现在完成时态--语法全解

现在完成时态--语法全解
现在完成时态--语法全解

语法全解:现在完成时

一、现在完成时的构成

(一)肯定式

主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它.

说明:这里的have/has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。has, have的缩略式分别为’s或’ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例:

1) I’ve just copied all the new words.我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)

2) She has lost her books.她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)

(如果用过去时:She lost her books.则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到。)

3) We’ve just cleaned the classroom. 我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)

(二)否定式

主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词+其它.

说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have/has后面加not就行。have not, has not的缩略式分别为haven’t, hasn’t。另外,肯定句中有some, already

时,改为否定时要分别改成any, yet。例:

1)I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。

2)She hasn’t travelled on a train. 她没有坐火车旅行过。

3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:

4) I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。

(三)一般疑问式

助动词Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其它?

说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some, already改为any, yet就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用Yes, 主语+have/has.;否定回答用No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.。有时也可以用No, not yet./No, never/No, not even once等。实例:1)—Have you ever made dumplings?你曾经做过饺子吗?

—Yes , I have.是的,我做过。

2)—Has she ever been abroad? 她曾经出过国吗?

—No, never. 不,从来没有。

3)—Have they found the lost books yet? 他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?

—Yes, they have. 是的,他们找到了。

注意:当句中有否定词not , hardly(几乎不), never 的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to our school, have you? 你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?

二、过去分词

1. 规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:(1).一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work—worked—worked ,visit—visited—visited (2).以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。live—lived—lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将y 变为i,再加“ ed ”。

study—studied—studied ,cry—cried—cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。stop—stopped—stopped , drop—dropped—dropped

2. 不规则动词:

cost—cost—cost

shut—shut —shut

spread —spread—spread

read —read —read (read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/)

come —came —come

burn— burnt —burnt

catch —caught —caught

dig —dug —dug

feel —felt —felt

fight—fought — fought

make—made — made

break —broke —broken choose—chose—chosen

write —wrote —written

三、现在完成时的用法

现在完成时的用法(一)

表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经), yet (还、已经), just(刚刚、仅仅), ever(曾经), never

(从不), before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:

1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:

I’ve already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)

I’ve washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服洗干净了”。)

注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already 也可用于(口语)疑问句中。例:

Have you met him already? 你(真的)已经见过他了?2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:

1)—Has he found his watch yet? 他已经找到他的手表了吗?

—No, not yet.不,还没有。

2)The woman hasn’t found her dog yet.

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)

3.just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:

He has just come back from school. 他刚从学校回来。

4.ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:

1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾去过香港吗?

2)I haven’t ever spoken to her. 我未曾和她说过话。5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before 要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间)。例:

I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

6.before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例:

1)Have you been to Hainan before? 你以前去过海南吗?

2)I haven’t eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。

现在完成时(二)

1.表示过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在,还可能继

续下去。谓语动词为延续性动词,可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

2.时间状语

(1)since 结构:

①since+时间点

②since+时间段+ago

③since+从句(一般过去时)

(2)for+一段时间

(3)recently , lately , these days , in the past/last three years(在过去的三年里)

by the end of... (到...为止);so far(到目前为止)= up to now

3.其中for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.

=I have lived here since ten years ago.

They have lived here since 1989./since they came to Beijing.

In the past ten years, China has progressed so much.

By the end of this term, we have learned about 10,000 French words.

4.常用How long...? 来提问现在完成时的时间。

Eg. ---How long have you learned English?

---I have learned English for six years./since six years ago./since I was ten years old.

延续性动词与非延续性动词

1.现在完成时中句中动词的特点:此种用法中表示动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。(1)这本书我已经买了3年了。

I’ve bought the book for three years. (×)

I’ve had the book for three years. (√)(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了?

How long has your brother joined the army? (×)

How long has your brother been in the army/ been

a soldier? (√)

2.延续性动词与非延续性动词

(1)含义:延续性动词表示能够持续的动作,强调经过,经历。可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。非延续性动词(即短暂性动词、瞬间动词、终止性动词)表示不能持续的动作,一瞬间就结束,或表示一次性动作,强调行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

Eg. I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他

了。(表经历)

He has finished the work.他已经完成了那项工作。(表结果)

(2)用法:

①常见的延续性动词有:learn,work, stand, know ,walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live ,stay等。

②常见的非延续性动词有: come, go, leave, begin, start, arrive, reach, see, die, join, get up, borrow, lend, buy , finish, end, become等。

③非延续动词的否定式已经成为了一种可延续性的状态,故可以和for, since 等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

Eg. I haven’t seen him for a long time.我已经很长时间没见过他了。

I haven’t borrowed books for two months. 我已经两个月没借书了。

判断正误,如有错误请改正。

①He has come back. (√)

②He has come back for three years. (×)

--He has been back for three years.

③I have borrowed the book. (√)

④I have borrowed the book since last week.

(×)

--I have kept the book since last week.

⑤I have got up for an hour. (×)

--I have been up for an hour.

⑥He has died for 5 years.(×)

--He has been dead for 5 years.

(3)非延续性动词转换为延续性动词

a)使用相应的延续性动词

borrow —keep ;buy —have

put on —wear ;become--be

get to sleep —sleep ; get to know —know

catch/get a cold —have a cold ;

b)转换成“be+名词”的形式

join the Party(党)--be a Party member ; join the army --be a soldier/be in the army

go to school--be a student

c)转换成“be+形容词/副词”的形式

die--be dead ; finish--be over ;

begin/start--be on ;leave--be away;

fall asleep--be asleep ; wake up--be awake

get up--be up ; get out--be out;

get married--be married

close--be closed(形容词);

open--be open(形容词);

make friends--be friends

d)转换为“be+介词短语”的形式

join-- be in.../be a member of ;

come/go----be + 相应的介词短语

go to school--be in school

【针对练习】

他已经回来三天了。He has been back for three days.

他离家已经有两个月了。

He has been away from home for two months.

他父亲已经死了三年了。

His father has been dead for three years.

她已睡了一个小时了。

She has slept for one hour.

这场电影已经开始两小时了。

The film has been on for two hours.

e)将时间状语改为过去的时间,用一般过去时代替现在完成时。

她已经离开了一周了。She left one week ago.

f)用句型①It is+一段时间+since 从句

②一段时间+has passed +since 从句

例:这个老人已经死了两年了。

The old man died two years ago. (一般过去时)

The old man has been died for two years.

The old man has been died since two years ago.

It is two years since the old man died.

Two years has passed since the old man died.

浅析现在完成时态的用法

浅析现在完成时态的用法 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。 一,用法其主要用法有三种: I已完成用法 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1).表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just,now,already,yet,not…yet等连用。 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯关上了) I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以交作业或做别的了) 2). 表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 (说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没找到这支笔) She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师) She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师) II未完成用法。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today,this week(month),lately,recently,these days,in the past few days,during the last two weeks. since,since yesterday,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a longtime,for a month,so far,up to now,till(until)now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿) They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续往来) How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学) III经验性用法。表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。一般译为汉语“过”,常和often,never,ever,once,twice,three times,before,since等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 We have visited your school before. 我以前曾去过你们学校。 (过去的经历,但现在依然记得) 二,现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

英语现在完成时态讲解学习资料

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英语现在完成时的用法大全附解析百度文库

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高考英语一般现在时用法总结(完整)

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Lead in 一般过去时导入:一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I lost my pen.(过去时) I have lost my pen.(现在完成时) 过去时一般表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态。“我把笔丢了”,说话人只是想告诉对方在过去的某一个时间里他的笔丢了,仅此而已。(仅仅是在陈诉过去的一个事实,与现在没有关系) New lesson 一.现在完成时的构成: 助动词have/has(not) +动词过去分词 She has turned on the lights. 肯定式:have/ has+过去分词 否定式:haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 疑问式:把have/has 提到主语前面 肯定回答:Yes,…have/has 否定回答:No,…..haven’t/hasn’t 二.用法 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 例如:She has gone. 她走了. She went in the past.(She is not here

now.) I have just cleaned my hands. 我刚洗过手。(“洗手”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“手干净了”) I have closed the door. (The door is close now.) She has turned on the lights. (The lights are on now.) He has written his name on the blackboard. (The name is on the blackboard now.) Mother has cooked the dinner. (We can have dinner now.) You have seen the film. (You know what the film is about.) We have cleaned the classroom. (The classroom is clean now.) 2. 表示动作发生在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。以及so far, by now, these days, in the last/past … years/days…等连用。 I have lived here for over ten years. (表示他现在还在这里居住,并且还有可能继续住下去)比较:I lived here ten years ago.(仅仅说明了他十年前在这里记住过的事实,不代表现在他还住在这里) He has studied here since 2006. 都用How long 提问,例: We have learned English for three years. We have learned English since three years ago.

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(英语语法)四种完成时态

LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在:You are rich. 过去:You were rich. 将来:You will be rich. 过去将来:You would be rich. There be 现在:There is a book on the desk . 过去:There was a book on the desk. 将来:There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来:There would be a book on the desk.主谓宾状 现在:You study English in the school. 过去时:You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. are about to study English would study English in the scho You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English.

一般现在时总结归纳

一般现在时语法总结 一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。 时间状语:often 经常,usually 通常,always 总是,every 每个,sometimes 有时,at……在点钟 只有在第三人称单数用动词的三单变化,其他用动词的原型。 1.三单变化: (1)多数在动词后面加- s ask->asks work->works get->gets stay->stays (2)以字母s x ch sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加- es Watch -> watches wish -> wishes fix -> fixes do -> does go -> goes pass -> passes (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加- es Try -> tries study -> studies cry -> cries fly -> flies 2.不规则变化 be-> am is are have->has 一般现在时的用法: 表示经常性或习惯性的状态;表示客观事实或普遍真理;在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在时表示将来;在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作1>经常性或习惯的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语:every、sometimes、at……,on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2>客观真理,客观存在,科学事实 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of china. 3>表示格言或警局中 Pride goes before fall. (骄者必败) 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:columbus proved that earth is round. 4>现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性 I dont want so much.

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二、现在完成时标志词: recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段;in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)

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现在完成时精讲和专练 I.定义: 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态 II.现在完成时的结构 简略答语: 注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。 如:I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 III.现在完成时的标志 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和,ever, never, twice(once…), so far(到目前为止), since,for,in the past/last few years(在过去几年), already(肯定句), yet(否定,疑问句), just(刚刚), before(以前), recently(近来)等词连用 说明:already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。例如: I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it. 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。 ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志 注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 IV.现在完成时的用法

一般现在时知识点归纳总结

一般现在时知识点归纳总结 定义: 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 用法: (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。通常与副词every day(每天),always(总 是),usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(有时),等时间状语连用。 I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 She usually plays sports. 她每天都做运动。 (2)表示科学原理,自然现象,客观事实或格言谚语等等。 The sun rises in the east.太阳每天从东方升起。 Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石 There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。 (3).在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动 作。如:Here comes the bus.公交车来了。 (4)在下列情况下用一般现在时表示将来:

①. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作,通常有表示将来的时间状语。如: The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞,一点二十分抵达上海。 注:只限于少数动词能这样用,如begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open 等。 ②. 当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语 从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如: If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match. As soon as he got inside, the dog shook himself. You can't leave until you find another to replace you. 一般现在时句式变换: 肯定句:表示肯定的句子 否定句:表示否定的句子 一般疑问句:一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是一般只用yes(是)或no (否)来回答的句子。朗读一般疑问句时用升调,而一般疑问句的简略答语用降调。

现在完成时用法小结

现在完成时用法小结 (只摘抄黑体字部分,蓝体字只读不摘抄,第二种用法只学不摘抄) 现在完成时用来表示说话之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。属于现在时态的范畴。其构成:助动词have (has) +过去分词。 肯定式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) (一)表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 如: Have you read that story?

你读过那个故事吗? (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。) I have bought two apples. 我买了两个苹果。 (“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果。) 请朗读下面句子,体会现在完成时的含义。(以下句子摘抄两句) 1.I have finished my homework. ( My homework is done, I can do something else.) 2. She has seen the doctor. ( Now she knows what’s wrong with her.) 3. They have seen the film. ( Now they know what the film is about.) 4. Lily has lost her pen. ( Now she can’t see it.) 5. Have you found your watch? ( Do you have your watch now?) 6. Has the train arrived? ( Can we get on the train now?)

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