大学英国文学知识提纲及试题

pagan poem)

King Alfred —“英国散文之父father of English prose ”，作品：Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

●

Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance 人文主义是文艺复兴时期的核心。(相信人有能力使自身完美，并强调个人价值的重要性、赞颂当前生活的美好。) ●

诗歌poetry ，诗歌式戏剧poetic drama ，散文prose (essay) 是主要的文学形式。 ●

戏剧drama 是英国文艺复兴最大的成就。伊丽莎白时期（16世纪—17世纪初）是英国戏剧的高峰golden age 。 ● 英国文化复兴的3个时期： The beginning period (1516—1578)

The flowering period (1578—1625) ——伊丽莎白时期 “a nest of singing birds ”【莎士比亚】

The epilogue period (1625—1660)

世纪前半叶最有趣的诗人，第一个把sonnet 引进英国文学。

英国文学史上第一个创作无韵诗blank verse 的诗人。

“诗人中的诗人the poet ’s poet ”，“诗圣”，“桂冠诗人poet laureate ”，伊丽莎白时期最伟大的非戏剧诗人。

开创“斯宾塞诗体Spenserian stanza ”，作品：the Faerie Queene

初始阶段伟大的人文主义者，著作：Utopia

【of studies 】【of truth 】58篇散文，英国散文史上的一座里程碑。)

英国剧作家和小说家，作品：Euphues (euphuism 夸饰文体)

人性对知识和幸福的渴求)【Marlowe 最好

”

28首献给黑女士，描写爱情】

Twelfth Night ； Much Ado About Nothing

钦定版圣经King James Bible （1611年）—英语及英国文学的一个里程碑monument 。

●17世纪前期：资产阶级革命时期period of Revolution（弥尔顿时代age of Milton）

作家。首位将无韵诗体blank verse用于非戏剧文学作品的诗人。

【除Beowulf之外唯一一部英国史诗】(12卷，无韵诗，取材《旧约全书the Old Testament》，对上帝权威的反抗)

续集sequel，取材《the New Testament》，基督如何战胜撒旦)

以希腊悲剧为模板，以诗歌形式写成的戏剧verse drama，取材《旧约全书the Old Testament》)

英国文学史上首位小说家，散文家，写作采用寓言，作品：The Pilgrim’s Progress (宗教寓言religious allegory)

Metaphysical school of poetry最有名的诗集)

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning（代表作）

玄学派的圣人，作品：The Altar

●17世纪后期：王政复辟时期period of Restoration（德莱顿时代age of Dryden）

John Dryden—

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●18世纪被认为是英国启蒙运动时期the age of Enlightenment或理性时期the age of Reason。

●）

rationalism带入英国。

didactic poem）

voluminous作家。

●18世纪是英国小说的高峰期。诞生了3位杰出的现实主义小说家：Daniel Defoe，Jonathan Swift，Henry Fielding

17世纪资产阶级）

18世纪讽刺小说家satirist satirical work，讽刺英国的宗教及政治制度以及人性的阴暗面）

“英国小说之父”，小说家（34部小说）18世纪英国生活现实）

political satire）

●戏剧

世纪英国最伟大的戏剧家

●

19世纪浪漫主义的先驱。

】【The Lamb】写给儿童的诗歌，描绘美好世界）

】【London】贫困和苦难）

●感伤主义Sentimentalism（前浪漫主义）—18世纪后期欧洲资产阶级启蒙运动中出现的文学思潮。

Laurence Sterne—感伤主义的开端)

Samuel Richardson—

Oliver Goldsmith—感伤主义代表，诗人，小说家，作品：The Traveller（英雄双韵体heroic couplet；根据在欧洲的亲身所见而写）

The Deserted Village（Goldsmith最好的诗，wealth accumulates and men decay）

The Vicar of Wakefield（代表作）

Thomas Gray—墓园派诗人the Graveyard School，作品：Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

Hymn to Adversity

Ode on the Spring

==============================================================================================================================

begin: Lyrical Ballads (1798) =====end: the death of Walter Scott (1832)

浪漫主义时期是诗歌时期

Wordsworth和Coleridge合著。其中著名篇章有：

；Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner】）

湖畔诗人】

第二代浪漫诗人

George Gordon Byron—“拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes”，作品：抒情诗lyrical poem：She Walks in Beauty / When We Two Parted / Hebrew Melodies

长诗：Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage（斯宾塞体Spenserian stanza，拜伦式英雄第一部）

Don Juan（拜伦的巅峰之作）

Percy Bysshe Shelley—lyrical drama，共4幕，革命的胜利）

Shelley最重要的抒情诗之一，西风象征权力）

John Keats—浪漫主义诗人，“纯诗”作家，“为艺术而艺术”的梦想家，原则是“beauty is truth, truth beauty”

现实主义realism Ruskin—19世纪英国作家和艺术评论家，她的社会和经济思想深深影响 （19世纪）维多利亚时期是小说发展的黄金时代。Willam Morris，Osscar Wilde，Bernard Shaw 和D.H. Lawrence Charles Dickens—

成名小说，19世纪伦敦生活)

（乐观）

Where there is oppression, there is revolution）

）

（黑暗，感伤）

Great Expectations（自传性小说，成长小说，主人公：Pip）

）

诗人：

维多利亚时期杰出的诗人和剧作家

首创戏剧独白诗dramatic monologues 作品： My Last Duchess （戏剧独白） Men and Women The Ring and the Book Home Thoughts from Abroad Meeting at Night

“人民的诗人poet of the People ”，维多利亚时期最伟大的诗人

作品：In Memoriam

Idylls of the King

Break, Break, Break Ernest Jones —最伟大的宪章派诗人Chartist poet

Ulysses

Matthew Arnold —作品：Dover Beach

Joseph Conrad — Robert Louis Stevenson —19世纪英国新浪漫主义文学Neo-romanticism 的杰出代表，作品：New Arabian Nights Treasure Island Kidnapped 爱尔兰诗人，剧作家，小说家，散文家，唯美主义Aestheticism 的代表，提倡“为艺术而艺术art for art ?s sake ” 作品：The Importance of Being Earnest （揭露了维多利亚时期英国上层阶级的虚伪） The picture of Dorian Gray Lady Windermere ?s Fan The Happy Prince and Other Tales An Ideal Husband A Woman of No Importance ===============================================================================================================================

英国文学中的现代主义时期Modernism 从19世纪90年代唯美主义Aestheticism 的出现而开始，直到20世纪中叶。

意识流Stream of consciousness

象征主义symbolism 兴起于19世纪后期，主张强调主观、个性。 现代主义作家：

小说家，诗人，19世纪末英国批判现实主义的代表。

“地域小说regional novel ”，小说主题为人类与掌控世界、操纵人类命运的神秘力量对抗。【宿命论fatalism 】

bourgeois society 的无良剥削）

世纪最杰出的现实主义小说家之一，诺贝尔文学奖(1932)

The Man of Property 】

In Chancery 】 3小说

To Let 】

The Indian Summer of a Forsyte 】

Awakening 】 2幕间interlude

The White Monkey 】

【The Silver Spoon 】

【Swan Song 】

，继莎士比亚之后有一位伟大的戏剧家，诺贝尔文学奖(1925)

modern civilization）

爱尔兰诗人和剧作家，首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的爱尔兰人(1923)，早期英国象征主义诗歌的代表人物

西方现代诗派的先驱，英语现代主义诗歌最高成就的代表，诺贝尔文学奖(1948)

英国小说家，诗人，20世纪最具影响力及最具争议的小说家之一。

Lawrence第一部具影响力的作品，自传体小说，恋母情结the Oedipus Complex）

sequel of the Rainbow）

Herbert George Wells—现代科幻小说先驱，作品：The Time Machine

William Somerset Maugham—

George Orwell—英国小说家，作品：Animal Farm

诺贝尔文学奖

Doris Lessing—诺贝尔文学奖(2007)，作品：The Golden Notebook

John Osborne—“愤怒的青年Angry Young Men”中优秀的剧作家，作品：Look Back in Anger

Samuel Beckett—诺贝尔文学奖(1969)，荒诞派戏剧absurd drama的先驱，作品：Waiting for Godot

I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (30%; 1.5 points for each)

1. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ___C _.

A. Romanticism

B. Renaissance

C. medieval period

D. Anglo-Saxon period

2. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of___D

A. Piers Plowman

B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

C. Confessio Amantis

D. The Canterbury Tales

3. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is____D___.

A. science

B. philosophy

C. arts

D. humanism

4. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”is the line of one of Shakespeare’s（）

A. comedies

B. tragedies

C. histories

D. sonnets

5. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare?s Sonnet 18? C

A. The speaker eulogizes (praise) the power of

B. The speaker satirizes human vanity

C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation

D. The speaker meditates on man?s salvation

6. “The Fairy Queen” is the masterpiece written by__C__.

A. John Milton

B. Geoffrey Chaucer

C. Edmund Spenser

D. Alexander Pope

7. Which of the following work did Bacon NOT write? D

A. Advancement of Learning

B. Novum Organum

C. De Augmentis

D. Areopagitica

8. The most distinguished literary figure of the 17th century was（B）who was a critic, poet, and playwright.

A. Oliver Goldsmith

B. John Dryden

C. John Milton

D. S.T. Coleridge

9. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne?s poetry? B

A. reason and sentiment

B. conceits and wits

C. the euphuism

D. writing in the rhymed couplet

10. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “___B___”, for his contribution to the establishment of the

form of the modern novel.

A. Best writer of the English novel

B. The father of English novel

C. The most gifted writer of the English novel

D. conventional writer of English novel

11. John Milton?s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of __ B _.

A. rhymed stanzas

B. blank verse

C. alliteration

D. sonnets

12. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swi ft in Gulliver?s Travels are ____A_.

A. horses that are endowed with reason

B. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualities

C. giants that are superior in wisdom

D. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways

13. Gothic novels are mostly stories of___C_____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.

A. love and marriage

B. sea adventures

C. mystery and horror

D. saints and martyrs

14. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT __D_.

A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common people

B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings

C. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matter

D. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech

15. Charles Dickens? works are characterized by a mingling of ___A____ and pathos.

A. humor

B. satire

C. passion

D. metaphor

16. In __B____ ?s hands, “dramatic monologue” reaches its maturity and perfection.

A. Alfred Tennyson

B. Robert Browning

C. William Shakespeare

D. George Eliot

17. The three trilogies of（）’s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.

A. John Galsworthy

B. Arnold Bennett

C. James Joyce

D. H. G. Wells

18. The bard of imperialism was（B）, who glorified the colonial expansion of Great Britain in his works.

A. R. L. Stevenson

B. Rudyard Kipling

C. H. G. Wells

D. Daniel Defoe

19. “art for art?s sake” was put forth by ___A___.

A. aestheticism

B. naturalism

C. realism

D. neo-romanticism

20. Which of the following is taken from John Keats? “Ode on a Grecian Urn”? D

A. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!”

B. “They are both gone up to the church to pray.”

C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.”

D. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.”

II. Fill in the blanks with correct information. (16%; 1 points for each blank)

1. In 1066, the Normans headed by Duke William, defeated the Anglo-Saxons. This marked the beginning of feudalism in England and England entered into feudal society.

2. Chaucer?s The Canterbury Tales is written in the style of rhymed (metrical) stanza instead of alliteration in the Anglo-Saxon period.

3. The Pilgrims Progress is the masterpiece of John Bunyan (the writer), written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of dream and allegory, in which the main character is Christian .

4. Dorian Gray was the main character in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray written by (Oscar) Wilde .

5. Romanticism extended from 1798 when The Lyrical Ballads was published and in 1832 when (Walter) Scott died.

6. The writer who figured his hometown—the Wessex country in his works is _(Thomas) Hardy.

7. In “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, hills, vales, lakes, bays and the daffodils are parts of , and “daffodils” symbolize (the beauty of) .

8. “Dubliners” is a collection of short stories written by James Joyce in the writing style of stream of consciousness.

9. In the “The Idylls of the King”, the poet Alfred Tennyson painted the f irst English hero, King Arthur , and gave a new meaning to the legends about the knights of the Round Table.

III. Answer the following questions briefly based on your understanding of the texts studied. (12%; 1 point for each question)

1. Dull sublunary lo ver?s love

?(Whose soul is sense) cannot admit

Absence, because it doth remove

Those things which elemented it.

a. Who was the writer? John Donne

b. What is the name/ title of the poem?

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

c. What does it mean by “Dull sublunary lover?s love”? (Explain it.)

secular love/ ordinary (lover?s) love

d. What does “soul” mean? essence

e. What does “sense” here mean?

sense organs/ hands, eyes, lips, etc

f. What does “it” mean in “because it doth remove”? absence

g. What does “Those things” mean?

sense organs/ hands, eyes, lips, etc

h. What does “it” refer to in “Those things which elemented it”?

dull sublunary lover?s love

2. Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; (1)

Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear! (2)

a. What is the title of the poem? Ode to the West Wind

b. In line (1), why is the west wind called “Wild Spirit”?

Because it is the “breath of Autumn?s being” (it has the soul, breath, and inspiration) which (on earth, sky, and sea) destroys in autumn to revives in the spring.

c. In line (2), why is it called “Destroyer”?

Because the West Wind destroys the dead leaves/ the old things (or the poet?s old thoughts and the old world) d. In line (2), what does “Preserver” mean?

Because the West Wind preserves seeds (and revives in spring)/ spreads new things (or preserve the new and give the poet/world a new birth.)

IV. Give your answers to the following items logically and concisely. You have to mention the writer (and the title of the work) first if necessary. (24%)

1. In your opinion, why does Satan in Paradise Lost choose the Garden of Eden for his battlefield? (7 points) Answer: 1) Paradise Lost was written by John Milton. (1points)

2) The Garden of Eden is the most perfect of spot ever created by God ; (2 points)

3) There live in innocent bliss God?s masterpiece, the first man and woman, Adam and Eve, who are allowed by God to enjoy /revel in the supreme beauties of Paradise, provided they do not eat the fruit that grows on the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; (3 point)

4) Satan desires to tear them away from the influence of God and to make them instrumental in his struggle against God?s authority. (1 point)

2. What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp? (7 points)

Answer:

1) Rebecca Sharp is the main character in Vanity Fair written by William Makepeace Thackeray. (1 point)

2) She is the perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair (as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by any means: through lies, mean actions and unscrupulous speculating with every sacred ideal) (3 points)

3) She is shrewd and unscrupulous, supplicated beyond her years; determined to worm her way into society at all cost; she is full-blooded and many-sided. (3 points)

3. Based on your understanding of “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey”, “She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways”, and “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, discuss “What are the functions of for the poet expressed in the poems?” (10 points)

Answer:

(1) The poems were written by William Wordsworth (in which he described the functions and benefits that has/brings). (1 point)

(2) (open-end question: 只要回答中包含以下相关内容或三首诗中的例子，陈述比较清楚，即可得分；表述不清者在原给分基础上可酌情扣1至2分) (9 points) 如：could make him love more, make his thoughts purer and loftier and mind and soul more comfort. (For example, in “Lines”, he said because of and by recalling , he could have the sweet sensation and pleasures in lonely rooms and amid the din of towns and cities, could make him have the actions of kindness and love, give him the blessed and sublime mood, lighten the burden of the heavy and weary world, see into the life of things, make him look on with thoughts, hear the still and sad music of humanity. could be the anchor of his purest thought, the nurse, guide, guardian of his heart and soul and life and food for his future years.（5分）In “I wondered lonely as a cloud”, the daffodils () in vacant or pensive mood flash upon his inward eye and fill his heart with pleasure and dance with the daffodils.（2分）In “She dwelt among the untrodden ways”, could make him look on more carefully and with a special mind.（2分）

V. Write a summery of Pride and Prejudice and make a short comment on the theme. Your marks depends on the elements of the writer (1 point), the main characters and their relations (2 points), the main plot and result (8 points), comment on the theme (4 points), and grammar and structure (3 points). (18%)

Answer:1) the writer (1分)；(Pride and Prejudice was written by Jane Austen, in the romantic period)2) the main characters and their relations (2分)；? (Mr. and Mrs. Bennet; The Bennet’s 5 daughters: the beautiful Jane, the clever Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty and the wild Lydia. Elizabeth—Mr. Darcy;(Jane—Mr. Bingley; Lydia—Mr. Wickham))? 3) the main plot（7分；主要情节表述不全或不连贯者酌情扣分）and result (1分)；(Unfortunately for the Bennets, if Mr. Bennet dies their house will be inherited by a distant cousin whom they have never met, so the family's future happiness and security is dependant on the daughters making good marriages. Life is uneventful until the arrival in the neighborhood of the rich gentleman Mr. Bingley, who rents a large house so he can spend the summer in the country. Mr. Bingley brings with him his sister and the dashing (and richer) but proud Mr. Darcy. Love is soon in the air for one of the Bennet sisters, while another may have jumped to a hasty prejudgment. For the Bennet sisters many trials and tribulations stand between them and their happiness, including class, gossip and scandal.)4) comment on the theme (4分) ?(Theme: exploration of the marriage, property and intrigue between the main and minor characters; delicate probing of the values of gentry/ marriage, class, money) 5) grammar and structure (3分).

I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bet complete the statement.

1. The long poem _C_ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England?s national epic.P67

A. The Canterbury Tales

B. Paradise Lost

C. The Song of Beowulf

D. The Fairy Queen

2. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ____C__.

A. Romanticism

B. Renaissance

C. medieval period

D. Anglo-Saxon period

4. __A_____ is regarded as the father of English poetry.

A. Geoffrey Chaucer

B. Edmund Spenser

C. John Milton

D. W. Wordsworth

5. It is ____A____ alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.

A. Geoffrey Chaucer

B. Martin Luther

C. William Shakespeare

D. John Gower

6. One of Chaucer?s main contributions to English poetry is _A_____.

A. he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France to English poetry

B. he created striking brilliant panorama of his time and his country

C. he wrote in blank verse

D. he was the first to write sonnet

7. During the Renaissance, __C_____ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry.

A. Chaucer

B. John Donne

C. Thomas Wyatt

D. Earl of Surrey

8. During the Renaissance, _D______ wrote the first English blank verse.

A. Chaucer

B. Edmund Spencer

C. Thomas Wyatt

D. Earl of Surrey

9. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement? C

A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture

B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology

C. The Glorious revolution

D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion

10. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. Which one of the following is NOT such an event? B

A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.

B. England?s domestic rest

C. New discovery in geography and astrology.

D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.

11. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ___A___ and ______ centuries.

A. 14th...mid-17th

B. 14th...mid-18th

C. 16th...mid-18th

D. 16th...mid-17th

13. ___B____ frequently applied conceits in his poems. P282

A. Edmund Spenser

B. John Donne

C. William Blake

D. Thomas Gray

14. ___C____ is known as “the poet?s poet”.

A. William Shakespeare

B. Christopher Marlowe

C. Edmund Spenser

D. John Donne

15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of__B__ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a

popular literary form in the medieval period.

A. Christian

B. knightly

C. pilgrims

D. primitive

16. ____B____ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism.

A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe

B. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe

C. John Donne, Edmund Spenser

D. John Milton, Thomas More

17. Among the following plays which is not written by Christopher Marlowe? D

A. Dr. Faustus

B. The Jew of Malta

C. Tamburlaine

D. The School for Scandal

18. Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are __A__.

A. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth

B. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Romeo and Juliet

C. Hamlet, Coriolanus, King Lear and Macbeth

D. Hamlet, Julius caesar, Othello and Macbeth

19★. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”is the line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.

A. comedies

B. Tragedies

C. histories

D. sonnets

20. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, /So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to? D

A. Lover

B. Time

C. Summer

D. Poetry

21. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare?s Sonnet 18? C

A. The speaker eulogizes the power of

B. The speaker satirizes human vanity

C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation

D. The speaker meditates on man?s salvation

22.★“Bassani Antonio，I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself；But life itself，my wife，and all the world，Are not with me esteem’d above thy life；I would lose all，ay，sacrifice them all，Here to the devil，to deliver you. Portia：Your wife would give you little thanks for that，ff she were by to hear you make the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate A/D

A. dramatic irony

B. personification

C. allegory

D. symbolism

23. “The Fairy Queen” is the masterpiece written by__C__.

A. John Milton

B. Geoffrey Chaucer

C. Edmund Spenser

D. Alexander Pope

24. Which of the following work did Bacon NOT write? D

A. Advancement of Learning

B. Novum Organum

C. De Augmentis

D. Areopagitica

25. The greatest of pioneers of English drama in Renaissance is ___B____, one of whose drama is “Doctor Faustus”.

A. William Shakespeare

B. Christopher Marlowe

C. Oscar Wilde

D. R. Brinsley Sheridan

26. “Euphues” was written by _B_____, the style of the novel was called “Euphuism”.

A. John Bunyan

B. John Lyly

C. John Donne

D. John Milton

27. The most famous dramatist in the 18th century is ____C__, who is famous for “The School for Scandal”.

A. Oliver Goldsmith

B. Thomas Gray

C. R. Brinsley Sheridan

D. G.eorge Bernard Shaw

28. The most distinguished literary figure of the 17th century was(B ), who was a critic, poet, and playwright.

A. Oliver Goldsmith

B. John Dryden

C. John Milton

D. T. G. Coleridge

29. The representative of the “Metaphysical” poetry is __A____, whose poems are famous for his use of fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.

A. John Donne

B. John Milton

C. William Blake

D. Robert Burns

30. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne?s poetry? B(P)

A. reason and sentiment

B. conceits and wits

C. the euphuism

D. writing in the rhymed couplet

31. ___(P152). A__ is the successful religious allegory(讽喻，寓言) in the English language.

A. The Pilgrim?s Progress

B. The Canterbury Tales

C. Paradise Lost

D. Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded

32. The 18th century England is known as the __C____ in the history.

A. Renaissance

B. Classicism

C. Enlightenment

D. Romanticism

33. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, who was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specially a “comic滑稽的epic史诗in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style?

A. Thomas Gray

B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

C. Johathan Swift

D. Henry Fielding

34. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “B”, for his to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.

A. Best writer of the English novel

B. The father of English novel

C. The most gifted writer of the English novel

D. Conventional writer of English novel

35. Among the pioneers先驱of the 18th century novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and ___A___.

A. Laurence Sterne (P169)

B. John Dryden

C. Charles Dickens

D. Alexander Pope

36. John Milton?s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of _B____.

A. rhymed stanzas押韵节

B. blank verse无韵诗

C. alliteration头韵法

D. sonnets十四行诗

37. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out____, both in theory and practice，to write specifically a “____B_____ in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. (Refer to 19)

A. tragic epic

B. comic epic

C. romance

D. lyric epic

38. Besides Sheridan, another great playwright in the 18th century is ___A___.

A. Oliver Goldsmith 喜剧she stoops to conquer

B. Thomas Gray 诗人

C. T. G. Smollet 小说家

D. Laurence

Sterne 小说家

39. She Stoops to Conquer was written by __A___.

A. Oliver Goldsmith

B. R. Brinsley Sheridan

C. John Dryden

D. George Bernard Shaw

40. The middle of the 18th century was predominated by a newly rising literary form, that is the modern English ___B___, which gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.

A. prose

B. short story

C. novel

D. tragicomedy

41. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver?s Travels are __A___.

A. horses that are endowed with reason

B. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualities

C. giants that are superior in wisdom

D. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways

42. The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence on a lonely island reflects ____D______.

A. man?s desire to return to

B. the author?s criticism of the colonization

C. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisie中产阶级

D. the aristocrats? disillusionm ent of the harsh social reality

43. Gothic novels are mostly stories of__C___, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.

A. love and marriage

B. sea adventures

C. mystery and horror

D. saints and martyrs

44. “The father of English novel” is ___A_______.

A. Henry Fielding

B. Daniel Defoe

C. Jonathan Swift

D. John Donne

45. The greatest Scottish poet in the pre-romanticism is ____D____.

A. William Wordswoth

B. Oliver Goldsmith

C. Thomas Gray

D. Robert Burns

46. ___A___ is written by William Blake, a great poet in the pre-romanticism.

A. The Songs of Innocence

B. Reliques of Ancient English poetry

C. Songs and Sonnets

D. Kubla Khan

47. The Rights of Man, a pamphlet, was written by __D____, in which he advocated that politics was the business of the whole mass of common people and not only of a government oligarchy.

A. John Milton

B. Jonathan Swift

C. Robert Burns

D. Thomas Paine

48. William Wordsworth，a romantic poet，advocated all the following EXCEPT (D).

A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common people

B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings

C. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matter

D. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech

49. Which of the following is taken from John Keats? “Ode on a Grecian Urn”? D

A. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!”

B. “They are both gone up to the church to pray.”

C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.”

D. “Beauty is truth，truth beauty.”

50. “If Winter comes，can Spring be far behind.”is an epigrammatic line by D

A. John Keats

B. William Blake

C. William Wordsworth

D. P. B. Shelley

51★. “Ode on a Grecian Urn”shows the contrast between the___B___ of art and the____ of human passion.

A. Glory, ugliness

B. permanence, transience

C. transience, sordidness

D. glory, permanence

52. One of the great essay writers of the early 19th century is B

A. Jane Austen

B. Charles Lamb

C. Walter Scott

D. George Eliot

53. Tales form Shakespeare was written by ___D__.

A. Charles Lamb

B. William Hazlitt

C. Charles Lamb and Mary Lamb

D. Wordsworth and Coleridge

54. Charles Dickens? works are characterized by a mingling of ____A___ and pathos.

A. humor

B. satire

C. passion

D. metaphor

55★. In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for more”. What did Oliver ask for more?

A. More time to play

B. More food to eat

C. More books to read

D. More money to spend

56. In ___B___ ?s hands, “dramatic monologue” reaches its maturity and perfection.

A. Alfred Tennyson

B. Robert Browning

C. William Shakespeare

D. George Eliot

57. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first __D____ heroine.

A. explorer

B. peasant

C. worker

D. governess 家庭女教师

58. The three trilogies of __A___ ?s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.

A. John Galswortry

B. Arnold Bennett

C. James Joyce

D. H. G. Wells

59. The Victorian Age was largely an age of___C___ eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.

A. poetry

B. drama

C. novel

D. prose

60★. The title of Alfred Tennyson’s poem “Ulysses”reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT___C/D______.

A. the Trojan War

B. Homer?s Odyssey

C. adventures over the sea

D. religious quest

61. The work __B___ written by Alfred Tennyson was about the question of higher education of women.

A. Crossing the Bar

B. The Princess

C. Break, Break, Break

D. Ulysses

62. The bard of imperialism政治和贸易优势was _B___, who glorified the colonial expansion of Great Britain in his works.

A. R. L. Stevenson

B. Rudyard Kipling

C. H. G. Wells

D. Daniel Defoe

63. The Dynasts was a gigantic epic史诗的drama written by ___B__.

A. George Bernard Shaw

B. Thomas Hardy

C. Oscar Wilde

D. John Galsworthy

64. The major concern of___A/B____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human .

A. D. H. Lawrence?s

B. J. Galsworthy?s

C. W. Thackeray?s

D. T.Hardy?s

65. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of___A____, who never pays any attention to human feelings.

A. property

B. justice

C. morality

D. humor

66. ____D__is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare，and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.

A. Richard Sheridan

B. Oliver Goldsmith

C. Oscar Wilde

D. George Bernard Shaw

67. “art for art?s sake” was put forth by _A_____.

A. aestheticism

B. naturalism

C. realism

D. neo-romanticism

68. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT___B_____.

A. Dubliners

B. Jude the Obscure

C. A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

D. Ulysses

II. Choose one or more correct answers to complete the statement.

69. __BC_______ belonged to the stream of consciousness.

A.D. H. Lawrenc

B.James Joyce

C.Virginia Woolf

D.T. S. Eliot

★87. How do you understand “To be, or not to be”? Give your evidence to support your ideas.

★92. What are Chaucer’s contributions to English literature

答：(①Chaucer's language now called Middle English is vivid,smooth and exact. He is the first great poet writing in the current English.②His contribution is to lies chiefly in his introduction of various rhymed stanzas of various types. Especially he introduced rhymed stanzas from France to English, instead of the old alliterative Angle Saxon poetry.③He is the first great poet to write in the current English. His production of so much excellent poetry was an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. The spoken English of the time consist of several dialect,and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London as the foundation for modern English speech.)

93. What are Shakespeare?s contributions to English literature?

Construction:

a. Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. He borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.

b. He would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several threads running through the play.

★94. What is the theme of “Paradise Lost”?

答：(the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom)

★95. Why did Satan choose the Garden of Eden as the battlefield? (书上、样卷有答案)

★108. What does “She”(referring to Lucy) in “She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways”imply?( 暗指所有新鲜的有活力和有生命的事物)

★109. What is the theme of “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”?(①She 的特点②violet的特点③she 与violet的联想特点④诗人的态度)

What the theme of "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"?

答：(①作者都自然的赞美和喜爱②自然给人带来财富和给人以安慰的作用) 笔记上的

Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse

circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength

and knowledge fullof peace”

2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet

mind while he is in solitude.

★113. What are the functions of “West Wind”in Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind? What do they mean?同下

答：Destroyer andpreserver. The west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.

115. Why did Percy Bysshe Shelly in his “Ode to the West Wind” ask for the West Wind to “lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud”? Give your analysis.

116. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!/A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed/ One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.” The above quotation is taken from Shelley?s poem …Ode to the West wind”. What does the underlined part mean?

★117.(同115题) Why did Shelley wish to be “a dead leaf”, “a swift cloud”and asked the West wind to “lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud”?

★124. What is the character Rebecca Sharp?P195下册(样卷原题)

She is a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by any means: through lies, mean actions and unscrupulous speculating with every sacred ideal.

★125. What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp?样卷原题

126. What are the major contributions made by the 19th century critical realists? (The major contribution is their perfection of the novel. Like the realists of the 18th century, the 19th century critical realist made use of the form of novel of full and detailed representations of social and political events, and of the fate of individuals and of whole social classes. However, the realistic novels of the 19th century went a step further than those of

the 18th century in that they not only pictured the conflicts between individuals who stood for definite social strata, but also showed the broad social conflicts over and above the fate of mere individuals. Their artistic representation of vital social movements such as Chartism, and their vivid description of the dramatic conflicts of the time make the 19th century real istic novel “the epic of the bourgeois society”.)

127. What does the subtitle “A Pure Woman” of the novel Tess of the D?Urbervilles mean?

答：To show what Hardy thought of his heroine, who is seduced, abandoned, and finally driven to murder for which she is hanged. Through it all she remains his most lovable woman character, cruelly tormented by fate and innocent of any intention to sin.

128. What is Paul?s relation with three women in Sons and Lovers? Paul is tortured between his mother and his girl friends in Sons and Lovers. His mother?s all-possessive affection for her son becomes a hindrance to his independent development as a man. She op poses Paul?s love for Miriam. Miriam?s love is egocentric and intolerable. Clara? passion is stifling. The three women all want to possess Paul. He loves his mother and Clara and Miriam, his two lovers. His mother?s all-possessive affection for her son becomes a hindrance to his independent development as a man. Miriam?s love is egocentric and intolerable. Clara?s passion is stifling. 129. What is the symbolic meaning of the title in the story of Araby by Joyce?

答：The word Araby comes from Arabian which reminds the reader of the oriental land----a wonderful and dreaming world. In his story, Araby is the name of a bazaar which symbolizes the dream, the ideal and the embodiment of beauty for the boy.

130. What is the theme of “Araby”?

答：It is the frustrated quest for beauty is drabness at last. It reflects the situation in Ireland in the particular period. The society is of coldness, gloom and harshness.

IV. Explain the following terms from the aspects of social background, main characteristics, representatives, influences, etc

131. Alliterative verse:

132. Popular ballads: a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed. Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.

133. Metaphysical poetry: Metaphysical poetry is a kind of realistic, often ironic and witty, verse combining intellectual ingenuity and psychological insight written partly in reaction to the conventions of Elizabethan love poetry by such seventeenth-century poets as John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Thomas Traherne, and Andrew Marvell. One of its hallmarks is the metaphysical conceit, a particularly arresting and ingenious type of metaphor. The features of the school玄学派: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images.

134. Enlightenment: Enlightenment is an intellectual movement in Europe in 18th century. It was an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other feudal survivals. It was so called because it considered the chief means for the betterment of the society was the “enlightenment” or “education” of the people.

135. Sentimentalism: it came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality. (The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people. ) The philosophy of the enlighteners, through rational and materialistic in its essence, did not exclude sences, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Moreover, the cult of nature and , a cult of a "natural man" whose feelings display themselves in a most human and natural manner, contrary to the artful and hypocritical aristocrats.

136. Neo-classicism: It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.

137. (Critical) Realism: Realism is a mode of writing that gi ves the impression of recording or “reflecting” faithfully an actual way of life. The term refers, sometimes confusingly, both to a literary method based on detailed accuracy of description (i. e. verisimilitude) and to a more general attitude that rejects idealization, escapism, and other extravagant qualities of romance in favor of recognizing soberly the actual problems of life. 138. Gothic novel: Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, was one phase of the Romantic movement. It is futile to struggle against one's fate.The mysterious element plays an enormous role in the Gothic novel;it is so replete with bloodcurdling scenes and unatural feelings that it is justly called "a novel of horror". Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural.

139. Lake poets: refer to the first generation of romanticism including Wordsworth Coleridge and Southey. They once lived around the lake districts and traversed the similar attitude toward literature, politics and society, beginning as radicals and ending in conservatives.

140. Pre-romanticism: In the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-Romanticism in poetry, which was ushered in by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton, and represented by Blake and Burns.