(人教版)高中英语必修一：Unit 1 Friendship直接引语和间接引语及语法讲解(Ⅰ)
直接引语和间接引语
概念引入：
我们先看下面的句子：
1.John said, “I’m going to London with my father.”
约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。”
2.She said, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?”
她说：“你经常来这儿看报吗？”
3.I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”
我问他：“你今晚是待在家还是去看电影？”
4.“Why don’t you take a walk after supper?” he asked.
他问：“饭后干嘛不出去走走呢？”
从上述四个例句看出：引号内是直接引用别人的原话，这种句子为直接引语。
再看这一组句子：
1.John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。
2.She asked me if (whether) I often went there to read newspapers.
她问我是否经常去那儿看报。
3.I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
我问他那天晚上是待在家还是去看电影。
4.He advised me to take a walk after supper.
他建议我晚饭后出去走走。
从第二组的四个例句看出，都是别人的原话进行了转述，这就是间接引语。在转述中，人称、时态、代词、时间状语的表达都有所变化。
那么从直接引语变成间接引语，都有哪些部分需要变化呢？
用法讲解
课文原句回放
首先请看下面几个句子，这几个句子来自课文，分别是直接引语和间接引语。请大家看看这些句子，看看这些直接引语和间接引语有什么区别。其实，我们从形式上就可以看出它们的区别：
1. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. (Direct speech)
安妮说：”我不想在日记中记流水账。”
Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. (Indirect speech)
安妮说她不想在日记中记流水账。
2. Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary. (Indirect speech)
安妮的姐姐问她怎么称呼她的日记。
“What do you call your diary?” Anne’s sister asked her. (Direct speech)
安妮的姐姐问她：”你怎么称呼你的日记？”
从上述例句可以看出，第一句话是引用别人的话；第二句是转述别人的话。第三句也是转述别人的问话，第四句话是直接引用别人的问题。由此可知，引述别人的话有两种方式。
我们看看直接引语和间接引语的定义：
I. 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出别人的原话，被引用的句子叫直接引语；一是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。
直接引语和间接引语的一个重要的判断标准是有无引号，一个是引述原文，一个是转述，在转述的过程中会有一些相应的变化。
请根据定义判断下面哪些是直接引语，哪些是间接引语。
1. “I never eat meat,” he explained. （直接引语）
他解释说：”我从来不吃肉。”
2. Kitty said she would wait another day. （间接引语）
基蒂说她会再等一天。
3. “Who is it?” Wilson shouted. （直接引语）
威尔逊喊道：”这是谁啊？”
4. I objected that she was too young for the position.
我表示反对，她对于这个职位来说太年轻了。
（间接引语，object意为“反对”，没有用said，但同样是引出这个人所说的话。）
5. “I presume,” he commented, “that she will learn how to do it in time.”
他评价道：“我认为她会及时学会怎么做这件事的。”
（直接引语，comment意为“做出评价”。）
直接引语和间接引语在形式上是不同的，他们之间相互转换的话，有哪些方面需要变换呢？总体如下：
—各种句式变换
—从句时态变化
—人称变化
—指示代词、地点副词、少数动词和时间状语变化
陈述句及人称的变化
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，原句变为用连词that引导的宾语从句（that 在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有很多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。主句的引述动词主要有say, tell, repeat, explain, think等。
1. She said, “Our train will arrive in five minutes.” 他说：“我们的火车五分钟内到。”
→She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes. 他说他们的火车五分钟内到。
2. He said, “I’m very hungry.” 他说：“我饿了。”
→He said (that) he was very hungry. 他说他饿了。
3. He added that Jason lost money because he would not tell a lie. (2018 湖北高考)
人称的变化
直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化可以归纳成：一随主，二随宾，三不更新。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称来变化。
She said, “My brother wants to go shopping with me.”她说：“我兄弟想跟我一起购物。”
→She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. 她说她兄弟想跟她一起购物。
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
I said to him, “You’ve left your book in my room.” 我对他说：“你把书落在我的房间里”。→I told him that he had left his book in my room. 我告诉他，他把书落在我的房间里。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr. Smith said，”Jack is a good worker.”
史密斯先生说：“杰克是个好工人。”
→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。
注意：一般情况下，连词that引导的宾语从句往往可以省略that，但是在下列情况下，往往要保留that。
1. that 的省略会产生歧义。
Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left.
琳达很失望地说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。（如省略that，when状语从句既可以理解为修饰said, 又可以理解为修饰had left。）
2. 当动词后面跟多个that引导的从句时，从第二个从句开始that不能省略。
He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去，并在那里呆半年。（第二个that不能省略）■
时态的变化
直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态；
Mother said, “Jack is a good boy.” 妈妈说：“杰克是个好孩子。”
→ Mother said that Jack was a good boy. 妈妈说杰克是个好孩子。
(2018 浙江高考) I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer.（can→could）
2) 现在进行时→过去进行时；
She said, “I am reading a book.” 她说：“我正在看书。”
→She said she was reading a book. 她说她正在看书。
3) 现在完成时→过去完成时；
“I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.
玛丽说：“这些日子我没有收到父母的来信。”
→Mary said that she hadn’t heard from her parents those days.
玛丽说那些日子她没有收到父母的来信。
4) 一般过去时→过去完成时
They said, “We caught the thief in the street.”
他们说：“我们在街上抓到贼了。”
→They said that they had caught the thief in the street.
他们说他们在街上抓到贼了。
5)一般将来时→过去将来时；
She said, “I will go to see my friend.”她说：“我将去看我朋友。”
→She said she would go to see her friend. 她说她将去看她的朋友。
6) 过去完成时不变。
She said, “I had called him before I came here.” 她说：“我来这儿前给他打电话了。”
→She said that she had called him before she went there. 她说她去那儿前给他打电话了。
注意：在以下几种情况下，在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
1）直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。
“The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told us.
老师告诉我们：“地球绕着太阳转。”
→ The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
2）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
杰克问：“约翰，我在街上碰到你的时候你去哪儿啊？”
→ Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
杰克问约翰在街上碰到他的时候他正要往哪儿去。
3）直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
小王说：“我生于1980年4月21日。”
→ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980.
小王说他生于1980年4月21日。
4）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。
He said, “I get up at six every morning.” 他说：“我每天早上六点起床。”
→ He said he gets up at six every morning. 他说他每天早上六点起床。
5）如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例如ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时（例如could, should, would, might），时态不再变。
Peter said, “You had better come here today.” 彼得说：“你最好今天来这儿。”
→ Peter said I had better go there that day. 彼得说我最好当天去那儿。
(2018 天津高考) I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing，but she refused... 我告诉她她咳嗽了一整夜不应该游泳，但是她拒绝了……
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
时间状语：now → then; today → that day;
this evening/ tonight → that evening/ that night;yesterday → the day before;
three days ago → thre e days before; next week → the next week;
tomorrow → the next day;the day after tomorrow → in two days’ time; the day before yesterday → two days before/earlier
地点状语：here → there
指示代词：this → that; these → those
方向性动词：come →go；bring → take
记忆口诀：直引变间引，变化应遵循：时状今变昔，地状近变远，指示这变那，动作来变去注意：如果在当地转述，here不必改为there, come不必改为go；如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
The lawyer said, “I will come this morning.”
→The lawyer said that she would go that morning. 律师说她那天上午会去。
He said, “These b ooks are mine.”
→He said that those books were his. 他说那些书是他的。
She said, “It is nine o’clock now.”
→She said that it was nine o’clock then. 她说那时九点了。
Bob said, “My sister was here three days ago.”
→Bob said that his sister had been there three days before/earlier.
鲍勃说他妹妹三天前已经到哪里了。
David said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→David said that he hadn’t seen her that day. 大卫说他那天还没有看见她。
She said, “I went there yesterday.”
→She said that she had gone there the day before. 她说她前一天已经去了那里。
She said, “I will go there tomorrow.”
→She said that she would go there the next/following day. 她说她第二天会去那里。
The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.”
→The captain said that they would arrive in two days’ time.
船长说他们两天后会到达。
She said, “I came here to see the doct or the day before yesterday.”
→She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days before/earlier.
她说她两天前去那里看了医生。
总结
直接引语改间接引语“过四关”：去掉引号后，被转述部分事实上是一个含宾语从句的主从复合句（祈使句除外）：主语+谓语+引导词（that/ whether/ if/ wh-）+作宾语的句子。
1. 引导词（判断句子类别，选择引导词：that/ whether/if /特殊疑问词）
2. 语序（陈述语序；注意人称变化：一主二宾三不变）
3. 时态：主句（过去时）+从句（相应的过去时）；
主句（现在/将来时）+从句（不变）
注意无需变化的特殊情况（真理、虚拟、部分情态动词、过去进行）。
4. 细节（指示代词、地点副词、少数动词和时间状语的变化规则）
注意：除了say, 间接引语中主句的谓语动词可根据转述时的情景选择其它动词。
“I did it,” he said.
→He admitted that he had done it. 他承认他做了这件事。
“He was rude to me,” she said.
→She complained he’d been rude to her. 她抱怨他对她粗鲁。
“You are late,” he said.
→He whispered that I was late. 他小声嘀咕着我迟到了。
“I can speak six languages,” he said.
→He boasted he could speak six languages. 他吹牛说他能说六种语言。
“You had better hurry, Bill.” he said.
→He advised Bill to hurry. 他建议比尔快点。
“Shall we meet at two?” he said.
→He suggested meeting at two. 他建议两点集合。
“Shall I do it for you?” he asked.
→He offered to do it for me. 他主动提出替我做。
“Could you help us?” he s aid.
→He asked me to help them. 他叫我帮帮他们。
疑问句
直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句的语序变为陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面），句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要作相应的变化。
一般疑问句：
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask 或asked，原问句变成由连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。没有间接宾语的可以根据情况加上。
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
作家说：“你认为日记能成为你的朋友？”
→The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
作家问我们是否我们认为日记能成为我们的朋友。
He said, “Are you interested in English?” 他说：“你对英语感兴趣吗？”
→He asked (me) if I was interested in English. 他问我是否对英语感兴趣。
She said, “Did you see him last night?” 她说：“你昨晚看到他了吗？”
→She asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.
她问我是否前一个晚上看到他了。
“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?” Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。
→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.
那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？”
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.
那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。
特殊疑问句
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。注意要用陈述句语序。
“What do you want?” he asked me. 他问我：“你想要什么？”
→He asked me what I wanted. 他问我想要什么。
“What do you call your diary?” Anne’s sister asked her.
安妮的姐姐问她：“你称呼你的日记为什么？”
→Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.
安妮的姐姐问她称呼她的日记为什么。
“When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Anne.
父亲对安妮说：“昨晚你什么时候睡觉？”
→Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.
父亲问安妮前一晚什么时候睡觉。
“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”，他问我。
→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
“What do you think of the film?” She asked her friend. 她问：“你怎么看这部电影？”
→She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。
Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.(2018 浙江高考)
我也不会问你词是什么意思。
选择疑问句
选择疑问句变间接引语时，把问句部分变为whether…or引导的宾语从句。
I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to see a film tonight?”
我问他：“你今晚待在家还是去看电影？”
→ I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to see a film that night.
我问他那个晚上将呆在家还是去看电影。
“Is it your bike or Tom’s?” Mum asked. 妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”
→Mum asked whether it was my bike or Tom’s. 妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.
“你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。
→Kate asked whether my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.
凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。
巩固练习
一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I never eat meat,” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me,” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five,” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
二、单项选择：
1. He asked ________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _________.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
3. Can you tell me ________?
A. how good is his spoken English
B. how well his spoken English is
C. how well he speaks English
D. how good he can speak English
4. He said that he had bought the jacket ________.
A. before three days
B. three days before
C. three days ago
D. last week
5. Did you say_________?
A. that what he said was true
B. that it was true that he said
C. what did he say was true
D. what he said it was true
6. Please tell me ________ from.
A. where do you come
B. where you come
C. where you will come
D. there you come
7. Ask her ________ come with us.
A. if she will
B. if or not she will
C. that if she will
D. whether will she
8. She said what a lovely day it _________.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. will be
9. —What did she ask you?
—________ she could get to the zoo.
A. Why
B. That
C. Where
D. How
10. John _______ me he was going to help me with my English.
A. explained
B. spoke
C. told
D. said
11. —Mother，the boy is very naughty.
—What did the girl say just now?
—She ________very naughty.
A．said her mother that the boy was B．said to her mother that the boy is
C．told her mother that the boy was D．spoke to her mother that the boy was
12. —Fred, y ou’ve already got well，haven’t you?
(No answer.)
—Fred, Mrs. White asked ________.
A．if you have already got well, hadn’t you B．whether you had already got well C．have I already got well D．had I already got well
13. Looking at me up and down, he asked me________.
A．am I a music teacher or a singer B．was I a music teacher or a singer C．whether I was a music teacher or a singer D．whether was I a music teacher or a singer 14. The young man asked me ________ with me.
A．what the matter is B．what the matter was
C．what’s the matter D．what was the matter
15. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.
A．how would I like B．if or not would I like
C．whether I would like D．which I would like
三. 将下列句子变为间接引语：
1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.
2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”
3. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
4. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.
5. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.
6. “Don’t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher.
7. Jack said, “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me.”
8. She said, “I will come here this evening.”
9. The teacher said to us, “Knowledge is power.”
10. Mary often says, “I want to be a doctor when I grow up.”
11. “I’m checking your homework now,” his mother said.
12. “We will come here again tonight,” the students said to the teacher.
13. He said, “I repaired the watch yesterday.”
14. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” he said.
15. The children said, “We’ll be back tomorrow.”
16. Bob said to Mary, “I saw the film two days ago.”
17. The teacher said, “Can you hear me, children?”
18. “We’re going to study in the USA next month,” they said.
四、根据括号中所给的词的提示用适当的形式填空。
1. He told me there ________ (be) a basketball match that afternoon and asked if I wanted to watch it.
2. I asked the teacher whether Gauss __________ (be born) in 1777, but he made no answer.
3. Everyone assumed (认为) I (make) a large amount of money and that this was one of many things I spent the money on.
4. Tom’s mother asked him ____________ (为什么他犯了) so many mistakes in his homework that time.
5. (2018 湖北高考) We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us ________ (你能否) undertake (承担) the task or not.
6. She told me she had seen a letter on my desk __________ (昨天).
五、单句改错
以下句子中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
1. (福建福州八县一中期中) The old man asked my brother what he had done there two days ago.
2. (2018 宁夏银川一中期中) The girl said that she will arrive in two days’ time.
3. Bob said I would never forget the visit to Yanan.
4. Did you say that he said was true?
5. Ask her that she will come with us.
答案与解析：
一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. he, ate
2. told, had, found, his
3. she, had, taken
4. rises, goes
5. told, had, before
6. had, there
7. had, before
8. asked, if ,before
9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those
12. if/ whether, I, lived
二、单项选择
1. D。间接引语（宾语从句）要用陈述句语序，而且用疑问词引导，所以选D。
2. D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C；表示外面与某事有关系的，不知男女的人一
般用it，所以选D。
3. C。宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除A；well作形容词时表示“身体好的”，“他的英语口语
好”应该用good，排除B；修饰动词speak，要用副词well，排除D，所以选C。4. B。间接引语表示“一段时间之前”用before，而不用ago，所以选B。选项A是错误表
达；last week 意思是“上周”，在间接引语中用the week before，意思为“前一周”。
5. A。what he said是主语从句，是was true的主语，而that引出陈述句变成的间接引语。所
以选A。
6. B。根据句意，宾语从句是特殊疑问句变来的，应该用where引导；宾语从句用陈述语序，
而表示某人来自于某处这种经常性的状态，多用一般现在时，所以选B。
7. A。从ask可知宾语从句时一般疑问句变来的，用if引导；whether or not中的whether不
能用if替换；排除B；宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除D。
8. B。主句谓语是said，用相应的过去时，要把直接引语中的一般现在时改为一般过去时。
9. D。从上下文可以推测答语是省略了She said的间接引语，从句意可知，缺少引导词how。
因为是问句，不用that（引导直接引语是陈述句变来的间接引语）。
10. C。say，explain和speak接“某人”时，一般要加to，所以选told，因为told可以接双
宾语，即tell sb. to do sth.
11. C。注意say，tell和speak的区别：say是及物动词，但只能用说出的话作其宾语，即say
to sb.sth.；speak是不及物动词，即speak to sb. about sth.；tell是及物动词，可接双宾语，即tell sb.sth.。另外，还要注意时态对应。
12. B。反意疑问句变为间接引语时，要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。
13. C。此句所问的话应该是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，要变成whether... or not。另外，
还要注意时态对应和陈述句语序。
14. D。注意该题时态的一致。what’s the matter/wrong with句型中，what作主语，the
matter/wrong作表语，因此作为宾语从句时还是这样的顺序，而非选项B。
15. C。宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A；whether or not中的whether不能用if替换；排除B；
which引导宾语从句意为“哪一个”，不符合题意。
三、将下列句子变为间接引语：
1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.
2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.
3. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.
4. The father asked his son where he was going.
5. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.
6. The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.
7. Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.
8. She said that she would go there that evening.
9. The teacher told us that knowledge is power.
10. Mary often says that she wants to be a doctor when she grows up.
11. His mother said that she was checking his homework then.
12. The students told the teacher that they would go there again that night.
13. He said that he had repaired the watch the day before.”
14. He said that he hadn’t heard from his pare nts those days.
15. The children said that they would be back the next day.”
16. Bob told Mary that he had seen the film two days before.
17. The teacher asked the children if they could hear him.
18. They said that they were going to study in the USA the next month.
四、根据括号中所给的词的提示填空。
1. would be。从下文看要去看的比赛，应该是还没有举行的，用将来时；因为told用过去将来时。
2. was born。间接引语中有具体的过去时间，不需要变成过去完成时，仍用一般过去时。
3. had made。因为assumed是过去时，其转述内容或称为宾语从句原来的一般过去时改成过去完成时。
4. why he had made。受asked影响要用过去完成时；陈述句语序。
5. whether / if you can。转述时用if或whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”；并用陈述句语序。
6. the day before。间接引语中的“昨天”一般用the day before。
五、单句改错
1. ago改成before
2. will改成would
3. I改成he
4. that改成what
5. that改成what
人教版_高中英语必修一unit1_知识点总结
人教版_高中英语必修一unit1_知识点总结 Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. we stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上,眺望乡村? 2. a quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人? Add v. 增加 1. he added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴,使火旺些? 2. if you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九? 3. add up all the money i owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起? Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. i'm always upset when i don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱? 2. he has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服? 3. the news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱? Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. i said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. i can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了? Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的 v. 平静下来,镇静 1. it was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静?明媚的早晨? 2. you should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险,你也应当保持镇静? 3. have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来? Calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来)
(完整版)高中英语人教版必修一课文内容电子版Unit2
Unit 2 English around the world The road to modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment. So why has English changed over time? Actually, all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first, the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The America Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell. STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak. When people use words and expressions different from “standard language”, it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighboring towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
人教版高中英语必修一短语归纳(全)
Unit 1 Friendship 1. 合计_____________________________________; 3. 不得不；必须______________________________; 5. 遛狗_____________________________________; 7. 记下；放下________________________________; 9. 故意_____________________________________; 11. 在黄昏时刻______________________________; 13. 不再…___________________________________; 15. 从…中恢复过来___________________________; 17. 将…装箱打包_____________________________; 19. 相爱；爱上_______________________________; 21. 参加；加入_______________________________; 23. 松开了__________________________________; 25. 付钱；付款；买单__________________________; 27. 对(某人)重要_____________________________; 29. 笑话；取笑（某人）_________________________; 31. 在日记中________________________________; 33. 对…着迷；迷恋____________________________; 35. 深蓝色的天空____________________________; 37. 太多____________________________________; 39. 在楼上__________________________________; 41. 肮脏的窗帘______________________________; 43. 记日记；写日记___________________________; 45. 绑起来__________________________________; 47. 在公路上________________________________; 49. 说…的闲话；______________________________; 51. 与…交朋友_______________________________; 53. 给…一些建议_____________________________; 55. 过去的事件______________________________; 57. 试一试；尝试一下_________________________; 59. settle____________________________________; 2. 使…镇静下来______________________________; 4. 关心；挂念________________________________; 6. 经历；经受________________________________; 8. 一连串的；一系列的_______________________; 10. 为了____________________________________; 12. 面对面地________________________________; 14. 遭受…___________________________________; 16. 对…厌烦_________________________________; 18. 与…相处；进展____________________________; 20. 对（某人）表示感激________________________; 22. 度假____________________________________; 24. 被车撞了________________________________; 26. 考试作弊________________________________; 28. 最深的感受______________________________; 30. 在二战中________________________________; 32. 在藏身之处______________________________; 34. 与自然有关______________________________; 36. 保持醒着________________________________; 38. 碰巧____________________________________; 40. 下楼____________________________________; 42. 积满灰尘的窗子__________________________; 44. 列一个单，列出___________________________; 46. 没注意到________________________________; 48. 与…有麻烦；有矛盾________________________; 50. 与人交流________________________________; 52. 改变这种状况____________________________; 54. 喜欢与不喜欢的事情______________________; 56. 表达你的感受与想法______________________; 58. concern__________________________________; 60. tip______________________________________;
高中英语人教版必修一汇总
高中英语必修一 Unit 1 △survey /'s??ve?/n. 调查；测验add up 合计 upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. (upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦ignore [iɡ?n?:]vt. 不理睬；忽视 calm [kɑ:m]vt. & vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calm(…)down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来 have got to 不得不；必须 concern [k?n?s?:n] vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到; n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose [lu:s] adj. 松的；松开的 △vet n. 兽医 go through 经历；经受 △Amsterdam n. 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） Netherlands n. 荷兰（西欧国家） △Jewish [?d?u:??] 犹太人的；犹太族的 German [?d??:m?n] adj. 德国的；德国人的；德语的; n．德国人；德语 △Nazi n. 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 set down 记下；放下；登记 series [?si?ri:z] n. 连续；系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 △Kitty n. 基蒂（女名） outdoors [?autd?:z] adv. 在户外；在野外 △ spellbind [?spel?ba?nd] vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；迷惑 on purpos e [?p?:p?s]故意 in order to 为了…… dusk [d?sk] n. 黄昏；傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder [?θ?nd?] vi. 打雷；雷鸣n．雷；雷声 entire [in?tai?] adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 power [?pau?] n. 能力；力量；权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain [?k?:tn] n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布 dusty [?d?sti:] adj. 积满灰尘的 no longer/not…any longer 不再…… partner [?pɑ:tn?] n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 settle [?setl]vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决 suffer [ ?s?f?] vt. & vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 suffer from 遭受；患病
北师大版高中英语必修一课文电子版
Unit 1 Lifestyles Warm-up Tapescript 1 Football player: Being famous isn’t easy, you know. I travel a lot – I have matches in different countries. But my job is exciting, very exciting! I love the matches, the people cheering, know what I mean? 2 Student: My dad says these are the best days of my life –but I’m not so sure! You know, I’ve got lots of work to do and there’s not much time really. I also play football for the school team and we have to do training three nights a week. 3 Shepherd: I love the animals and I love nature. It’s peaceful, and there’s no one to tell me what to do. But it’s not so good when the weather’s bad! 4 Business manager: I’m very busy, and I don’t have time to see my husband and children. Mmmm and my life is very stressful, I suppose. I mean, I have to deal with lots of money. But I find it really exciting. 1 A Perfect Day? A Couch Potato Forty-three-year-old Brian Blakey from Birmingham is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day.
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修三单词表
人教版高中英语必修三单词表Unit 1 take place 发生 beauty /'bju:ti/ n.美；美人 harvest /'hɑ:vist/ n. & vt. & vi.收获；收割 celebration /seli'brei?n/ n.庆祝；祝贺 hunter /'h?nt?/ n.狩猎者；猎人 starve /stɑ:v/ vi. & vt.（使）饿死；饿得要死 origin /'?rid?in/ n.起源；由来；起因 religious /ri'lid??s/ adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 △seasonal /'si:z?nl/ adj.季节的；季节性的 ancestor /'?nsest?/ n.祖先；祖宗 △Obon /?'b?n/ n. (日本)盂兰盆节 △grave /ɡreiv/ n.坟墓；墓地 △incense /'insens/ n.熏香；熏香的烟 in memory of 纪念；追念 Mexico /'meksik?u/ n. 墨西哥(拉丁美洲国家) feast /fi:st/ n.节日；盛宴 △skull /sk?l/ n.头脑；头骨 bone /b?un/ n.骨；骨头 △Halloween /h?l?u'i:n/ n.万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕 belief /bi'li:f/ n.信任；信心；信仰 dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 trick /trik/ n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.欺骗；诈骗 play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 poet /'p?uit/ n.诗人 △Columbus Day哥伦布日 arrival /?'raivl/ n.到来；到达；到达者 △Christopher Columbus /'krist?f?k?'1?mb?s/ 克利斯托弗·哥伦布(意大利航海家) gain /ɡein/ vt.获得；得到 independence /indi'pend?ns/n.独立；自主 independent /indi'pend?nt/ adj.独立的；自主的 gather /'ɡ?e?/ vt. & vi. & n.搜集；集合；聚集 agriculture /'?ɡrik?lt??/n.农业；农艺；农学 agricultural /?ɡri'k?lt??r?l/ adj.农业的；农艺的 award /?'w?:d/ n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定 △produce /'pr?dju:s/ n.产品；（尤指）农产品 rooster /'ru:st?/ n.雄禽；公鸡 admire /?d'mai?/ vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕 energetic /en?'d?etik/ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 △carnival /'ka:nivl/n. 狂欢节；(四句斋前的) 饮宴狂欢；嘉年华(会) △lunar /'lu:n?/ adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的 Easter /'i:st?/n. (耶稣)复活节 △parade /p?'reid/ n.游行；阅兵；检阅 day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
人教版高中英语必修一翻译 打印版
UNIT 1 Anne’s best friend 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担 心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？ 安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她 最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一 家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹 抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了二十五个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里， 她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在 日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称 作基蒂”。 安妮从1942年七月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看他当时 的心情吧。 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一 切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛 蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自 从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 …比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到 11点半故意不睡 觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打 开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼 上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆 黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这 是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚… 不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗 户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自 然是需要真正体验的东西。 Using Language 亲爱的王小姐： 现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
(完整)人教版高一英语必修一单词表
人教版高一英语必修1单词表 Unit 1 1.survey 调查；测验 2.add up 合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的calm...down（使）平静下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.walk the dog 溜狗 10.loose adj 松的；松开的 11.vet 兽医 12.go through 经历；经受 13.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.360docs.net/doc/fc4615946.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 15.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 16.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 17.Nazi 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 18.set down 记下；放下；登记 19.series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 20.outdoors在户外；在野外 21.spellbind 迷住；疑惑 22.on purpose 故意 23.in order to 为了 24.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk 在黄昏时刻 25.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 26.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 27.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 28.power能力；力量；权力。 29.face to face 面对面地 30.curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 31.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 32.no longer /not …any longer 不再 33.partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 34.settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决 35.suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历suffer from 遭受；患病 36.loneliness 孤单寂寞 37.highway公路 38.recover痊愈；恢复 39.get/be tired of 对…厌烦 40.pack捆扎；包装打行李n 小包；包裹pack （sth ）up 将（东西）装箱打包
人教版 英语 必修一 课文 电子版
Unit1 Friendship Reading ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very du sty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne Reading and writing Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice. Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.
完整word版,人教版高中英语必修一unit1教案最终版
Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时，第二课时 （ Reading） 一．教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二．学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives
新人教版高中英语必修三完整课文译文
新人教版高中英语课文译文 必修三 第一单元世界各地的节日 Reading 节日和庆典 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 亡灵节 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 纪念名人的节日 也有纪念名人的节日。中国的端午节（龙舟节）是纪念古代著名诗人屈
原的。美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗.哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。印度 在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国 而独立的领袖。 庆丰收的节日 收获与感恩节是十分喜庆的节日。越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一 起聚餐。有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最 大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。 春天的节日 最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。中国人 过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。（他们）舞 龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂 欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。狂欢节期间，人们穿着各种艳丽的 节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。复活节是全世界基 督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命 的到来。再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，（节日里）整个国度到处是盛 开的樱花。看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。 Using Language 一段伤心的爱情故事 李方的心都碎了。这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会在咖啡馆和他见面
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修一至必修五
文档贡献：smysl 必修一 Unit 1 Friendship 1)be good to 对….友好 2)add up 合计 3)get sth done 使…被做 4)calm down 镇定下来 5)have got to 不得不 6)be concerned about 关心；挂念 7)make a list of 列出 8)share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 9)go through 经历；仔细检查 10)hide away 躲藏；隐藏 11)set down 放下；记下 12) a series of 一系列；一套 13)be crazy about 对…着迷 14)on purpose 故意 15)in order to/ so as to 为了 16)face to face 面对面地 17)according to 按照；根据…所说 18)get along with 与…相处 19)pack up 收拾，打理行装 20)have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见； 做…有困难 21)fall in love 相爱 22)try out 试验；试用 23)join in 参加（活动） 24)communicate with sb 和…交留 25)look to sth 注意，留心某事 26)cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 27)have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的 习惯 28)be ignorant of 无知的 Unit2 English around the world 1)in…ways 在…方面 2)be different from 与…不同 3)play a role/ part (in) 在…中起作用;扮 演一个角色；参与 4)play an important role/part在..中起重要 作用 5)because of 因为；由于 6)such as 例如 7)come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨 论 8)come up with 提出e 9)at the end of 在…末期 10)even if/ though 即使 11)be based on 在...基础上 12)close to 距离…近 13)make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分） 利用 14)change…into 把…变成 15)the same…as 与…相同的 16)at present 目前 17)as a rule 通常；照例 18)be present at 在席；出席 19)carry out a rule 执行规则 20)be absent from 缺席 21)provide sth to sb / provide sb with sth给 某人提供某物 22)at sb’s request 应某人的要求 23)have a command of掌握 24)give commands 命令 25)request that …(should)+v原形 26)in one direction 朝一个方向 27)as we know 正如我们所知 Unit3 Travel Journal 1)dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 2)graduate from 从…毕业 3)persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 4)get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣 5)insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要； 坚持要 6)the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法 7)attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度 8)care about 忧虑，关心care for喜欢， 照顾 9)change one’s mind 改变主意 10)to my mind = in my opinion我的观点 11)make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事