2011年河南耶鲁专升本考试英语技巧
平时练习方法：
1.在成人考试词汇知识命题中，词汇与短语的比例约为11∶1。要加强对单词的记忆。平时做练习时，要把一些经常考到的高频词汇和一些高频词组，记下来。同时要学会扩展式的记忆单词，除了历年考题考到的，与之相关的词组也要记下来。
2.对介词和连词的运用必须加以重视，是选择题的考试重点，最好记在相关例句。
3.记住一些常见的固定词组搭配，to do sth. 还是 doing sth，一定要记清楚，往往是考察的重点。
4.重视选用词意较为生僻或使用率偏低的词汇命题，如：suspected、concluded、announced、astonished、tough、rough、instantly、recommended、somehow、imagination、inspects、possess。
5.在成人考试中的必考3800词中，部分词汇使用率较高，如：
majority,thorough,pour,beyond,ceiling,coast,envy,frequently,mass,modest,port,shortcomin g,sleeve,thunder,wealth,trick,stocking,pressure。词意较为生僻或使用率偏高的词汇，应注意对单词拼写记忆必须牢固。
6.应有一定的对近义词不同搭配用法的常识，在有可能出现多个答案的情况下，对词的用法进行甄别。最常用词汇的易混易错现象，如：①sit（坐），seat（就座）②borrow（借入），lend（借出）③bring（带来），take（带走），fetch（取）④thank（+人），appreciate（+事/物）⑤hanged （上吊），hung（挂）⑥rise（上升），raise（拾起）⑦especial（尤其的），special（特殊的）⑧accident （事故），incident（事件）⑨medal（奖章），model（模型）⑩accept（接受），receive（收到）⑾curious （好奇），surprised（吃惊）⑿cloth（布），clothes（衣服），clothing（衣物）。
考试基本技巧：
1.如果是介词词组辩词，首先你要注意介词本身的意思，这样有助于你去辨析整句话。
2.在辨析词汇中，单词的意思基本相近的情况下，一定要放在句子中去理解，因此句意对答案的判断有辅助作用。
3.如果完全不理解选题选项要做合理的猜测。
复习内容要求
考生应掌握下列基本语法规则
（一）词法
名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、动词、连词、感叹句
（二）句法
1.基本句型
2.句子按用途分类
（1）陈述句、（2）疑问句、（3）祈使句、（4）感叹句
3.句子按结构分类
（1）简单句、（2）并列句、3）复合句
（三）构词法
1.派生法、
2.合成法、
3.转换法
尽管聊聊几个字，但是包括的语法知识和语法点是相当多的，2010年教学大纲中提到的基本句型，就涵盖了句子中主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语的运用。尽管在大纲中，没有提到主谓一致、省略句、倒装句、强调句、直接引语和间接引语，但是我们依然要把这些语法点作为重点。
最基本的语法点，关于不同词性的单词运用与辨析，在课上都一一讲解过了，而且给大家举了不少的例子，如果哪一个内容还比较模糊不清楚，可以反复来听上课的内容，还弄懂每个知识点。从2005年到2009年历届真题中，我们可以发现，语法考察的重点为三大类：
1.词法：名词单复数、形容词比较级与最高级、情态动词、介词及介词词组、连词的运用
2.句法：被动语态、虚拟语气、反意疑问句、倒装句、强调句（it 做主语）、定语从句（尤其是非限定性定语从句）
3.时态：将来时态、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去时、过去完成时（往往把时态和被动结合在一起考察大家，例如：过去分词表被动）
在这里要提醒大家的是，有些语法点不仅是重点而且是多次考到的高频语法点，希望大家在平时的练习中，加以重视：过去分词的被动语态（2006/8; 2007/8；2008/11; 2009/8）倒装句（2005/18; 2007/12; 2008/15,2009/18）、反意疑问句（2005/14; 2008/7）虚拟语气（2005/11; 2008/12）这些语法点，一定要作为重中之重来对待，尤其是这些语法点的特殊情况，必须要牢记。
考题举例
1.It's a pity that some of the people ____ cannot come to the party．(2009)
A．inviting
B．invited
C．to invite
D．were invited
【翻译】很遗憾，有些被邀请的人没有到场。
【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态，空格中需要填的是people的定语，people 与 invite 是被动关系，过去分词表被动，现在分词表主动。Invited= who were invited.
2.Dianna was reading Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, completely ____ in the mysterious world．(2008)
A．being lost
B．having lost
C．losing
D．lost
【翻译】戴安娜正在读《哈利波特与火焰杯》，完全迷失在书中神秘的世界里。
【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态、已经完成或表示某种状态，这里过去分词表示状态：陷入神秘世界之中。过去分词前加 being 表示原因：由于…，与题意不符。现在分词表主动，或正在进行，不合题意。
3.With its expensive furniture and carefully ____ color scheme, the room looked quite luxurious．(2007)
A．choose
B．chose
C．chosen
D．choosing
【翻译】昂贵的家具加上仔细挑选的色系使得这个房间看起来非常豪华。
【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态：被选的色系。
4.The sandwiches by your mother were very delicious．(2006)
A．make
B．making
C．made
D．were made
【翻译】你妈妈做的三明治非常好吃。
【解析】本题考查过去分词的被动语态, The sandwiches made by your mother= the sandwiches that were made by your mother。
5.Seldom____ any mistakes during my past five years of service in the company. (2009)
A．I did make
B．I would make
C．did I make
D．would I make
【翻译】过去5年在这家公司工作期间，我很少出错。
【解析】本题的答案由seldom决定，由于seldom含有否定意义，空格中应用倒装语序。时间状语my past five years 决定用一般过去时。
6.Only when I began to do it that I had made a mistake．(2008)
A．I realized
B．I had realized
C．did I realize
D．would I realize
【翻译】只有开始做的时候才会意识到自己犯了错。
【解析】本题考点是倒装句。Only 起始的句子主谓要倒装。题干为过去时，选择过去时的倒装：did I realize.
7. when he saw his wife’s face did Tom realize the true meaning of her remark．(2007)
A．Just
B．Never
C．Only
D．Usually
【翻译】只有当他看到她妻子的面容的时候，Tom 才意识到她谈话的真正意义。
【解析】本题考点是倒装句。后半句是主句，并且从主谓的顺序可知是倒装句，never 和only 放在句首时都必须主谓倒装，但never不合题意。
8.Nowhere else in the world more beautiful scenery than in Switzerland．(2005)
A．you can see
B．you had seen
C．can you see
D．had you seen
【翻译】瑞士的风景是世界上任何其他地方都不能与之媲美的。
【解析】本题考点是否定词起始的句子中，主谓要倒装。这里表示一般性的赞美用现在时。
9.You never told us why you were absent from the party, ? (2005)
A．weren’t you
B．didn’t you
C．did you
D．were you
【翻译】你根本没有告诉我们你没有聚会的原因，对吗？
【解析】本题考点是反意疑问句，陈述部分为否定句时，疑问部分为肯定式；陈述部分为肯定时，疑问部分为否定式。陈述部分为否定意义的词，依然如此。
10.None of us called the police when the two cars collided, ? (2005)
A．didn’t we
B．don’t we
C．did we
D．do we
【翻译】当两车相撞的时候，我们中没有人报警，对吗？
【解析】本题考点是反意疑问句，陈述部分为否定句时，疑问部分为肯定式；陈述部分为肯定时，疑问部分为否定式。陈述部分为否定意义的词，依然如此。前陈述部分已经有了否定词none，后面反问部分应为肯定式。原句又为过去式。
平时练习方法：
1.掌握基本的语法知识，对其中的一些特殊情况加以重视，如有不明白的，可以根据授课内容，及相关语法书，具体细致的掌握语法点。
2.对于历年考试中的重要的语法点，必须掌握，并延伸记忆。（不单纯只记住这点语法知识）
3.除上述提到的语法点外：主谓一致、定语从句、主语从句、状语从句、各种类型的时态等，都应该逐一去理解掌握。
考试基本技巧：
1.拿到考题，首先先分析考点，属于哪种类型的语法。
2.根据考点分析，并结合句意去判断。
3.在此需要注意的是，答案必须保持与题目内容时态一致。
复习内容要求
根据“完形填空”题型的固有特点，可以将考查的内容大致分为三个方面：
1.整体理解
既然是一篇文章，它就是一个整体。整体理解大致包括以下几个方面：（1）理解整篇结构及其内在的逻辑关系；（2）理解文章中的具体情节；（3）理解事件的发生、发展、结束过程。
2.词语用法
词语用法大致包括以下几个方面：（1）词的多义和多用；（2）同义词、近义词的分辨；（3）形态变化；（4）词语的习惯用法和适用场合；（5）词序。
3.句法结构
句法结构牵涉到方方面面。最主要的有以下几个方面：（1）基本句型；（2）句子的时态和语态；（3）词的搭配关系；（4）主谓一致关系；（5）比较等级；（6）关系词的用法；（7）非谓语动词的用法；（8）口语句式。
完型填空
完形填空，占总比例的20%，15道题，每题2分共30分；“完形填空”是一种考查学生综合运用英语能力的题型，也是学生感到最难做的题型之一。在解答这类题时应注意掌握好语义原则和词汇-语法原则。语义原则就是要正确理解短文的意思，包括根据上下文进行逻辑推理并运用科普和社会生活常识进行事理判断等。词汇-语法原则就是要综合运用词汇和语法两方面的知识，包括词义辨析、词语搭配、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等。两条原则都十分重要，不可顾此失彼。
三个标准
1.意思通顺贴切
确定一个答案是否正确的第一个标准就是要看它是否符合意思表达上的需要。这有以下三种情况：（1）放在原句中能否使该句意思通顺；（2）是否符合上下文；（3）与全文整体意思是否协调一致。
2.结构正确完整
一定的内容要用一定的形式来表达，两者必须协调一致。因此，一个完整的句子必须具有正确的结构，符合各种句法要求。要以此处理备选答案，排除不符合要求或有句法错误的答案。
3.符合习惯表达
每一种语言都有它独特的惯用的表达方式。所以，符合了上面两条标准的答案也不一定就是正确答案，最后还要看一看它是否符合英语的习惯表达法和固定搭配。
下面提供一篇完形填空例题。让我们用上述方法对其进行剖析，以便举一反三，触类旁通。
平时练习方法：
1、多读多练阅读短文，同时在课余时间多读课外的英文读物，英语学习不仅是背诵单词，做阅读练习，它也是文化的沟通，文明的传递。
2、应该重视语篇学习，构建语篇意识。在做完型填空练习题时，应在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。
3、正确理解语境的含义。语境context在英文中指“某事或某物发生的环境或应该考虑到的环境或背景”，语境大致可分为四个层次:指空格前后的单词、词组和句子；空格前后的细节内容；全文的结构和主旨大意；作者的背景，写作思路，态度观点。尤其是后两者，只有正确理解了语境的完整含义，才能做出准确地选择。
4、学会积累考点，同时攻破自己在此类题中的薄弱环节。例如：词汇、句法等。
考试基本技巧：
(1)从首句抓主题。完型填空所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空格，因此它往往是了解文章全貌的关键，由此可判断文章体裁，推测文章大意，对理解全文有重要的启示作用。
（2)通读掌握大意。先把短文从头到尾快速阅读一至两遍，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。在掌握了短文大意之后，才可边读短文边选择答案。但要注意文中的暗示，努力找出关键词。如果是故事性文章，那时间、地点、人物就是关键词；抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索，进而理解全文。
(3)下手先易后难。对空格前后句子作深入分析，确定空格在句中的意思。如果是语法问题，不仅要考虑时态、语态，还要考虑整个词法、句法。如果是语义问题，要从上下文分析，依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
先易后难就是首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的、直接的、明显的答案，如：固定词组、常见句型等。同时，不要忘记首尾照应，首句必须要专注，同时不要忽视尾句的作用。另外要牢记文章的中心思想，每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思要联系起来理解。文章最前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才能找到答案。
(4)上下合乎逻辑。这是从句子结构的角度来考虑。如果空白处位于引导状语从句的位置上，则首先要分清是何种状语从句（时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、比较关系、行为方式……），然后再选择适当的词填空。因此，填入单词后要使句子意思和结构都完整，合乎逻辑。
(5)复查消除疏漏。填空全部完成后，还要通读一遍，检查是否前后连贯。如果有某些地方意义含混或矛盾，就应该依据文章的中心意思来重新考虑。从意义和语法两个角度仔细权衡，加以改正，以便弥补疏漏。从语法上，检查一下所完成的句子是否主谓一致：时态、语态是否正确；句词、代词的性、格是否一致；动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否准确无误。
考题举例
专升本2005年考题
I can clearly remember the first time I met Mr. Andrews, my old headmaster, ___21___ th at was over twenty years ago. During the war, I was at school in the north of England.
A s s o o n a s i t ended, my family returned to London. There were not enough schools left for children to go to and my father had to go from one school to another, asking them to ___22___ me a s a p u p i l.I u s e d
to go with him but he had such a ___23___ time trying to persuade people even to see hi m that I
seldom had to do any tests. We had been to all the schools near where we lived, but the m o r e m y
father argued, the more ___24___ it became. In the end, we went to a school about five m i l e s
away from home. The headmaster kept us waiting for ____25___ an hour. While we were wai ting, I ___26___ around at the school building, which was one of those old Victorian st r u c t u r e s, completely out of date but still standing. I could hear the boys playing in the playgro u n d o u t s i d e
when the headmaster’s secretary finally ____27____ us into his office. Mr. Andrews spo k e t o m e f i r s t.“W h y d o y o u w a n t t o c o m e h e r e?”
h e a s k e d.I h a d b e e n t h i n k i n g o f s a y i n g s o m e t h i n g a b o u t studying but I couldn’t ____28____ remembering the boys outside. “I don’t know anyon e i n
London,”I said. “I like to play with the other boys. I like to read a lot of books to o,”I ____29___. “All right,”
Mr. Andrews said. “We have one place ___30____, in fact.”
My two years at that school were among the happiest of my life.
21. A. if
B. despite
C. although
D. since
【分析】这是一篇关于伦敦战后生活的短文。根据上下文，此处作者是在强调，即便是20多年前的事情了，他对当时的情景仍然记忆犹新。
22. A. take
B. bring
C. treat
D. get
【分析】take表示“接受”。战后作者全家回到伦敦，而那里让小孩念书的学校并不多。作者的父亲不得不挨个到学校去求情，希望学校收留他的孩子。
23. A. pleasant
B. hard
C. good
D. bad
【分析】hard time 表示“艰难的时刻”，bad time表示“日子不好过”，通常作者是跟着父亲一道去。但常常父亲连说服学校见他一面的机会都很少，所以作者也就很少有机会做进校的测试。
24. A. hopeful
B. beneficial
C. complicated
D. impossible
【分析】此句意为：我们把附近的学校都走遍了，父亲与学校的争执越多，我入学的可能性就越小。
25. A. at most
B. at last
C. at least
D. at first
【分析】根据上下文，当时入学是非常困难的，校长对家长很怠慢，因此应选at least，意思为：最后，我们跑到一个离家有五英里远的学校，校长让我们等了最少一个小时。
26. A. looked
B. turned
C. played
D. ran
【分析】look around表示“环顾，查看”; turn round表示“转身”，意思是：我们等着的时候，我环顾了学校的建筑，发现这是很老的，早已过时了的维多利亚时期的建筑结构。
27. A. made
B. let
C. sent
D. urged
【分析】made 意为：“迫使”；let意为“准许”；sent 意为“送，派遣”； urged意为：“催促，力劝”。意思为：校长秘书终于准许我们进入办公室。
28. A. enjoy
B. mind
C. stop
D. help
【分析】couldn’t help doing sth. 表示“控制不住要做某事”。意思为：校长先发问：“你为什么要到这个学校？”“我本想说些学习上的事，但却忘不掉外面玩耍的孩子们。”
29. A. argued
B. protested
C. added
D. thought
【分析】意思为：我说：“我在伦敦谁都不认识。”有加一句：“我喜欢跟其他孩子们玩，我也喜欢读书。”
30. A. empty
B. free
C. blank
D. bare
【分析】empty意为：空的（容器）; free意为：空余的（房间等）；blank意为：空白的（表格）；bare 意为：“秃的，光着的”。意为：校长说：“我们还有一个空位。”
英语独立主格结构用法小结[1]
非谓语动词作状语时, 它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语, 从而在结构上与主语不发生关系, 我们称之为独立主格结构( Absolute Construction) 。其实, 所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立, 它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中, 非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。请看下面的例子：
Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(不定式)
such an able man和to help you 之间存在着主谓关系, 即Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在书桌旁坐好后, 他母亲开始给他讲故事。(现在分词)
He seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语he, 即When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
由于丢了自行车钥匙, 他只好步行去学校。(过去分词)
the key 是lost 的逻辑主语, lost 也可以用完成式having been lost，即Because the key to th
e bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
1、不定式独立主格结构
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中, 动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这
种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.
他母亲今晚要来, 他正在忙着准备饭菜。
( As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)
——Will you go to the comcert tonight?
——Sorry. So many exerise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.
你今晚去听音乐会吗？
对不起, 有这多的作业要批, 我真的抽不出时间。
( Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really can't afford any time.)
The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干, 每人翻译全书的四分之一。
( The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the b
ook.)
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more be
autiful.
种上许多的树, 花和草后, 我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
(If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more b
eautiful.)
2、现在分词ing形式独立主格结构
动词的-ing形式作各种状语时, 其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致，ing 的独立结构相当于一
个状语从句。
Being ill, he went home.
( As he was very ill, he went home.)
由于生病, 他回家了。
Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
( When he had seated himself at the desk...)
在课桌旁坐好后, 他开始看杂志。
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
( When everyone was ready...)
每个人都准备好后, 老师开始上课。
The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.
( After everyone was seated...)
每个人坐好后, 主席开始开会。
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
( Because the boy led the way)
由那个男孩带路, 我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.
( As many eyes were watching him)
许多眼睛看着他, 他感到有点儿紧张。
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
( If time permits...)
时间允许的话, 我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
My health allowing, I will work far into the night.
(If my health allows....)
我的健康许可的话, 我愿工作到深夜。
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
( and each wears a card in front of his chest)
学生们快乐地在学校里走着, 每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.
( and his eyes were looking at the sky)
男孩躺在草地上, 眼睛看着天空。
注意：系动词be 也可以用分词形式的独立结构。例如：
It being National Day today, the streets are very crowded.
(As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.)
今天是国庆节, 街上很拥挤。
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.
(As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)
没有别的事可讨论, 我们都回家了。
3、过去分词-ed形式的独立主格结构
如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话, 就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.
该书是用简单英语写的, 英语初学者也能看懂。
(As the book was written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.)
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高, 他们工作得更起劲了。
(As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.)
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲, 眼睛紧盯着黑板。
(He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.)
The task completed, he had two months' leave.
任务完成以后, 他休了两个月的假。
( When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.)
4、非谓语动词独立结构析比较
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生, 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束, 动词-ing形式往往表示
动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried, many things to settle.
经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
( 事情还没有处理, 而且是由经理本人来处理, 用不定式to settle)
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
许多事情已经处理好了, 经理看上去很轻松。
( 事情已经处理好了, 用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭, 一边看电视。
( 两个动作同时进行)
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.
饭做好了, 小孩去睡了。
( 两个动作有先后, 饭已做好, 小孩才去睡觉的)
二、无动词独立主格结构
在含有being 的独立主格结构中, being 往往可以被省去。这种省去being的结构, 称之为无动词
独立主格结构。
1、逻辑主语+名词
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛, 年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
( the youngest being a boy of 12 省去了being)
注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略, 一是在“There being + 名词”结构
中, 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车, 我们只好走回家。
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
因为是星期日, 所有办公室都关门。
2、逻辑主语+形容词
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.
他睡眼惺忪地转向我。
( his eyes being sleepy 省去了being, 等于He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. )
He stood there, his mouth wide open.
他站在那里, 嘴张得大大的。
( his mouth being wide open，等于He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.)
3、逻辑主语+副词
School over, we all went home.
放学了, 我们都回家了。
( school being over，等于= School was over, and we all went home. )
He sat at his desk, his shoes off.
他坐在课桌旁, 没穿鞋子。( his shoes being off，等于He sat at his desk and his shoes were
off.)
4、逻辑主语+介词短语
He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.
他站在黑板面前, 背对着我们。
(He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.)
The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.
新老师面带微笑走了进来。
(The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.)
The teacher came into the classroom, a rule in his hand.
老师走进教室, 手里拿着一把直尺。
(The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.)
提示：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”的独立主格结构里, 如果名词用单数, 可以不用冠词, 同时介词短语
里的限定词也可省略。例如：
The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.
音乐老师站在门口, 手里拿着一把小提琴。
( a violin in his hand.)
三、with / without 引导的独立主格结构
在上面所讲的独立结构前，都可以加上介词with / without，构成了“with / without +宾语+宾语的补
足语”的独立主格结构形式。例如：
1、with+名词、代词、形容词
He doesn’t like to sleep with the win dows open.
他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中, 衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
注意：在with 的独立主格结构中, 也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。例如：
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望, 老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study.
父亲如此出名, 儿子不想读书。
2、with+名词代词、副词
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都打开时, 我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are
on.
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前, 小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.
3、with+名词代词、介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或
He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口, 手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.
专升本英语语法重点汇总
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型
2016年河南省专升本公共英语真题(带答案)
2016年河南省普通高等学校 选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试 公共英语 一、单选题（每小题1分，共40分） 1. Jane hadn't been to London before. had her husband． A、Neither B、Either C、So D、Or 2. No sooner had he arrived in Rome he heard of the good news． A、when B、than C、then D、until 3. I'm for the suggestion that a special board to examine the problem． A、be set up B、will be set up C、must be set up D、has to be set up 4. The disabled children need many things, but , they need love． A、first of all B、not at all C、after all D、all in all 5. The coal industry in the north of China is now barely half its size． A、formal B、former C、latter D、later 6. The football player is hoping to to another team soon． A、transfer B、transport C、transplant D、transact 7. the garden, the old man went to have a rest． A、Having been watered B、Watering C、Having watered D、Being watered 8. Her to the job left her with very little free time． A、devotion 1
(完整word版)2017河南专升本英语真题及答案解析
河南省 2016 年普通高等学校 专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试 公共英语 Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure ( 1 x 40 ) Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, and then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.- 1. Jane hadn't been to London before. ______ had her husband. A. Neither B. Either C. So D. Or 2. No sooner had he arrived in Rome ______ he heard of the good news. A. when B. than C. then D. until 3. I’m for the suggestion that a special board_____to examine the problem. A. be set up B. will be set up C.must be set up D.has to be set up 4. The disabled children need many things, but____ , they need love. A. first of all B.not at all C.after all D. All in all 5. The coal industry in the north of China is now barely half its ____size. A. Formal B.former https://www.360docs.net/doc/fc18423464.html,tter D. later 6. The football player is hoping to____ to another team soon. A. Transfer B.transport C.transplant D. transact 7. ____the garden, the old man went to have a rest. A. Having been watered B. Watering C. Having watered D. Being watered 8. Her_____to the job left her with very little free time. A. devotion B.faith C.trust D.interest 9. The children have been ____since their father left. A.out of style B.under control C.out of control D.in style 10. It is reported _____ great changes have been made with the application of the new policy. A.which B. that C. while D.what 11. The manager promised to keep me _____ of how the project was going on. A. be informed B. Informed C. inform https://www.360docs.net/doc/fc18423464.html,rming
耶鲁专升本英语词汇最新总结
耶鲁专升本英语词汇最新总结 up to （数量上）多达；（时间上）直到；取决于 uo to date 现代化的，切合目前状况的 back up 支持；倒退 be made up of 由……组成，由……构成 break up 打碎；终止，结束 bring up 教育，培养 build up 建立；增强，增进 call up 打电话，召集 catch up with 赶上 cheer up 高兴起来，振作起来 clear up 清理；使变清洁；放晴 come up 出现，走上前来 come up with 追上，赶上；提出 draw up 起草，制订 dress up 穿上盛装，精心打扮 end up 结束，告终 face up to 大胆面对 get up 起床；起立 give up 放弃；投降 go up 上升，（物价等）上涨 grow up 成熟；成年；发展 hang up 把……挂起来；挂断（电话） hold up 举起；耽搁，延迟 hurry up （使）赶快，匆匆完成 keep up with 跟上，不落后 line up 排队，使排成一行 live up to 无愧于；做到；符合 look up 向上看；（在字典中）查出 make up 组成，构成；编造，虚伪；化妆 make up one’s mind 下定决心，打定主意 mix up 搅和；混淆 pick up 捡起；（车等）中途搭人；学会 put up 举起；建造；张贴 put up with 忍受，容忍（讨厌的人） ring up 打电话 set up 创立，建立，为……作好准备；暑期，建造 show up 来到，露面
英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料 (专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解、翻译)
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
河南省专升本公共英语单选测试题
语法词汇综合练习 语法部分 1.Tell Mary that there's someone _______for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 2.There is a big dog _______to a fence outside the house. A. tying B. tied C. to tie D .ties 3.The_______waiter came up to us and said, "Y ou are welcome." A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4. _______the early train, you'll have to get up early and rush in a taxi. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 5.There, in the corner, sat three girls, _______. A. sew B. were sewing C. to sew D. sewing 6.Whether it will do us harm remains_______. A. seen B. seeing C. being seen D. to be seen 7.Whom would you rather have _______with you, him or me? A. to be gone B. gone C. going D. go 8.The power station keeps the villages ______ with electricity. A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D. having supplied 9.The path in the park looked beautiful, _______ with _______ leaves. A. covered; falling B. covered; fallen C. covering; falling D. covering, fallen 10.I won't go to the party even if_______. A. inviting B. being invited C. invited D. having invited 11.All work is pleasant_ ______when the habit of working is formed. A. done B. doing C. to do D. to be done 12.The man _______in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. wore 13.People are talking about the new play _______in two weeks. A. to be put on B. to put on C. being put on D. put on 14.The man _______in the chair asked me to _______. A. seated; seated B. sitting; sitting C. seating; seat D. seated; be seated 15.I happened _______with him when he was hit by a stone. A.I was talking B. talking C. to talk D. to be talking 16.We are not sure which restaurant _______tonight. A. eating at B. for eating C. to eat at D. we eat 17.The way Della thought of _______enough money was to sell her beautiful hair. A. got B. to be got C. to get D. get
2014年河南专升本遗传学试卷二
2013年河南省普通高等学校 选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试预测试卷 遗传学预测试卷（二） 一、选择题：（每小题2分，共40分） 1、AaBb的个体，减数分裂后，产生的配子组合是（） A、Aa AA aa Bb BB bb B、 A a B b C、AB Ab aB ab D、Aa Ab aB Bb 2、己知黑尿症是常染色体单基因隐性遗传，两个都是黑尿症基因携带者男女结婚，预测他们 的孩子患黑尿症的概率是（） A、1.00 B、0.75 C、0.50 D、0.25 3、小鼠中，黑色由常染色体隐性基因决定。两个正常毛色的小鼠交配，产生了一个黑色雄鼠，该黑色雄鼠与一个正常毛色雌鼠再进行兄妹间交配，那么所产生的第一个小鼠是黑色的概率是（假设没有发生突变）（） A、0 B、1/4 C、1/3 D、1/2 4、在AAbbCC aaBBcc的杂交后，F2代的纯合隐性个体的比率是（） A、0 B、1/8 C、1/3 D、1/64 5、玉米的染色体数为20条（10对），则胚囊和花粉管的管核的染色体数分别是（） A、20，10 B、20，20 C、80，10 D、10，10 6、在家狗中，基因型A_B_为黑色，aaB_为赤褐色，A_bb为红色，aabb为柠檬色。一只黑狗 和一只柠檬色狗交配生下一只柠檬色小狗。如果这只黑狗与另一只基因型相同的狗交配，那 么予期子代中，黑色：红色：赤褐色：柠檬色的比例为（） A、9 ：7 B、9 ：3 ：3 ：1 C、12 ：3 ：1 D、9 ：6 ：1 7、果蝇中，朱砂眼属于X连锁隐性遗传，若朱砂眼雌蝇与正常雄蝇杂交，下列叙述哪句话正确（） A、F1代中所有雌蝇都为朱砂眼，但F2代中没有一个是朱砂眼 B、由于朱砂眼是隐性性状，F1代都表现正常 C、在F2代的两种性别中，各有一半朱砂眼，一半正常眼 D、F2代朱砂眼：正常眼=1：3 8、在女人的正常体细胞中，已观察到染色体很深的巴氏小体，一般说，这种高度浓缩的X染色体代表着（） A、常染色质 B、结构异染色质 C、灯刷染色质 D、功能异染色质
河南专升本英语单项选择
2018年河南专升本英语单项选择模块专项提高 河南专升本英语单项选择 1. In the past few years, China ______ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made B. had made C. was making D. is making 2. When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she ______two days before. A. has left B. was leaving C. leave D.had left 3. Mary _____ in the garden when it began to rain. A. was walking B.walked C.walking D.had walked 4. I haven’t heard from Maria_____. A. since a long time B. for many months ago C. for many months D. since many months before 5. The flowers need _____ once a week. A. watering B. watered C. had watered D. have been watered 6. When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 7. Our teacher told us that the earth _____ from west to east. A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned 8. The teacher doesn’t allow his students _____ on the exam. A. cheated B cheating C cheat D to cheat 9. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars ha d left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 10. It is no good ______ today’s work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 11. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 12. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president. A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．was preparing 13. The manager promised to keep me _____ of how the project was going on. A. be informed B. informed C. inform D. informing 14. The weather _______fine, they decided to go out for a picnic. A. is B. was C. being D. having been 15. I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon． A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling 16. The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century． A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written 17. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation． A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating 18. _____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
河南省专升本考试英语试卷及答案
2007年河南省普通高等学校 选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试 公共英语试卷 题号ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥ总分核分人 分数 Part Ⅰ Word Formation (10 points) 得分评卷人 Directions:There are 10 incomplete statements i n this part. Y ou should fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, and write the right answer in the brackets“ 【】”． 【】1.All the men were under heavy ____ working day and night (press). 【】2.The young industrial engineer d id everything in a ____ way (leisure) 【】3.These activities help to greatly ____ the ties among the club members (strong). 【】4.She repeated his name ____, too shocked to say more (help). 【】5.Many foreign words and phrases h ave the English language (rich). 【】6.Nowadays, we are in a very business environment (competition). 【】7.As a college student, you should aim for an ____ of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization (expand). 【】8.In our ____, the laboring people are masters of country (social). 【】9.She is always ____ to help others (will). 【】10.His stories written in her later years were not interesting because of his ____ of imagination (poor). 得分评卷人 .
专升本英语语法
语法 第一节词性 一．名词 1. 名词作形容词使用 名词可以修饰名外一个名词，起定语的作用，或于另一名词构成合成词。这时作定语用的名词一般用作单数名词。 They live in a country house. 他们住在乡下的房子里。 He often visits a night club. 他经常去夜总会。 2. 名词的所有格 1) 表示人或动物以及拟人化事物的名词在词位加’构成所有格，例如：the gentleman’ car , the dog’ food. 这种所有格也可以用于表示时间、重量、距离等的名词，如：yesterday’s news; three hour’s journey. 2) 如果修饰语有如下情况，应该在前面加of构成其所有格。 (1)表示无生命事物：the window of the house; the color of the car (2)集体名词：the capital of the firm, a member of this society (3)the+形容词：the misfortune of the young, the mystery of this coc iety (4)当a, an, this, these, that, any, some, no等词和所有格名词修饰同一名词时，需要同时用以上两种形式，称为双重所有格：I don’t use Tom’s car because I don’t quite appreciate that car of this. (5)有些时候两个名词所有格并列使用，他们后面的名词若分别属于两者所有，须在两个名词所有格后面分别加’s；若属于两个名词所共有，则在第二个名词后面加’s：Martin and Alice’s car broke down again, but luckly they knew how to fix it. (car为单数，说明这辆车市他们两个人所有。) (6)用连字符号连接的两个或者两个以上的词作定语时，其中的名词不能用复数：100-metre race（百米跑） 3) 名词的数 绝大多数棵树名词的复数形式为名词加-s或者-es, 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词要先变y为i，再加es.
河南专升本考试公共英语历年真题精练
河南专升本考试公共英语历年真题精练（1） 单选 1. The police are _____ for the thief in the region now. A. running B. reaching C. searching D. charging 2. What is the reason for _____ on time? A. not your coming B. you not come C. your not coming D. you not to come 3. The college is planning to offer more English courses to _____ the needs of beginners of English. A. meet with B. meet C. supply D. satisfy with 4. He kept silent, so I couldn’t know _____ he agreed _____ not. A. if; or B. whether; or C. either; or D. neither; nor 5. He had never given a speech to so many people, so he felt _____. A.exciting B. stupid C. disappointed D. Nervous 6. Once you arrive in a new place, you’d better _____the local custom. A. keep B. make C. follow D. Return 7. The manner _____ which he talked reminded us _____ his grandfather. A. on; towards B. at; in C. for; by D. in; of 8. All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that _____ Wenchuan four years ago. A. interrupted B. struck C. knocked D. exploded 9. —Our holiday cost a lot of money. —Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter _____ you enjoyed your selves. A. unless B. as far as C. as long as D. until 10. I didn’t hear _____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. A. what did he say B. what he said C. what was he saying D. what for him to say 11. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes. A. a; tear B. a picece; tears C. a; tears D. a piece of; tear 12. _____ you decide to do, you should try to make it a success. A. If only B. Unless C. Wherever D. Whatever
河南专升本英语复习笔记
从2001至今，河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习（普通专升本）考试只考两门课程，一是公共英语课程，二是专业基础课程；公共英语课程是所有非英语专业的必考课程。满分150分，可见公共英语在专升本考试中的重要性。为了帮应试学生更好地整体把握考试，给出历年真题的题型及分值统计分析表。 2003-2010专升本公共英语真题题型及分值表 从该表看出，自2006年开始，词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、作文都是每年必考的固定题型，并且分值不变。翻译也是每年必考的题型，从2003-2009年每年20分（英译汉10分，汉译英10分），但2010年翻译部分增加了10分的英汉对话翻译。词性转换自2005-2009年每年10分，但2010年取消该题型。每年固定不变的题型有词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、作文；可变化的题型有词性转换、补全对话、辨识错误和英汉对话翻译，预测这几种题型会任选一个，分值10分。 2003-2010年专升本公共英语词汇与语法测试试题分值表 从表中看出，直接考察语法和词汇知识分值有70分，占了总分值的近1/2。从2006年开始，在40分的语法词汇部分，语法占的比重大，如2006年，语法：词汇是38:2；2007年，语法：词汇是30:10；2008年，语法：词汇是22:18；2009年，语法：词汇是19:21； 2010年，语法：词汇是30:10。而阅读、翻译及写作部分，依然是考核语法词汇基本知识的，
所以学好语法词汇是考好专升本英语的关键。 考什么？学什么？ 河南省教育厅学生处“专升本”考试的要求指出：“英语考试要求为大学英语考试三至四级水平”。短短的几句话，包含了英语考试的全部内容，但我们考生很多时候却并不明白：到底要考什么？ Example 1:P52,03,36 Lynda and hundreds of young people like him____ the post of typist. 第A approach（方法，靠近，走近）B applied for C appealed to（吸引，恳求，上诉）D approved of (赞成) 题干研究： 1 考查词汇：Q1: like; post; typist.熟词生意。 Post no bills.禁止张贴。Post position of paid employment.职位。 2 考查语法：Q2: Lynda and hundreds of young people like him 并列平行结构。并列连词所连接的并列成分应当在结构和功能上保持一致，这就是并列平行结构，该语法知识点时常考到。 历年真题再现：直接考的有词汇结构题中的04，P98,24; 间接考的有：05，P85，阅读中4中句子A growing number of unemployed Americans waste time browsing the estimated 4,000 to 5,000 online job sites, filling them with resum es and then waiting for replies. 在这样一个句子中，并列平行结构这一语法知识对于句子的正确理解起到了绝对重要的作用。 选项研究： A approach（方法，靠近，走近） B applied for C appealed to（吸引，恳求，上诉） D approved of (赞成) 选项考查到：1 形近词；2 词义及语境，在此语境下只能选用某一选项。另外appeal t o 在同一份试卷的第49页阅读3中出现。 综合本题，其主要考查词汇的，考查形近词在特定语境下的区别。但间接的考到了上述的其他知识。如果不能正确理解上述相关知识，不可能理解本句的意义，也就不可能正确地根据句义选出正确的答案。同时，需要提醒的是，在本题中间接考到的相关知识点在另外的题目中就可能直接考到，真题已经说明了这一点。因此，教师要做到举一反三，同学也要做
专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)
一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive
2018年耶鲁专升本考前写作翻译专项练习(英语)
Part IV Writing (1x20) 预测一 Directions: For this part, you’re required to write a composition on the topic “How to Treat the Generation Gap between Parents and children”. You should -write at least 120 -words, and your composition should be based on the outline given in Chinese below and write your composition on the Answer Sheet. 1.越来越多的人关注父母和孩子之间的代沟问题。 2.如何消除代沟，并改善父母与孩子之间的关系。 3.“我”的看法 预测二 Directions: For this part, you 're required to write a composition about Shared Bikes with at least 120 words. 1.表明对共享单车的态度； 2.阐述原因。 预测三 Directions: For this part, you 're required to write a composition on the topic “Effects of TV Programs，’. You should write at least 120 words, and your composition should be based on the outline given in Chinese below and write your composition on the Answer Sheet 1.有的电视节目给社会带来正能量。 2.有的电视节目却会引起负面影响。 3.谈谈你的看法。 预测四 Directions: For this part, you 're required to write a composition on the topic “Facing pressure in life “. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline( given in Chinese )below: 1快节奏的生活压力无处不在 2如何处理这些压力
2018河南专升本英语单选练习
2018河南专升本英语单选练习 1. Julie spent one month _________ her term paper on Chinese poems. A. to write B. and wrote C. written D. writing 2. I was so________the night before my examination that I could not sleep. A. worrying B. tired C. happy D. nervous 3. Whether you learn or not is entirely ________ you. A. up to B. as to C. about to D. due to 4. I finally________ to study much harder in the future. A. prepared B. made up my mind C. worked out D. made out 5. The old couple decided to________ a boy though they had three of their own. A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt 6. The teacher insisted that we________ our homework before 9:00 o’clock A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing 7. The little girl showed the policeman the corner ________she was knocked off her bike. A. and B. which C. that D. where 8. The garden requires________. A. watering B. being watered C. to water D. having watered 9. Is this the house________ Shakespeare was born? A. which B. in that C. in which D. at which