2020年高考英语二轮复习完形填空--考纲导读、解题技巧及命题趋势(含答案解析)
第一讲完形填空--考纲导读、解题技巧及命题趋势
【考纲导读】
完形填空不仅要求考生具有扎实的英语基础知识，还要具备较高的综合理解和语言运用能力。文章体裁主要包括：
1.记叙文；
2.夹叙夹议；
3.议论文；
4.说明文。
【考情回顾】
近几年高考全国卷完形填空考查情况如下：
近五年高考课标Ⅱ卷的完形填空全部选用记叙文体裁。
近五年高考课标Ⅱ卷的完形填空以“
人与社会”、“人与自我”
为主题语境，未曾考查“人与自然”的主题语境。
文章往往蕴涵深刻哲理，耐人寻味，富有教育意义，选材贴近现实生活。 近五年高考课标Ⅱ卷的完形填空维持在
230至300词之间。 考点设置以实词为主，其中对动词、名词以及形容词的考查数量最多。 未来高考完形填空会继续使用记叙文，文章长度有略有增加的趋势。文章选材较为广泛，但会为中学生所熟悉的内容，能传递出“正能量”，对学生的人生观、价值观的建立有指导作用，“人与社会”、“人与自我”仍然是重点主题语境。考点设置仍然坚持以实词为主、虚词为辅的原则，但词汇的考查面会逐渐增宽，选项设置也会更具有干扰性，设空与语境的联系会更加紧密。
(1) 通读全文，把握主旨。
在速读全文的过程中要重视首句、首段的信息，注意找出文章的关键词、中心词、画出某些代表人物和情节的词句，理清“情节线”和“情感线”，形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。 (2) 上下求索，先易后难。
完形填空设题通常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次，做题时先易后难，遇到没有把握的题目时，可暂时跳过空格，顺着原来的思路推进，等到大部分空格选出答案后，借助已补全的信息，回头扫除“最牛钉子户”。
(3)复读全文，微调答案。
做完题后，把填好的短文通读一遍，看看有没有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突，必要时加以改正。
第一步通览全文明大意
做完形填空题时，考生应根据首句给出的提示，借助文中的关键词，全面理解文章大意。快速通读全文，理清脉络，抓住主线，做到全局在握是正确解答完形填空题的首要前提。
第二步先易后难逐级填
前置性设空题——边读边填
根据第一遍浏览时的印象，分清空格属于哪种设题类型，在碰到前置性设空题时，可以边读边结合已经掌握的信息做出选择，如有必要，可再回读相关句子。
后置性设空题——往后看看
碰到后置性设空题时，先放下该空，采用跳读的方法，继续阅读相关语段，甚至整个语篇，查找相关信息点，然后细读，准确理解句意，选择符合语境的答案。
语篇性设空题——最后决断
对于语篇性设空题，根据难度又可分为一般、中等、较难三个层级一般难度的可依据相邻句子的一个意群作答；中等难度的需依据一段或几段的信息作答；较难的需综合全篇信息作答。所以，语篇性设空题考查的是综合逻辑分析能力。考生在做这类题目时，不要先急于作答，一定要等到信息足够明了，放到最后再作判断。
第三步复核验证读全篇
填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很别扭的地方，可以从语法、词义、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
1.利用文章首句，明确文章主旨大意
典例1（2016·全国卷Ⅱ）
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant______ Miller King, who was the best ______at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out . I carried my football everywhere for _________ .
[解题思路]
根据首句，可知文章讲述的是作者想成为学校足球队的明星球员。围绕该主题，才能确保答案正确。
21.A.cheering for B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with
【解析】：文章首句“When I was 13 my only purpose was to be come the star on our football team"提到，我13岁时唯一的目标就是成为学校足球队的明星。结合下文的“Miller King, who was the best”可推断出Miller King是我们学校最出色的足球运动员（player),而实现我的目标就意味着打败（beating out)他。要打败他就要练习（practice)。
23.A.practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure
【解析】：根据上文的“all summer long I worked out”可知，此处表示我到哪里都带着足球练习。
答案：21.B 22.D 23.A
2.利用上下文暗示解题
在做完形填空题时要有整体观念，连贯性思维，要把每题空白处的含义与前后句联系起来，进行合乎逻辑地推理。所谓上下文，可能是紧挨着的两句话，也可能是开头的题目在尾段查找到信息；还可能是中间或最后的试题从上下文查到信息，信息常见的有词、短语、句子，但有时是语境暗示。
典例2(2017·全国I卷）
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life , college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this______ .searching process and found something that has changed my_______ at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语）.
I never felt an urge to _______ any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44languages were enough in all my interactions(交往）. Little did I know that I would discover my _________ . ( love ) for ASL .
42 . A . progress B. experience C. major D. opinion
【解析】：根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历（experience)变得更美好的东西。progress“进
步”；major"专业”；opinion“意见，想法，看法”。
43.A.choose B. read C. learn D. create
【解析】：以前，作者从没感觉到（自己）有学习（learn)任何手语的强烈欲望。choose“选择”；create“创造”。
44.A.official B. foreign C. body D. spoken
【解析】：根据上文中的“My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends"及下文中的"languages were enough in all my interactions(交往）”可知，口语对作者所有的（社会）交往来说已经足够了。spoken language“口语”符合语境。offici al”正式的，官方的”。
【答案】：42.B 43.C 44.D
典例3(2016·北京高考）
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point , huge piles of snow blocked his ______ . He had to leave the trail(雪械痕迹）to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to _____ the trail again.
The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, _____ to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for....
50.A.memory B. exit C. way D. destination
【解析】：结合上文的“huge piles of snow blocked”和下文的"He had to leave...get around them"可判断应选C,表示大堆的雪把他的道路阻断了。
51.A.find B. fix C. pass D. change
【解析】：根据上文的“leave the trail(雪械痕迹）”可知，这里选A表示“找到”，指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪概痕迹对他来说是不可能的。
52.A.pretending B. trying C. asking D. learning
【解析】：根据语境，这里用try to do表示“试图做某事”，指Balto试图嗅出其他狗的气味。
【答案】：50.C 51.A 52.B
典例4(2015·重庆高考）
When Alice was sixteen, I was the one who wanted to run away from home. It was _______to see the changes coming over her. She skipped school, and re-fused to communicate .I tried being firm, but it didn't ______.1saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter.
16.A.pleasant B. painful C. unwise D. inspiring
【解析】：空前面一句说作者想要离家出走，空后面具体交代了作者想离家出走的原因是16岁的女儿逃学、不与人沟通，面对女儿这样的变化母亲当然应该是非常痛苦的（painful)。pleasant令人愉快的；unwise不明智的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。
17.A.remain B. match C. appear D. work
【解析】：it是指前文的I tried being firm,此处意思是说作者试着态度坚决些，但是无济于事，此处的work 意为“有效”。remain保持；match匹配；appear出现。
【答案】：16.B 17.D
3.利用词义复现解题
词义复现，不仅是同一个词，同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这种类型题目的解题关键点，但是这些词可能隐藏的比较深；上文可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相隔较远，因此要注意集中寻找这些暗示信息。
典例5(2017·全国I卷）
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this______ process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语）.
41.A.searching B. planning C. natural D. formal
【解析】：同义复现题。根据上文中“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索（searching)的过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；f ormal“正式的”。
【答案】：41.A
历届高考英语完形填空全国卷
高考完形填空专项训练步步高 抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合 ------谈完形填空解题技巧中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面： 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。 那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。 一、通读短文抓主旨 一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。 抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意 在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点： 1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读
高考英语完形填空考试解题三大角度
高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。
研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点： 一、从所选文章的角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。
难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词，平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。
2017年高考英语二轮复习专题02完形填空(练)(含解析)
专题2 完型填空 [2015·全国卷Ⅰ] My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41__ my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a __42__ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old no ticed him and made a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __44__ in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45__ something they thought our “friend” there would __46__. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a __47__. I thought about it. We were __48__ on each ourselves, but…well, sometimes __49__ from our need instead of our abundance is __50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51__ something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of __52__， he lit up and thanked us with __53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54__his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful __55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56__！ Things would have played out so __57__ if I had simply said, “No, we really don't have __58__ to give more.” Steppin g out not only helped a brother in __59__， it also gave my kids the __60__ taste of helping others. It'll go a long way with them. 41. A．Lost B．Changed C．Quit D．Finished 42. A．condition B．place C．sight D．show 43. A．suggestion B．comment C．decision D．call 44. A．outside B．proudly C．by D．angrily 45. A．draw B．say C．arrange D．pick 46. A．order B．supply C．appreciate D．discover 47. A．dollar B．job C．hot meal D．gift card 48. A．easy B．low C．soft D．loose 49. A．giving B．saving C．spending D．begging 50. A．yet B．even C．still D．just 51. A．declared B．shared C．ignored D．expected
(word完整版)高中英语完形填空解题技巧和训练
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2016广西崇左县高考英语完形填空二轮练习（1）答案 2016高考完形填空。 阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A man who loved to hunt bought two fine setters(特猎犬)that he later trained to be fine bird dogs．He kept them in a large, fenced pen(围栏)in his backyard． One morning he 41 a little bulldog(牛头犬)corning down the path behind his home. It saw the two dogs and squeezed under the 42 . The man thought he should perhaps lock up the setters so they wouldn't 43 the 1ittle lovely dog. But then he changed his mind .Maybe they would teach that bulldog a1esson, he said to himself． As he predicted，44 began to fly，and all of it was the bulldog’s fur. The intruder(入侵者)soon had 45 and squeezed back under the fence to get away． To the man's__46 the visitor returned again the next morning. And like the day before, it soon 47 and squeezed out of the pen and get away. The incident was 48 ，the following day，with the same result． The man left home early the next morning on a business trip and49 after several weeks．He asked his wife what finally 50 to the bulldog． ‘‘You won't 51 it．’’She replied，“At the same time every day that little dog came to the backyard and 52 with our setters and with the same ending，it got away．1t 53 missed a day! It has come to the 54 now that when our setters simply 55 it snorting (喷鼻息)down the path，they start whining and run down into the basement．56 the 1ittle bulldog struts(大摇大摆地走)around our backyard 57 he owns it．” Dale Carnegie made this 58 ：“Most of the 59 things in the world have been 60 by people who have kept on trying when there seemed to be no hope at all．" 41. A．kept B．noticed C．prevented D．risked 42. A．door B．wall C．fence D．backyard 43. A .catch B. eat C hurt D beat 44. A dogs B flies C dust D fur 45.A enough B much C lessons D wounds
(完整)做好高考英语完形填空的14种技巧
做好高考英语完形填空的14种技巧 1?跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句J便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了When J where, who, What，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。 首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对 文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重 要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文 章的脉络与线索。 EVel yn Glennie WaS the first IaCly Of SOIO PerCUSSi On in SCOtIancl .In an in terview, She recalled how She became a PerCUSSi On SOIOiS 打（击乐器独奏演员）in SPite Of her CliSabiIity.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员EVel yn GIe nnie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想EVeIyn GIe nnie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，EVeIyn GIennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。 2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的 题目。对于这 类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词（组）的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：__ 51 ____ do you SUPPOSe he asked for them? 51 ? A. What B. HOW C. WhO D. WhiCh 【解析】本题中，do you SUPPOSe为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词HOW来修饰谓语动词asked,而不能用代词What5 WhO或WhiChO __ 8 ____ I had been born in the 16th CentUry J I WOUICl have had no job. 8.A. BeCaUSe B. While C. If D. SinCe 【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th CentUry可知这只是个假设 5 是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。 3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和 同义词、近义词 的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语"，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨
江西省师大附中高考英语 全国各地英语三模考试题选编-完形填空
完形填空 （共20题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并标在答题卡上。 It was a cold evening and my daughter and I were walking up Broadway. I didn’t notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box. But Nora did. She wasn’t even four, but she 36 at my coat and said, “That man’s cold. Daddy, 37 we take him home?” I don’t remember my reply. But I do remember a sudden 38 feeling inside me. I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her 39 , whether it was 40 in flight or children playing. But now she was noticing 41 and beggary. A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who picked up a food package from a nearby school on a Sunday morning and 42 it to an elderly person. It was quick and easy. I 43 us up. Nora was 44 about it. She could understand the importance of food, so she could easily see how 45 our job was. When Sunday came, she was ready, but I had to 46 myself to leave the house. On the way to the school, I fought an urge to turn 47 . The Sunday paper and coffee were waiting at home. Why do this? 48 , we phoned the elderly person we’d been appointed. She 49 us right over. The building was in a sad state. Facing us was a silver-haired woman in an old dress. She took the package and asked us to come in. Nora ran inside. I unwillingly followed. 50 inside, I saw that the department belonged to someone poor. Our hostess showed us some photos. Nora played and when it came time to say goodbye, we three hugged, I walked home in tears. Professionals call such a(n) 51 “a volunteer opportunity”. They are