggestion则是可数名词,根据题空前的much可知题空中填不可数名词,故答案选A。

8. B。句意:美国第一夫人Michelle Obama在2014年3月22日访问北京大学时在演讲中鼓励学生到国外学习。story故事;speech演讲;letter信;diary日记。根据句意可知B项是正确答案。

9. C。句意:代顿艺术博物馆有一些新规定,例如馆内禁止饮食。根据后面提示可知是规定。故选C项。

10. C。句意为:米老鼠是美国文化中最出名的标志之一。“one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……之一”。由此可知,第一空应该用复数。第二空指“美国文化”,应该用单数。故选C。

11. A。A项意为“能力”;B项意为“贸易”;C项意为“电”,D项意为“记忆”;根据题意,可知“能力”的含义更为贴切。故答案为A。

12. A。句意:昨天露西告诉我们如此好的消息以至于我们都惊呆了。选项A(news)是不可数名词,因此在good前面不能加不定冠词a,而且符合句意,故正确。选项B (ideas)与后面的it矛盾,故错误。选项C (suggestion)是可数名词,因此要在good前面加不定冠词a,故错误。选项D (answer)是可数名词,因此要在good前面加不定冠词a,而且与句意不符,故错误。

13. A。句意:对我们青少年来说健康是很重要的,所以为了保持健康我们应该多吃一些蔬菜,例如西红柿和土豆。tomato西红柿,它的复数形式为tomatoes;potato土豆,它的复数形式为potatoes。所以选A。

14. C。句意:她说她最喜欢的科目是英语。color颜色;sport运动;subject科目。故选C。

15. D。句意:安妮牙疼,今天她打算去看牙医。cold 作名词,感冒;fever发烧;cough 咳嗽;toothache牙疼。根据后面she is going to see her dentist today可知她是牙疼。故选D。

16. C。根据前句句意“Jeff迟早有一天会理解你”,可知这只是个时间问题,故选C。

17. B。tree意为“树”;nose意为“鼻子”;cap意为“帽子”;desk意为“桌子”。由选

项及常识可知,新西兰的毛利族人见面进行碰鼻礼。故选B。

【用法讲解】

1. 可数名词和不可数名词:

英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:

1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。

如:book-books;pen-pens;eraser-erasers

2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。

如:bus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches

3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。

如:baby-babies;country-countries;city-cities

注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。

如:boy-boys;toy-toys

4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。

如:wife-wives;leaf-leaves;knife-knives

5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。

如:photo-photos,radio-radios,piano-pianos,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。

如:man/woman-men/women;child-children;

foot-feet;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice

7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:

如:sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,yuan(元),jin (斤)

注意:

有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。当这些名词指代一个单位、机构

或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。常用的这类词有:

class 班级;team 队(员);family 家庭/人;government 政府;group 组(员)The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。(指家庭这个整体)

The family are all music lovers. 这一家人都是音乐爱好者。(指家庭中的成员)

Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. (指多个家庭)在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。

2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法

1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如:

The rich man has a lot of money.那个富人有很多钱。

There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。

Is there any water in the glass?杯子里有一些水吗?

I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.

我不喜欢冬天,因为有太多的冰和雪。

2)用a piece of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。

a piece of paper ; a piece of wood; a piece of bread

a bottle of orange ; a glass of water(milk); a cup of tea

如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。

two cups of tea; four pieces of paper; three glasses of water; three bags of rice

3. 名词所有格【:熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法。】

名词所有格是中考的重点。名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系,在句子中作定语。

1)表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式,单数名词的后面加“-’s”。

如:This is my father’s car. 这是我父亲的汽车。

2)表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“-’s”形式。

如:Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper?

今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗?

3)表示无生命的名词所有格要用of+名词的形式,有时也用于有生命的名词。

如:Look at the map of China, please. 请看这张中国地图。

I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl. 我知道这个女孩的名字。

注意:

1)用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时,只在最后一个名词的后面加“-’s”,

如:This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father. 这是李雷和李平的父亲。(两个人共同的父亲)

如果两个名词分别所有,则在两个名词的后面分别加“-’s”,

如:These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.

这些是李雷和李平的书。(两个人各自所有)

2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”;而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“-’s”。

如:It’s about ten minutes’walk from my home to my school.

从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。

Here is the Children’s Palace. 这里是少年宫。

3)双重所有格:

“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用双重所有格。

例如:Tom is a friend of my father’s. 汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。

I gave him two photos of mine. 我给了他我的两张照片。

初中英语名词用法概要

名词及其用法 一、单数与复数 1. 复数的构成 (1)名词由单数变为复数时,在一般情况下是在词尾加上-s。如: a desk 一张课桌→two desks 两张课桌one room 一个房间→some rooms 一些房间 (2)如果一个名词以s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾,那么其复数就是在加词尾-es。如:a boss 一位老板→many bosses 许多位老板 a fox 一只狐狸→a lot of foxes 许多狐狸this watch 这块手表→these watches 这些手表 (3) 如果一个名词以y结尾,则其复数构成要分两种情况: (3.1) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y 改为ies;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s。如: a family 一个家庭→many families 许多家庭one monkey 一只猴子→several monkeys 几只猴子 (3.2) 如果一个名词以字母o 结尾,则情况有点复杂,因为有些是加词尾-s构成复数,而有些则要加词尾-es构成复数,还有一些则加-s或-es都可以。如: a zoo 一个动物园→three zoos 三个动物园(3.3)在英语中,以字母o结尾的名词绝大部分其复数形式通过加词尾-s构成的,只有少数的要加词尾-es,其中比较常见的需要通过加词尾-es构成复数的名词有4个,它们是: tomato→tomatoes 西红柿potato→potatoes 土豆hero→heroes 英雄Negro→Negro 黑人 (4)英语中还有一些名词是以-f或-fe 结尾的,它们在变为复数时也有两种可能,即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把-f / -fe 改为-ves。在这些名词中,一些日常生活中的常用词通常是采用把-f / -fe 改为-ves 来变为复数,如:wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),shelf(架子),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)等。 2. 单复数同形 (1)英语中有些名词在由单数变为复数时,其形式与仍采用与单数一样的形式。比较常见的有:sheep 绵羊fish 鱼deer 鹿Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人aircraft 飞行器means 方法works 工厂 (2)其中fish这个词值得特别注意,它的复数形式通常与单数同形。如:There are plenty of fish in the sea. 海里有许多鱼。 (2.1)句中的fish虽在形式上为单数,但其用法为复数。不过,人们有时也用fishes来表示复数。如:We caught three little fishes. 我们抓到三条小鱼。 (2.2)另外,fishes还可表示不同种类的鱼。如:There were fishes of many sizes. 有各种大小的鱼。

人教版初中英语知识点梳理

一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志,表示 正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 2. 一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 19等82。 Where did you go just now? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth 到" ……时间了" "该……了" It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" It is time for you to go to bed 你. 该睡觉了。 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如: Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much. 初中英语知识点总结

外研版初中英语知识点汇总

外研社英语七年级上册英语知识点 MODULE 1 一、同义句 1.My name's Daming. = I'm Daming. 2.I'm from England. = I come from England. 3.Are you a new student ?≈ Are you new? 4.Nice to meet you. = Nice to see you. =Glade to meet you. = Glade to see you. 5.What's your name ?= May I have your name ? 二、特殊疑问句 —What's your name ? —How old are you? = Can you tell me your age? —My name is .... = What's your age? —I'm twelve years old. —Where are you from? —What class are you in? —I'm from... —I'm in Class One, Grade One. 三、单词短语 1.practise + ding sth. 2.with &and A and B go to the bank. A with B goes to the bank. 四、形容性物主代词 I--my you--your he--his she--her it--its we--our you--your they —them MODULE 2 一、单词 职业:doctor manager secretary worker teacher 工作地点:factory hospital hotel office school university 二、短语 a photo\picture of my family 三、语法(can) Can do sth. I can\can't ride a bike. Can you ride a bike? Yes, I can.\No, I can't. 四、句子 What does your ... do?=What is\are you ...'s job?=What is your ...? He\She is a ... They're ... 重难点: 1. play 与不同的名词搭配时所表达的意思是不同的,play 与球类搭配时是不需要加定冠词the ,如:play football ,basketball ,volleyball and so on.Play 与乐器搭配时是需要加定冠词the ,如:play the piano ,the guitar and so on. 2. 固定搭配:ride a bike/horse,speak English/Japanese/Chinese,sing a song,swim. 3. 不定冠词a 与an 的用法 4. 语法知识:Can 的用法 Can do sth Can+主语+do sth ? Yes ,主语+can./No ,主语+can ’t. I can ’t do sth. 5. What does your ... do?=What is\are you ...'s job?=What is your ...? He\She is a ... They're ... MODULE 3 play basketball football tennis table tennis the piano ride a bike\horse speak English\Japanese\Chinese sing (a song) swim a university an office two factories cities universities secretaries

初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习

初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习 【考点讲解】 一、名词的分类 二、可数名词与不可数名词 (一) 可数名词 名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 单数变复数的规则

【注】 ① 常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下几个:hero, tomato, potato ,可记为 “英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆”。剩余以o 为结尾的加s :如photo, zoo, piano 等 ② 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下: 小偷的妻子用刀把狼劈成两半,一半放在书架上,一半放在树叶上 2. 不规则复数形式 (1) 元音或词尾发生变化:child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse- policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________ Englishman- (2) 单复数形式相同: (3) 形式为复数,意思为复数:people ,police (4) 形式为复数,意思为单数:news, maths, physics (5) 只能用复数形式:trousers, shoes, glasses ……

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