宏观经济学复习指南

宏观经济学复习指南
宏观经济学复习指南

红河学院2009-2010学年秋季学期

《宏观经济学》期末考复习指南

一、选择题 (每小题 1 分)

1.Real GDP

a. evaluates current production at current prices.在目前的价格评估目前的产量。

b. evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year in

the past.评估的价格,在一些特定的一年,在过去流行现有生产。

c. is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change from year

to year.是不是经济表现有效的措施,因为价格从一年来的变化。

d. is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services是不

是经济表现有效的措施,因为价格从一年来的变化。.

2.The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order:在计算居民消费价格指数所涉及的步骤包括,以便:

a. choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket's

cost, and compute the index.在计算居民消费价格指数所涉及的步骤包括,以便:

b. choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, and

compute the index.在计算居民消费价格指数所涉及的步骤包括,以便:

c. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year and

compute the index.固定篮子,觉得价格,计算篮子的成本,选择一个基准年和计算指数。

d. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year and

compute the index.固定篮子,觉得价格,通货膨胀率计算,选择和计算基准年的指标。

3.Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt rises from $8 to $10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buy假设从1美元到1.25美元的价格的T -恤衫,从8美元上升了一夸脱牛奶的价格上涨到10美元。如果消费物价指数上升将可能购买150至175人

a. more milk and more T-shirts.更多的牛奶和更多的T恤衫。

b. more milk and fewer T-shirts.

c. less milk and more T-shirts.

d. less milk and fewer T-shirts.

4.Which of the following is correct?

a. Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones that

had the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago.

b. Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth rates

during the past 100 years.

c. The ranking of countries by income changes substantially over time.

d. Over the last 100 years, Japan had the highest real GDP growth rate, and now has

the highest real GDP per person.

5.Using the production function and notation in the text, K/L measures

a. natural resources per worker.

b. human capital per worker.

c. output per worker.

d. physical capital per worker.以下4.Which是正确的?

字母a.与过去100年来的最高增长速度的国家是那些有实际国内生产总值100年前的最高水平。

湾大多数国家有大约的平均增长率在过去100年小的波动。

角按收入变化的国家排名大幅随着时间的推移。

d.在过去的100年,日本实际国内生产总值最高的增长率,现在已经是最高的人均实际国内生产总值。

5使用的文字,钾/ L的生产函数和符号措施

字母a.每个工人的自然资源。

湾每个工人的人力资本。

角人均产出。

d.每个工人的实物资本。

6.Index基金

字母a.通常对更积极管理型基金相同的回报率。

湾通常比更加积极管理型基金的回报率较低。

角包含从一个单一的标准指数的行业分类的股票和债券。

d.通常比更加积极管理型基金的回报率更高。

7.In结束8.At利息率是一百六十二点二四美元两年,由今日相当于150美元的现值呢?

字母a.百分之四

湾百分之五

角百分之六

d.以上都不是正确的最近的一分钱。

以下9.Which是不正确的?

字母a.摩擦性失业是不可避免的经济充满活力。

湾虽然由部门转变造成的失业是不幸的,导致从长远来看这种变化对提高生产力和提高人民生活水平。

角至少有10个美国制造业就业机会百分之每年被摧毁。

d.在一个典型的一个月超过百分之五工人离开工作岗位。

6.Index funds

a. typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.

b. typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.

c. contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of

industry.

d. typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.

7.In a closed economy, national saving equals

a. investment.

b. income minus the sum of consumption and government expenditures.

c. private saving plus public saving.

d. All of the above are correct.

8.At which interest rate is the present value of $162.24 two years from today equal to $150 today?

a. 4 percent

b. 5 percent

c. 6 percent

d. None of the above are correct to the nearest penny.

9.Which of the following is incorrect?

a. Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a dynamic economy.

b. Although the unemployment created by sectoral shifts is unfortunate, in the long

run such changes lead to higher productivity and higher living standards.

c. At least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.

d. In a typical month more than 5 percent of workers leave their jobs.

10.Use the balance sheet资产负债表,决算表,平衡表for the following question.

Last Bank of Cedar Bend

Assets Liabilities

Reserves $25,000 Deposits $150,000

Loans $125,000

If the reserve requirement is 10 percent, this bank如果储备的要求是百分之十,这一禁令

a. is in a position to make a new loan of $15,000.

b. has less reserves than required.

c. has excess reserves of less than $15,000.

d. None of the above are correct.

11.Which of the following lists ranks the Fed's monetary policy tools from most to least frequently used?

a. discount rate changes, reserve requirement changes, open market transactions

b. reserve requirement changes, open market transactions, discount rate changes

c. open market transactions, discount rate changes, reserve requirement changes

d. None of the above lists ranks the tools correctly.

12.A decrease in the money supply creates an excess

a. supply of money that is eliminated by rising prices.

b. supply of money that is eliminated by falling prices.

c. demand for money that is eliminated by rising prices.

d. demand for money that is eliminated by falling prices.

13.Given a nominal interest rate of 6 percent, in which case would you earn the lowest after-tax real rate of interest?

a. Inflation is 4 percent; the tax rate is 25 percent.

b. Inflation is 3 percent; the tax rate is 20 percent.

c. Inflation is 2 percent; the tax rate is 15 percent.

d. The after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the abov

e.

14.In recent years, U.S. net capital outflow was

a. positive and net exports were negative.

b. positive and net exports were positive.

c. negative and net exports were negative.

d. negative and net exports were positiv

e.

15.If a country has business opportunities that are relatively attractive to other countries, we would expect it to have

a. both positive net exports and positive net capital outflow.

b. both negative net exports and negative net capital outflow.

c. positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.

d. negative net exports and positive net capital outflow.

16.On behalf of your firm, you make frequent trips to Hong Kong. You notice that you always have to pay more dollars to get enough local currency to get your hair styled than you have to pay to get your hair styled in the United States. This is

a. inconsistent with purchasing-power parity, but might be explained by limited

opportunities for arbitrage in hairstyling across international borders.

b. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising more

rapidly than prices in the United States.

c. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising less

rapidly than prices in the United States.

d. None of the above is correct.

17.Ceteris paribus, if the Canadian real interest rate were to increase, Canadian net capital outflow

a. and net capital outflow of other countries would rise.

b. and net capital outflow of other countries would fall.

c. would rise, while net capital outflow of other countries would fall.

d. would fall, while net capital outflow of other countries would ris

e.

18.If a government increases its budget deficit, then the real exchange rate

a. and domestic investment rise.

b. and domestic investment fall.

c. rises and domestic investment falls.

d. falls and domestic investment rises.

19.Which of the following is the correct way to show the effects of a new import quota?

a. shift the demand for loanable funds right, the supply of dollars for foreign

exchange right, and the demand for dollars left

b. shift the demand for loanable funds right, and the supply of dollars for foreign

exchange left

c. shift the demand for dollars for foreign exchange left

d. None of the above is correct.

20.A large and sudden movement of funds out of a country is called

a. arbitrage.

b. capital flight.

c. crowding out.

d. capital mobility.

21.Aggregate demand shifts right when the government

a. raises personal income taxes.

b. increases the money supply.

c. repeals an investment tax credit.

d. All of the above are correct.

22.If people want to save more for retirement

a. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts right.

b. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts left.

c. aggregate demand shifts right. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demand

shifts left.

d. aggregate demand shifts left. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demand

shifts right.

23.n the mid-1970s the price of oil rose dramatically. This

a. shifted aggregate supply left.

b. caused U.S. prices to fall.

c. was the consequence of OPEC increasing oil production.

d. All of the above are correct.

24.Liquidity refers to

a. the relation between the price and interest rate of an asset.

b. the risk of an asset relative to its selling price.

c. the ease with which an asset is converted into a medium of exchange.

d. the sensitivity of investment spending to changes in the interest rat

e.

25.When the interest rate increases, the opportunity cost of holding money

a. increases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.

b. increases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.

c. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.

d. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.

26.Which of the following properly describes the interest rate effect?

a. As the money supply increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.

b. As the money supply increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.

c. As the price level increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.

d. As the price level increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.

27.An increase in government spending initially and primarily shifts

a. aggregate demand right.

b. aggregate demand left.

c. aggregate supply right.

d. neither aggregate demand nor aggregate supply.

28.The reduction in demand that results when a fiscal expansion raises the interest rate is called the

a. multiplier effect.

b. crowding-out effect.

c. accelerator effect.

d. Riccardian equivalence effect.

29.One determinant of the natural rate of unemployment is the

a. rate of growth of the money supply.

b. minimum wage rate.

c. expected inflation rate.

d. All of the above are correct.

30.An increase in the expected rate of inflation shifts

a. only the short-run Phillips curve right.

b. only the short-run Phillips curve left.

c. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the right.

d. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the left.

31.Suppose GDP consists of wheat and rice. In 2002, 20 bushels of wheat are sold at $4 per bushel, and 10 bushels of rice are sold at $2 per bushel. If the price of wheat was $2 per bushel and the price of rice was $1 per bushel in 2001, the base year, nominal 2002 GDP is

a. $100, real 2002 GDP is $50, and the GDP deflator is 50.

b. $50, real 2002 GDP is $100, and the GDP deflator is 200.

c. $100, real 2002 GDP is $50, and the GDP deflator is 200.

d. $40, real 2002 GDP is $100, and the GDP deflator is 50.

32.The CPI is a measure of the overall cost of

a. inputs purchased by a typical producer.

b. goods and services bought by a typical consumer.

c. goods and services produced in the economy.

d. stocks on the New York Stock Exchang

e.

33.The price of imported athletic shoes produced by a U.S. company operating in Thailand increases. By itself what effect will this change have on the GDP deflator

and on the CPI?

a. The GDP deflator and the CPI will both increase.

b. The GDP deflator will increase and the CPI will be unaffected.

c. The GDP deflator and the CPI will both be unaffecte

d.

d. The GDP deflator will be unaffected and the CPI will increas

e.

34.Which of the following is a part of your Economics professor's human capital?

a. the things she learned at some prestigious university

b. her copy of Mankiw's text

c. her chalk holder

d. All of the above are correct.

35.Which of the following is consistent with the catch-up effect?

a. The United States had a higher growth rate before 1900 than after.

b. After World War II the United States had lower growth rates than war-ravaged

European countries.

c. Although the United States has a relatively high level of output per person, its

growth rate is rather modest compared to some countries.

d. All of the above are correct.

36.Which of the following is correct?

a. Stocks, bonds, and deposits are all similar in that each provides a medium of

exchange

b. Banks lend mostly to large and familiar companies rather than smaller local firms.

c. Banks charge borrowers a slightly lower interest rate than they pay to depositors.

d. None of the above are correct.

37.Index funds

a. typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.

b. typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.

c. contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of

industry.

d. typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.

38.Three people go to the bank to cash in their accounts. April had her money in an account for 25 years at 4 percent interest. Ben had his money in an account for 20

years at 5 percent interest. Cathy had her money in an account for five years at 20 percent interest. If each of them originally deposited $500 in their accounts, which of them gets the most money when they cash in their accounts?

a. April

b. Ben

c. Cathy

d. They each get the same amount.

39.The reported unemployment rate should be viewed as

a. a useful but imperfect measure of joblessness.

b. clearly smaller than the true unemployment rate.

c. clearly larger than the true unemployment rate.

d. being very close to the true unemployment rat

e.

40.Commodity money is

a. backed by gold.

b. the principal type of money in use today.

c. money with intrinsic value.

d. receipts created in international trade that are used as a medium of exchang

e.

41.Which list contains only actions that decrease the money supply?

a. raise the discount rate, make open market purchases

b. raise the discount rate, make open market sales

c. lower the discount rate, make open market purchases

d. lower the discount rate, make open market sales

42.According to the classical dichotomy, which of the following is influenced by monetary factors?

a. the real wage

b. the real interest rate

c. the nominal wage

d. All of the above are correct.

43.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. Inflation reduces the purchasing power of most workers.

b. Given the current U.S. tax structure, inflation reduces the incentive to save.

c. The inflation tax causes deadweight loss because people waste scarce resources

trying to avoid it.

d. Countries with high rates of inflation usually also have volatile rates of inflation.

44.A German company sells cameras to a retailer in the United States. These sales by themselves

a. have no affect on U.S. net exports and increase German net exports.

b. decrease U.S. net exports and increase German net exports.

c. increase U.S. and German net exports.

d. increase U.S. net exports and decrease German net exports.

45.If the nominal exchange rate e is foreign currency per dollar, the domestic price is P, and the foreign price is P*, the real exchange rate is defined as

a. e(P*/P).

b. e(P/P*).

c. e + P/P.

d. e - P/P*.

46.When a country's central bank increases the money supply, its

a. price level rises and its currency appreciates relative to other currencies in the

world.

b. price level rises and its currency depreciates relative to other currencies in the

world.

c. price level falls and its currency appreciates relative to other currencies in the

world.

d. price level falls and its currency depreciates relative to other currencies in the

world.

47.In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if a country's interest rate increases, its net capital outflow

a. and the real exchange rate increase.

b. and the real exchange rate decrease.

c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.

d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.

48.If the government started with a budget deficit and moved to a surplus, domestic investment would

a. rise and the trade balance would move towards surplus.

b. rise and the trade balance would move towards deficit.

c. fall and the trade balance would move towards surplus.

d. fall and the trade balance would move towards deficit.

49.If the United States imposes an import quota on clothing, U.S. exports

a. increase, U.S. imports increase, and U.S. net exports are unchanged.

b. increase, U.S. imports decrease, and U.S. net exports increase.

c. decrease, U.S. imports increase, and U.S. net exports decrease.

d. decrease, U.S. imports decrease, and U.S. net exports are unchanged.

50.In 1995 House Speaker Newt Gingrich threatened to send the United States into default on its debt. During the day of this announcement, U.S. interest rates rose and the real exchange rate of the U.S. dollar depreciated. Which of these changes is consistent

with the results of the open-economy macroeconomic model?

a. the increase in U.S. interest rates

b. the depreciation of the real exchange rate of the U.S. dollar

c. Both of the above are consistent.

d. Neither of the above are consistent.

51.A rise in the economy's overall level of prices tends to

a. raise both the quantity demanded and supplied of goods and services.

b. raise the quantity demanded of goods and services, but lower the quantity

supplied.

c. lower the quantity demanded of goods and services, but raise the quantity

supplied.

d. lower both the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied of goods and

services.

52.When taxes increase, consumption decreases as shown by

a. a movement to the left along a given aggregate demand curve.

b. shifting aggregate demand to the left.

c. shifting aggregate supply the left.

d. which does none of the abov

e.

53.Which of the following would cause prices and real GDP to rise in the short run?

a. an increase in the expected price level

b. an increase in the money supply

c. a decrease in the capital stock

d. None of the above is correct.

54.Which of the following shifts money demand to the left?

a. an increase in the price level

b. a decrease in the price level

c. an increase in the interest rate

d. a decrease in the interest rate

55.According to liquidity preference theory if the price level increases, the equilibrium interest rate

a. rises so that the aggregate quantity of goods demand rises.

b. rises so that the aggregate quantity of goods demanded falls.

c. falls so that the aggregate quantity of goods demanded rises.

d. falls so that the aggregate quantity of goods demanded falls.

56.In the long run, fiscal policy primarily affects

a. aggregate demand. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregate supply.

b. aggregate supply. In the short run, it affects primarily saving, investment, and

growth

c. saving, investment, and growth. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregate

demand.

d. saving, investment, and growth. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregate

supply.

57.If the MPC is 0, the multiplier is

a. 0.

b. 1.

c. infinite.

d. None of the above is correct.

58.The economy is in long-run equilibrium. Immigration of skilled workers shifts the long-run aggregate supply curve $60 billion to the right. At the same time,

government purchases increase by $30 billion. If the MPC equals 0.8 and the

crowding-out effect is $90 billion, we would expect that in the long-run,

a. both real GDP and the price level would be higher.

b. both real GDP and the price level would be lower.

c. real GDP would be higher but the price level would be lower.

d. real GDP would be higher but the price level would be the sam

e.

59.Over the last ten years Canada and many European countries have had higher average unemployment rates than the United States. This suggests that these countries

a. have higher average inflation rates than the United States.

b. have long-run Phillips curves to the right of the United States's.

c. may have less generous unemployment compensation or lower minimum wages.

d. All of the above are consistent with the evidence on unemployment rates.

60.A favorable supply shock will cause the short-run Phillips curve to shift

a. right and unemployment to rise.

b. right and unemployment to fall.

c. left and unemployment to rise.

d. left and unemployment to fall.

61.The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increased

a. by 6.4 percent for the year.

b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.

c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.

d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.

62.A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflator

a. and the CPI both increase.

b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.

c. increases and the CPI is unchange

d.

d. and the CPI are unchanged.

63.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by

a. more than 1 percent.

b. less than 1 percent.

c. 1 percent.

d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.

64.A nation's standard of living is measured by its

a. real GDP.

b. real GDP per person.

c. nominal GDP.

d. nominal GDP per person.

65.In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S. steel industry.

a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on

growth.

b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects on

growth.

c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on

growth.

d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects

on growth.

66.Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about the

a. real interest rate.

b. current nominal interest rate.

c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.

d. equilibrium nominal interest rat

e.

67.An increase in the budget deficit

a. makes investment spending fall.

b. makes investment spending rise.

c. does not affect investment spending.

d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.

68.Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?

a. 3 percent

b. 3.5 percent

c. 4 percent

d. 4.5 percent

69.Recent entrants into the labor force account for about

a. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with

people leaving the labor force.

b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with

people leaving the labor force.

c. 1/4 of those who are unemploye

d. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with

people leaving the labor force.

d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with

people leaving the labor force

70.Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?

a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, https://www.360docs.net/doc/f8698404.html,, in dollars.

b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.

c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.

d. None of the above is correct.

71.Current U.S. currency is

a. fiat money with intrinsic value.

b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.

c. commodity money with intrinsic value.

d. commodity money with no intrinsic valu

e.

72.Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?

a. 20 percent

b. 4.35 percent

c. 2.17 percent

d. There is not enough information to answer the question.

73.Shoeleather costs refer to

a. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.

b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices due to inflation.

c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.

d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust for inflation.

74.International trade

a. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.

b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.

c. leaves the standard of living unchange

d.

d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.

75.Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?

a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.

b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.

c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.

d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.

76.A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transaction

a. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.

b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.

c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.

d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.

77.At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity of

a. net capital outflow.

b. domestic investment.

c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.

d. foreign currency supplied.

78.In an open economy,

a. net capital outflow = imports.

b. net capital outflow = net exports.

c. net capital outflow = exports.

d. None of the above is correct.

79.In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes from

a. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.

b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.

c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.

d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.

80.If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest rates

a. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.

b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.

c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.

d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.

81.Investment spending decreases when the price level

a. rises causing interest rates to rise.

b. rises causing interest rates to fall.

c. falls causing interest rates to rise.

d. falls causing interest rates to fall.

82.An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created by

a. an increase in the money supply.

b. an increase in government expenditures.

c. a fall in stock prices.

d. bad weather in farm states.

83.Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?

a. consumption

b. government expenditures

c. investment

d. net exports

84.According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate are

a. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.

b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.

c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inversely relate

d.

d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positively related.

85.Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?

a. an increase in the price level

b. an increase in the money supply

c. a decrease in the price level

d. a decrease in the money supply

86.If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supply

a. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.

b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.

c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.

d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.

87.Some economists argue that

a. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.

b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.

c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.

d. All of the above are correct.

88.The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly to

a. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.

b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining

monetary policy.

c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.

d. All of the above are correct.

89.A. W. Phillips' findings were based on data

a. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.

b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.

c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.

d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.

90.Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?

a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.

b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.

c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.

d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.

91.In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.

a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.

b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal

variations are made.

c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjuste

d.

d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.

92.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by

a. more than 1 percent.

b. less than 1 percent.

c. 1 percent.

d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.

93.If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase by

a. more than 2 percent.

b. 2 percent.

c. less than 2 percent.

d. All of the above are correct.

94.The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to

a. constant returns.

b. increasing returns.

c. diminishing returns.

d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of

capital.

95.Which of the following is correct?

a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.

b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in

school has not worked very well in practice.

c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic

growth.

d. All of the above are correct.

96.Use the following table to answer the following question.

Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place.

What was the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?

a. $912,840,000

b. $91,284,000

c. $9,128,400

d. $912,840

97.Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and national saving?

a. 1500, 1000, 500

b. 1000, 500, 1500

c. 500, 1500, 1000

d. None of the above are correct.

98.Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a long period of time, we would expect that

a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person.

b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.

c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk

averse person.

d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk

averse person.

99.The natural rate of unemployment is the

a. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.

b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.

c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.

d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.

100.Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves are

a.$5.

b. $50.

c.$95.

d. $950.

101.Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio of

a. 5 percent

b. 9.5 percent

c. 10 percent

d. None of the above is correct.

102.The inflation tax

a. transfers wealth from the government to households.

b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.

c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.

d. All of the above are correct.

103.In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price level

a. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.

b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.

c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.

d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.

104.Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this sale

a. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.

b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.

c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.

d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.

105.Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?

a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollar

b. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goods

c. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goods

d. All of the above are correct.

106.Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.

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Macroeconomics (Sixth Edition) N.Gregory Mankiw 第一篇 导言 第一章 宏观经济学的科学 1.宏观经济学是对整体经济-----包括收入的增长、价格的变动和失业率的研究。 三个重要指标:实际国内生产总值、通货膨胀率、失业率。 2.模型 (1)内生变量是一个模型要解释的变量,外生变量是一个模型接受为给定的变量,模型说明外生变量的变动如何影响内生变量。 (2)举例:供求关系模型(比萨饼市场模型) Q d =D(P,Y) Q s =S(P,P m ) Q d =Q s (P :比萨饼的价格;Y :总收入;P m :原材料价格) 这个比萨饼市场模型有两个外生变量和两个内生变量。 例如:总收入增加,需求曲线向右移动,比萨饼的需求增加,均衡价格和均 衡数量都上升;原材料价格上升,供给曲线向左移动,比萨饼的供给减少,均衡价格上升,均衡数量减少。因此,该模型说明了总收入或原材料价格的变动是如何影响比萨饼市场的价格和数量的。 (3)模型的建立:没有一个模型能回答所有的问题。一个模型仅仅是建立在假设基础上,且一个适用于某种目的的假设对其它的目的可能是误导。 对于不同的目的,我们应该建立不同的模型,而且要略去无关细节而集中于 必要的联系上。所有的模型都会许多简化的假设。 比如,如果我们的目的是解释奶酪的价格如何影响比萨饼的平均价格和销售 量,那么多种比萨饼价格也许就是无关紧要的,简单的比萨饼市场模型可以很好地解决这个问题;但是我们的目的是解释为什么有三个比萨饼店的城镇的比萨饼比萨饼的价格,P 比萨饼的数量,Q 均衡价格 均衡数量

价格比只有一个比萨饼店的城镇低,那么上述模型的作用就很小了。 需求的移动 供给的移动 3.价格:伸缩性与黏性 4.微观经济思考与宏观经济模型 由于总量只是描述许多个别决策的变量的总和,所以宏观经济理论是建立在 微观经济基础之上的。 尽管微观经济决策,是构成所有经济模型的基础,但在许多模型中,家庭和 企业最优化行为是隐性的,而不是显性的。比萨饼市场模型就是一个例子。家庭比萨饼的价格,P 比萨饼的数量,Q P 2 P 1 Q 1 Q 2 比萨饼的价格,P 比萨饼的数量,Q Q 2 Q 1 P 2 P 1

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曼昆宏观经济学笔记重点上课讲义

曼昆宏观经济学笔记 重点

第23章 一国收入的衡量—GDP 微观经济学(microeconomics)研究个别家庭和企业如何做出决策,以及它们如何在市场上相互交易。宏观经济学(macroeconomics)研究整个经济,包括通货膨胀、失业率和经济增长。 一 GDP 1 定义:国内生产总值 (gross domestic product , GDP) 是在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物 品与劳务的市场价值。 2 组成:GDP (用Y 代表)被分为四个组成部分:消费(C )、投资(I )、政府购买(G )、净出口(NX ): Y = C + I + G + NX 3 实际GDP 与名义GDP :实际GDP=名义GDP-通货膨胀率,衡量的是生产的变动,而不是物价的变动。 4 GDP 平减指数: 100?=GDP GDP GDP 实际名义平减指数,是经济学家用来检测经济平均物价水平,从而监测 通货膨胀率的一个重要指标。 (GDP deflator ) 5 GDP 与经济福利: ? 由于GDP 用市场价格来评价物品与劳务,它就没有把几乎所有在市场之外进行的活动的价值包 括进来,特别是,GDP 漏掉了在家庭中生产的物品与劳务的价值。 ? GDP 没有包括的另一种东西是环境质量。 ? GDP 也没有涉及收入分配。 二 衡量收入的其他指标: ? 国民生产总值(GNP):是一国永久居民(称为国民)所赚到的总收入。它与GDP 的不同之处在于:它包括本国公民在国外赚到的收入,而不包括外国人在本国赚到的收入。 ? 国民生产净值(NNP):是一国居民的总收入(GNP)减折旧的消耗。 ? 国民收入、个人收入、个人可支配收入 第24章 生活费用的衡量—CPI 一 CPI 1 定义:消费物价指数 (consumer price index ,CPI) 是普通消费者所购买的物品与劳务的总费用的衡量 标准 2 计算:定义篮子 → 找出价格 → 计算费用 → 选择基年并计算指数 → 计算通货膨胀率 消费者物价指数=基年一篮子的价格 格一篮子物品与劳务的价*100 1001122?-=CPI CPI CPI 年底年第年第年的通货膨胀率第 3 衡量生活费用过程中存在的问题 替代倾向 新产品的引进 无法衡量的质量变动。 4 GDP 平减指数与消费者物价指数 差别1:GDP 平减指数反映了国内生产的所有物品与劳务的价格,而消费物价指数反交映了消费者购 买的所有物品与劳务的价格。 差别2:消费者物价指数是固定的一篮子,只是偶尔变动;而GDP deflator 则是现期价格,随时间变 化而不断变化。

完整高鸿业宏观经济学复习提纲

《宏观经济学》复习提纲 一、宏观经济学基本框架 宏观经济学:社会(一个国家、地区)总体经济运行及其后果核心问题:经济波动与就业、价格与通胀、经济增长与发展

页1页,第10共. 二、各章知识点分析 第12章国民收入核算 一、了解与识记 1、宏观经济学研究对象和研究方法:即均衡国民收入理论和总量分析方法 2、GDP的内涵,(知道什么项目计入GDP,GDP与GNP的关系,实际GDP与名义GDP的关系) 3、核算国民收入的三种方法(支出法、收入法、增殖法需要了解) 4、中间产品与最终产品区别 5、GDP折算数 二、理解与分析 1、国民收入各个核算指标之间的关系 第13章简单国民收入核算理论 一、了解与识记 1、简单国民收入决定理论的含义及简章经济的假设条件 2、均衡产出的含义及条件 3、凯恩斯的绝对收入消费理论(理解与分析消费函数与储蓄函数的关系) 4、其他消费理论 二、理解与分析 1、两部门、三部门、四部门(略)国民收入的决定及变动(重点) 2、两部门、三部门、四部门(略)的各个乘数(重点) 第14章产品市场和货币市场的一般均衡(重点章节) 一、了解与识记

1、经济学投资的概念、投资函数、投资的影响因素 2、IS曲线的含义 3、货币需求函数、交易需求及投机需求 4、凯恩斯陷阱、古典极端 5、LM曲线的含义 6、货币的供给(名义供给与实际供给) 二、理解与分析 1、两部门、三部门IS曲线(方程)及其移动(IS曲线的推导——图形分析) 2、均衡利率的决定及其变动(LM曲线的推导——图形分析) 3、产品市场和货币市场一般均衡及均衡的变动 4、失衡的区域及失衡的恢复 第15章宏观经济政策分析(重点章节) 页2页,第10共. 一、了解与识记 1、财政政策和货币政策的影响 二、理解与分析 1、财政政策效果的IS-LM图形分析(一般情形、极端情形) 2、货币政策效果的IS-LM图形分析(一般情形、极端情形) 3、挤出效应的内涵、图形分析、影响因素。 4、两种政策混合使用的政策效应 第16章宏观经济政策实践(重点章节) 一、了解与识记 1、自然失业率(结合第18章充分理解) 2、财政政策、政策工具(哪些是扩张性的,哪些是紧缩性的?)、局限性 3、财政政策和货币政策实施的总原则是什么?——“逆经济风向行事” 4、证券市场基础知识(证券价格决定,买空(多头),卖空(空头),一级市场,二级市场,主板市场,二板市场)(可以略看) 二、理解与分析 1、经济政策的目标及相互关系 目标:经济持续均衡增长、充分就业、价格稳定、国际收支平衡 关系:四个目标是矛盾统一的。矛盾:(依据菲利普斯曲线),充分就业与价格稳定不能同时实现;统一:经济增长与充分就业是一个统一体,(根据奥肯定律)降低失业率有利于经济增长。 2、什么是自动稳定器,如何发挥作用? 3、什么是货币政策,货币政策工具有哪些?局限性是什么? 4、利用货币创造乘数的计算。 5、期货交易和期权交易的区别(了解) 第17章总需求—总供给模型 一、了解与识记 1、总需求的含义及构成

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