阅读题库及答案整理

一、古生物篇

1.Animal minds: Parrot Alex 鹦鹉

1.firstly,Alex has grasped quite a lot of vocabulary(not given)

2.At the beginning of the study,Alex felt frightened in the presence of human.(Not given)

3.Previously,many scientists realized that animal possess the ability of thinking.(False)

4.It has taken a long time before people get to know cognition existing in animal.(True)

5.As Alex could approximately imitate the sounds of English words,he has capable of roughly answering Irene’ s questions regarding the world.( True)

6.By breaking in other parrots as well as producing the incorrect answers,he tried to focused.(False) After the training of Irene, Parrot Alex can use his vocal tract to pronounce more than 100 English words, while other scientists believe that animal have no this advanced ability of thinking, they would rather teach chimpanzees. Pepperbere clarified that she wanted to conduct a study concerning avian cognition,but not to teach him to talk.The store’s assistant picked out a bird at random fro her sake of avoiding other scientists saying that the bird is particularly chosen afterwards.

11.what did Alex reply regarding the similarity of the subjects showed to him. Color

12.What is the problem of the young parrots except Alex? Wrong pronunciation.

13.To some extent, through the way he behaved what we can cal him ? Teenager.

2.Biomimetic Design 生物仿生设计

1.Andrew Parker failed to make effective water device which can be used in desert.(NOT GIVEN)

2.Skin of lizard easy to get wet when it contacts water.(False)

3.Scientists apply inspiration from nature into many artificial engineering.(True)

4.Tiny and thin hair under gecko’s feet allows it to stick to the surface of object.(True)

5.When gecko climbs downward,its feet release a certain kind of chemical to make the adhesiv e(NOT Given )

6.Famous cases stimulate a large number of successful products of biomimetics in real life.(false)

7.Velcro is well-known for its bionics design.(True)

8.Ronald Fearing made tiny components of robotic fly in computer by specialized techniques.

9.The robotic fly’s main structure outside is made of carbon-fiber and long and thin wires which make it unlike a fly at all.

10.Cutkosky applied an artificial material in stickybot’s limbs as a tendon to split pressure like lizard’s does.

11.Stickybot’s feet doesn’t have self-cleaning function which makes it only be able to walk on smooth surface.

12.DAPPa are planning to use stickybot for surveillance.

13.Cutkosky assume that stickybot finally has potential in lifesaving or other human-related activities.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,munication in color(用颜色交流)

1.which situation can be inferred from the passage that a chameleons will display the most

eye-catching color?

When a rival shows his contrast to the background.

2.which one is not mentioned as the case that a chameleons will change its color?

When a lurking chameleon want to hide it coloration in background avoid being attacked by a bird.

3.what kind of climate do most chameleons live in?tropical

4.What was the new species named after? Magomherae forest.

5.Which part of the body is unique to the species kinyongia agomberae? Nose

6.Few creatures can change color as effectively as cuttlefish(true)

7.chameleons can imitate a pattern provided there are more than two colors.(True)

8.chameleons appear to enjoy trying out new colors(not given)

9.Size matters more than color when male chameleons compete.(false)

10.after a fight,the defeated male hides among branches of a tree.(not given)

11.the popular explanation of why chameleons change color has been proved wrong(true)

12.there are more predators of chameleons is grassland habitats than in others.(Not given)

13.measuring animla’s visual systems necessitates removing them from their habit.(false)

4.Copy your neighbor(向邻居学习)

6.All butterflies’ colors of wings reflect the sense of warning to other predators. False

7.Insects my imitate butterflies’wing pattern as well.(True)

8.Flying altitude of butterfly is determined by their foot (Not given)

9.Baccaloni agreed with flight height hypothesis and decided to reassure its validity(False)

10.Jatun sacha has the richest diversity of breeds in the world (Not given)

11.Beccaloni has more detailed records on the location of butterfly collection than others(ture)

12.Which is correct about butterflies flight altitude?Each butterfly has its own favorable height.

13.Which is correct about Beccaloni next investigation after flight height?

Try to find connections between larval height and adult ones.

5.Extinct:the Giant deer(巨鹿的灭绝)

Having been preserved well in Europe and central Asia,the remains of the Irish elk was initially found approximately 40,000years ago.Around 8000 years ago,they were driven to live in the plain after being restricted to the Ural Mountains.Hunting was considered as one of the important factors of Irish elk’s extinction,people have not started hunting untile 7000 years ago when Irish elk used to get through under a variety of climatic fluctuations.The huge antlers may possibly contribute to the reason why Irish elk extinct,which was highly controversial as the pleasantly over the span of wooded interglacials.Certainly ,it is well known that ,at the last maximum ice age ,mammals become extinct about 10,500 years ago.

33.what kink of physical characteristics eventually contributed to the extinction of Irish ilk? male’s huge antlers.

34.What kind of nutrient substance needed in maintaining the huge size of Irish elk? Minerals

35.What geographical evidence suggested the advent of human resulted in the extinction of Irish elk? Habitat destruction.

6.Fossil files”the paleobiology Database”(古化石数据库)

23.Choose two correct description about the Paleobiology Database in this passage.

Intrigues both positive and negative opinions from various experts.

Aims to embrace all fossils information globally.

25.according to the passage,jellyfish belongs to which category of the paleobioology Database? Untraceable species.

26.what is the author’s suggestion according to the end of the passage?

Try to create a database of living creature.

7.Giant Fall in Americas(消失的巨兽)

1.Mammoths are animals that

Faced extinction at least10000years ago.

2.Clovis people is a group of people who may be the main cause of extinction of mammoths.

3.Christopher Johnson suggeste d that researchers in the passage may not be contradictory to each other.

10.where did giant ground sloth live? The Americas

11.Which fossils could be regarded as evidence of vegetable consumed in a fire?charcoal

12.What kink of tools did the clovis develop to hunt vanishing mammoths?spear points

8.Health in the wild(动物健康)

1.It is for ten years that Dr Engel has working on animal self-medication. True

2.In order to find plants for medication,animals usually need to walk a long distance. Not given

3.Birds such as Macaw,are seen eating clay because it is a part o their natural diet(False)

4.According to Dr Engel,it is expecting that research into animal self-meditation can be helpful in the invention of new painkillers.false.

5.Chimpanzees food(pitch of veronia ) ----contained chemicals named terpenes which can kill parasites.

6.Macaw food(seeds ---contain alkaloids and clay)----clay can detoxify the poisonous contents in the food.

7.Chimpanzee (food Leaves with tiny hooks on surface)---such leaves can catch and expel worms from intestines.

Animal self-medication has been supported by an increasing amount of evidence.One of them is called geophagy,a soil-consuming behavior commonly found across animal species,Because earth ,especially clay,can neutralize the toxic content of their diet.Similar behavior can also be found among humans in Africa,where patients will bu y clay tablets as medical stalls to heal them.Another one is related to chimps who eat leaves with unpleasant taste probably,but with medical value due to their special structure.

9.Mammoth Kill(猛犸的灭绝)

The reason why big size mammals extincted 11,000 years ago is under hot debate. First explanation is that hunting of human made it happen.This is so called over kill model began from 1960s suggested by an expert,who however received criticism of lack of further information.Another assumption is that deadly disease from human causes their demises.Macphee,who supported this idea,suggested that he required empirical evidence to testify its validity.Graham proposed a third hypothesis that climatic instability in Pleistocene epoch drove some species disappear,reduced geographical ranges posed a signal to these giants,and Younger Dryas event finally wiped them out.

10.Numeracy:can animals tell numbers?

1.monkeys performance of two groups is almost identical

2.Chicks chose between two sets of balls of shapes which are altered

3.Coots bird seems to have ability to calculate

4.Salamanders offered clear tubes containing different quantities of fruit flies

5.Mosquitofish these are used to check influence of total surface area and brightness

6.Bees had to learn where sugar water was stored

7.Primates are better at identifying the larger to two numbers if one is much bigger than other.True

8.Jurgen tautz trained the insects in his experiment to recognize the shapes of individual numbers?False

9.The research involving young chicks took place over two separate days.Not given

10.The experiment which chicks suggests that some numerical ability exists in newborn animals.True

11.Researchers have experimented by altering quantities of nectar or fruits available to certain wild animals. Not given

12.When assessing the number of eggs in their nest,coots take into account those of other birds. True.

11.Right whales

The scientists have studied right whale by setting up an archive(存档).one of their interests is a whale named Calvin who lost its mum when it was very young.Scientists were worried about the baby whale’s future until it appeared again i n July https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,ter,it was found to b e a girl whale,being precious in the species.It was quite plump（丰满）,which was a main symbol of health.Unfortunately,in summer of 2000,it was discovered being twisted in fishing gear like polyblend ropes,and then disappeared.when it was seen months later,people tried to slice away part of ropes wrapping round it body,which were cleared during the next year.

12.Tasmanian tiger extinction if forever?

Tasmanian tiger is a big dog headed animal with a catlike striped coat and a pouch.For millions of years, tasmanian tigers used to live widely in the continent of Australia before the arrival of dingoes approximately 4000 years ago,they afterwards survived in Tasmania where there were no dingoes.the government gave order to get rid of thylacines as European settlers wrongly considered they posed threat to their https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,st,the thylacines cynocephalus had become extinct when last living specimen died in captivity(囚禁) in the year of 1936.

1.which of the animal has not been cloned as mentioned in the passage.

A mammoth called bucardo

2.what is the main idea of this article

To show how scientists try to conduct some researches on saving extinct animals.

13.Terminated Dinosaur Era

1.the rare element,iridium ,was presented both on earth and in meteorites.True

2.The meteor impact theory had been suspected before the discover of the impact site and supporting evidence.True

3.Footprints are of little value in providing information ,in comparison to fossil bones,because individual species cannot be identified with footprints False.

4.According to scientists ,the transition to a dinosaur-dominated era took place very quickly by geological time scales.True

5.The creatures that disappeared in the extinction were dominantly the 15-foot-long rauisuchians and large crocodiles. False.

6.Tyrannosaurus rex was larger in body size than other carnivorous dinosaurs.Not given

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,rge dinosaurs died out but small ones evolved and competed with birds and mammals. Not given.

14.The bite that heat

1.Michael was unluckily hit by electronic shocks and nearly lost his life during his vacation. False

2.The disease Micheal had suffered from for eight years was caused by an accident.Not given

3.Micheal is grateful for the bark scorpion bite because it helped him recover from the ankylosing spondylitis. True

4.No venom is just responsible for one job.True

5.There is no different between Venom and poison False.

6.Venom can kill while it can also be used as medicine to save.True

7.New treatments for cancer are now available in the market False.

8.So far 20 million venom toxins have been checked for medical use. False.

9.The majority of mammals carry venom inside their bodies.False.

10.The way how venom works is compared to that of medicines.

11.A venom source such as puffer fish has helped to present complex facts about how nerve cells convey information to each other.

12.Tens of thousands of animals have developed glands and apparatuses w hich are respectively responsible for storing and letting out venom.

13.The makeup of venom of a snake may change with places ,ages and diet.

14.Some animals uses venom to warn rival males of its exclusive power during the mating season.

15.The dinosaur Footprints and extinction

1.Dr Paul Olsen and his colleagues believe that asteroid knock may also lead to dinosaur’s boom. True.

2.Books and movie like Jurassic Park often exaggerate the size of the dinosaurs. Not given

3.Dinosaur footprints are more adequate than dinosaur skeletons. True

4.The prints were chosen by Dr Olsen to study because they are convenient to tracked down to a date of geological precise with thousand years True

5.Ichnotaxa showed that footprints of dinosaurs offer exact information of the trace left by individual species. False

6.We can find more Iridium in the earth’s surface than in meteorites False.

7.Dr Olsen and his colleges applied a phenomenon named ecological release to explain the large size of the Eubontes,which is a similar case to that nowadays reptiles invade a place where there are no c ompetitors For example ,on an island called Komodo, indigenous huge lizards grow so big that people even referring them as dragons.However ,there were no old impact trace being found?the answer may be that we have overlooked the evidence.Old craters are difficult spot or it probably vanished due to the effect of the earth moving.Even a crater formed in ocean had been swallowed up under the impact of crust moving.Besides,the third hypothesis is that the potential evidence some caters may be misdated.

16.The last March of the emperor penguins

1.It is female emperor penguin that carried more incubation duty False

2.Evangelical christian lives a similar lifestyle as penguin. Not given

3.With the advanced satellite photographs,fluctuation of penguin number is easily observed. False

4.Strong winds caused by Ozone depletion ,blow away the sea ice. True

5.There are several reasons of why emperor penguins are vulnerable to sea ice transformation.First of all ,they are not agil e enough to walk on steep rocks that all over antarctic.they wouldn’t be able

to breed ,Next,emperors need to mount at certain time of year,which protects them from been killed by freezing water.finally,emperor penguin’s food called krill is also connected to availability of sea ice.

17.The U-evolution of the Turtles

1.what are the two amazing features for turtles?

Some turtles can breathe oxygen from the body part in the rear end.

They had evolved back to the water,and they then re-revolved back onto the land.

2.What have to be the first migrated species of lives which ensure others evolving from the sea onto the land? The plants.

3.Which transfer can be a significant leap as evolving from the water to land is connected ?Breathing to reproduction.

4.Which is,being absent in whales or dolphins,the one of the proofs to show they may have evolved back from the land to sea.The grills.

5.What kink of animal showed that if the fossil looks like those ,it indicates the species is living in the sea even in ancient time.Dolphins.

Scientists can tell whether a species is living in the sea or land by examining the fossils.True

6.The fossils can not serve as definite proofs for determining where one ancient species lived in dinosaur period from another. Not given.

7.Modern land tortoises are ne group of turtles that stayed on land ever since and all through the ancient time false.

Walter joyce and Jacques gauthier,at Yale university,took three key measurements in the arm and land bones of a group of living turtles and tortoises.They used triangle graph paper on which to draw and mark the data collected.It was found that all the land tortoise and the water turtles species formed cluster of points in the different parts of the patterned graphs obtained;yet the clusters formed in those ambiguous species indicate there were kind of situation like between half-wet and half-dry .As a result,the fossils of both these ancient turtles’limbs and with their clusters show us both these ancient creatures were living in dry land.

二、人物篇

1.Alfred Noble

1.the first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1895 False

2.Nobel’ s father wanted his son to have better education what he had had. Not given

3.Nobel was an unsuccessful businessman .False.

4.Bertha von Suttner was selected by Nobel himself for the first peace Prize. False.

5.The Noble Foundation was established after the death of Nobel. True

6.Nobel’s social involvement was uncommon in the 1800’s. True

Having accumulated a great fortune in his business,Nobel’ s father determined to give his son the best education and sent him to be trained in chemical engineering.During Nobel’s study in Pairs ,he worked in a private laboratory,where he came in contact with a youngengineer Ascanio Sobrero and his invention nitroglycerine, a more powerful explosive than gunpowder.

Nobel became really interested in this new explosive and experimented on it.But nitroglycereine was too dangerous and was banned for experiments within the city of Stockholm.So Nobel had to move his experiment to lake. To make nitroglycerine easily usable,Nobel invented dynamite along with detonator wihile in the meantime pneumatic drill became popular,all of which dramatically lowered the cost of construction works.

2.Amateur Naturalists

1.In waiter Coated’s record,there are plenty of information of beekeeping.

2.Robert Marsham is well-known for noting animals and plants’ life cycles

3.The number of waterfowl in north America decreases because of increased droughts according to some phenologists.

4.why do a lot of scientists questioned the amateurs data?

Amateur data is not reliable sometimes.

5.Example of leaves Mark Schwartz used to explain that valuable information is accurate one.

6.Whtat suggestion of scientists for the usage of amateur data?

Use modified and better approach.

7.what’s the implication of phenology for ordinary people.

It arouses public awareness about climate change.

3.being left-handed in a Right-handed world

1.the study of twins show that genetic determination is not the only factor for left-handedness True

2.Marc Dax’ s report was widely accepted in his time False

3.Juhn Wada based his findings on his research of poeple with language problems Not given

4.There tend to be more men with left handedness than women. Not given

4.bright children

1.America has a long history of selecting talented students into different categories. True

2.Teachers and schools in Britain held welcome attitude towards government’s selection of gifted students false.

3.Some parents agree to move near reputable schools in Britain. True

4.Middle-class parents participate their children ’s education Not given

5.Japan and Finland comply with selected students policy False

6.Avoiding-selection-policy only works in a specific environment. True

7.what’ Laszlo Polagar’s point of view towards geniuses of children.

Geniuses can be educated later on

8.what is the purpose of citing Zsofia’s example in the last paragraph.

Practice makes genius.

5.Brunel:the practical prophet

1.the great eastern was specially designed with a large size for carrying more fuels and was to take long voyage to Australia,However due to physical condition,Brunel couldn’t be able to go with maiden voyage.Actually the Great Eastern was unprofitable because the construction of Suez canal But soon after there was an ironic opportunity for the Great Eastern which was to carry and to lay huge telegraphic cable in Atlantic Ocean floor.

6.Intelligence and Giftedness

1.The purpose of the text is to demonstrate the limitation of test

2.Professor Binet devise the tes t to choose the best one.

3.The test is designed according to age.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html, army used intelligence tests to select officers.

5.Part the intention in designing the test by professor binet has been misunderstood. True

6.The tests of Sir Cyril Burt are only intended to be used in Paris school.False

7.Einstein was a counter-example of IQ conclusion.Not given

8.IO test may probably lead to racial discrimination as a negative effect. True

9. The author regards measuring intelligence test as a goal hardly attained. Not given.

7.John Franklin:the discovery of the slowness

In his personal correspondence to and in his published memories by Sten Nadolny,John Franklin was depicted as a man dedicated to the exploration,and the word of “slowness ”was used to define his personality;when Franklin was in his childhood,his determination to the bully of the schoolboys was too slow for him to fall into step.And Franklin was said to be a boy dreaming finding in a place he could enjoy the timelessness in the https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,ter in the 20th,his biography of discovery of slowness has been adopted as a guidebook as for the movement such as sustainable development ,or management science,motoring policy.

1.Why does the author mention “the ice is a slow mover”in the geological article,to demonstrate the idea that explorer like Franklin should posses the quality of being patient

2.When Franklin was on board with sailors,how did he speak to his follow sailors?

He spoke in the words and phases he previously memorized.

3.His effort to overcome his slowness in marine time life had finally won the respect for him as he insisted to overcome his difficulties.

4.Why is the book The Discovery of Slowness sold more than a billion copies

It contains the aspects of the life people would like to enjoy.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,st hours of the iceman

1.According to the author,there must be another complete human corpse older than the iceman. False

2.The iceman might be the leader of the society,and he was very rich. Not given

3.Scientists guessed the iceman’s information perfectly,and finally got the real cause of the death. False

4.By testing the iceman’s body, we know where he came from.True

5.The iceman has been placed in a refrigerated high tech room since 198.

6.The iceman might get stomach distress ,for eggs of the whipworm parasite were found in his gut.

7.There are a variety of mosses and liverworts found around the iceman such as Neckera complanata.

8.The route of the iceman’s last movement might not be straight.

9.Man or machine

1.It took Honda 17 years to make ASIMO,a human-looking robot that attracted broad interests form audience,Unlike ASIMO,which has to be controlled through a computer installed in the backpack,MIT’s scientists aimed to make robots that can imitate human behavior and interact with human.One of such particular inventions can express its own feeling through facial expressions.Another innovative project is a robot called Cog,which is expected to learn from its environment to gain some intelligence.

10.Mungo Man

1.The lake Mungo remains offer the archeologists the evidence of graphic illustration of human activity. True

2.In lake Mungo remains,weapons were found used by the Mungo. Not given

3.Mugo Man is one of the oldest known archeological evidence in the world of cultural sophistication such as a burying ritual. True

4.Mungo man and woman’s skeletons were uncovered in the same year. False

5.There is controversy among scientists about the origin of the oldest Homo sapiens. true

6.Out of Africa supports have criticized Australian professors for using outmoded research method. NOT given

11.Novice and expert

1.Novice :need study principles and rules under the guidance of a mentor

2.J ourneyman start to identify patterns of behavior for cases with or between study more complex ways of doing things create new knowledge.

3.expert:perform task independently

4.Novices and experts use the same system of knowledge to comprehend and classify objects. False

5.The focus of novices’ training is necessarily on long term memory Not given

6.When working out the problems,novices want to solve them straightaway.True

7.When handling problems,experts are always more efficient than novices in their fields False

8.Expert tend to review more than novices on cases when flaws or limit on understanding took place.True.

9.While expert outperform novices and machines in pattern recognition and problem solving.expert predictions of future behavior or events are seldom as accurate as simple actuarial tables.Why ,some have tried to explain that experts differ when using cognitive models to forecast.Researchers believe it is due to human biases,However attempting endeavor of finding answers did not yet produce consensus.

12.twin study:Two of a kind

1.The firs one that conducted research on twins is called Francis Galton,He separated twins into two categories:non identical and identical twins.The twin research was used in medicine application in as early as the year of 1924

2.three fields that had been carried out in Ohio,maryland and Twinsbrugh: sense,sound boldness of men

3.three results that had been verified in this passage:

Non-identical twins come from different eggs.

Genetic relation between identical twins is closer than non-identical one.

Genetic influence to smoking is superior to environment’s

13.We have star performers!

1.Mckinsey who wrote The war for Talent had not expected the huge influence made by his book NOT given

2.Economic condition become one of the factors which decide whether of not a country would prefer to hire foreign employees. True

3.The collapse of Enron is caused totally by a unfortunate incident instead of company’s management mistake. False

4.Football clubs that focus making stars in the setting are better than simply collecting stars True

An investigation carried out on1000 star-stock analysts participants of a survey by Harvard Business Review found a company hire a star performer has negative effects.For instance ,they behave considerably worse in a new team than in the working environment that they used to be.They move faster than wall street and increase their salary .secondly,they faced rejections or refuse form those rivals with the https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,stly, the one who made mistakes had been punished by selling his stock share.

14.Willliam Gilbert and Magnetism

1.He is less famous then he should be True

2.He was famous as a doctor before he was employed by the Queen Tru e

3.He lost faith in the medical theories of his time.Not given

There are three discoveries of Gilbert

Metals can be magnetized.

Stars are at different distances from the earth

The earth wobbles on its axis.

三、历史篇

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,puters provide more Questions Than answers

An ancient huge sunk cargo vessel was found accidentally by sponges searcher.The ship loaded with luxury items such as bronze and sculptures.However,an archaeologist found a junk similar to a gearwheel which has Greek script on it.this inspiring and elaborated device was found to be the first analog computer in the world.

2.Timekeeper :Invention of Marine Chronometer

1.It is with no great effort by sailors to calculate the position when in the center of the ocean.true

2.To determine the longitude,a measurement of distance from moon to a given star is must .False

3.In theory,by calculating the longitude degrees covered by a sail journey,the distance between the start and the end points can be obtained. Not given

Hundred years ago,sailors tried to identify their time by checking the sun or stars,but the trouble was that they did need a reliable clock which showed time of home.And the timekeeper required would be to precisely tell a tangible time lapse confined to 2.8 seconds.An extraordinary craftsman,Harrison,once created a novel clock which did not rely on oil to work https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,ter on,competitive mod of sextant was another prominent device designed by Hadley, which calculated angle between sun and the earth,base on Harrision’s effort ,Earns haw eventually implement key component for marine chronometers which had used ever since.

3.Mystery in Easter island!

1.The first inhabitants of Easter Island are Polynesian,from the Marquesas or society island.Not given.

2.Construction of some moai statues on the island was not finished.True

3.The Moai can be found not only on Easter Island but also elsewhere in Polynesia.False

4.Most archaeologists recognized the religious and astronomical functions for an ancient society.False.

5.The structure on Easter Island work as an astronomical outpost fore extraterrestrial visitors Not given

6.The theory that depleted natural resources leading to the fail of Easter Island actual has a distorted perspective.True

Many theories speculated that Easter Island’s fall around the era of the initial European contact.some say the resources are depleted by a growing population;the erroneous theories began with a root of the racist assumption advanced by some scholars.Early writers did not have adequate archaeological and historical understanding to comprehend the true nature of events on the island.The social devastation was in face a direct result of inhuman behavior of the first European settlers.

4.revolutions in mapping

1.according to the first paragraph,mapmakers in the 21 century;

Combine technologies to chart unknown territory.

2.the library of congress offers an opportunity to create individual computer maps to order

3.ptolemy alerted his contemporaries to the importance of organizing maps to reflect accurate ratios of distance

4.The invention of the printing press changed the approach to map making.

5.The writer concludes by stating that: the fundamental aims of map-making remain unchanged.

Ancient maps allow us to see how we have come to make sense of the world.They also reflect the attitudes and knowledge of the day.the first great step in mapmaking took place in Egypt in the 3rd century BC.work continued in this tradition until the 2nd century AD but was then abandoned for over a thousand years,during which time maps were responsibility of monks rather than scientists.Fortunately,however,the writings of Ptolemy had been kept,and interest in scientific mapmaking was received as scholars sought to produce maps,inspired by the accounts of travelers,these days satellites are vital to the creation of maps and radar has allowed cartographers to map areas beyond our immediate world.In addition,this high-tech equipment is not only used to map far away places ,but cheaper versions have also been developed for use in cars.

5.serendipity:the accidental Scientists

The word Serendipity was coined in the writing of Horace Walpole to Horace Mann.He derived it from a fairy tale, the character of which were always making fortunate discoveries by accident.the stem serendip was a former name for Sri Lanka.

1.what does”inductive” mean in paragraph A

Observation without anticipation at the beginning

2.Scientific discovery should be between the two extremes

3.The writer mentions Luigi Gavuanti’s observation to illustrate the happy accident in scientific discovery

4.Why does the writer mention the example in YOsemite Valley in paragraph G?

To illustrate the conflict between reality and expectation

6.Sir Francis Ronald and Telegraph

1.what were carved in the experimental dials when doing Ronald’s experiment in his garden. Letters and numbers

2.what were enclosed with the buried telegram wires when Ronald did the improved experiment? Glass tubes

3.what is the greatest distance Ronald believed his telegram can send ?800km

4.What kind of power supplied to keeping the wire charged continuously

Frictional-electrics machine.

7.Success of Bluetooth wireless technology

1.what is the reasons that make bluetooth successful?

Legislation forbids hand use of mobile when driving.

Bluetooth installation cost little while profit enlarged

Variety of application guarantees its expansion.

Attractive headline usually technological product as “win-take-all”competition.Unfortunately,several competitors would be coexisting rather than happened like this.Nevertheless,negative predictions still exist about some technology’s disappearance.For example,they insist that Wi-fi and Wimax pose destructive threat to mobile networks of 3G,or popular smart phones would be the terminator to ipod or blackberry.however,lessons from bluetooth indicate that they are “horse for course”

8.tea and the industrial revolution

1.The industrialization did not happen in china because of inefficient transport Not given

2.Tea and beer protect people from waterborne disease. True

3.Roy Porter disagree with the proposed theory. False

4.The reason of lower child deaths is fully explained by food .False

5.The british made beer by themselves. Not given

6.Tax on malt indirectly affected the number of population. True

11.the origin of ancient writing

1.The research at the symposium regarded the story of the king of Uruk s ridiculous because Writing probably developed independently of speech

2.According to the writer ,the story of the origins of writing

Shows some awareness among Sumerrians of the purpose of writing

3.There was disagreement among the researchers at the symposium about t he meaning of certain abstract images.

4.The opponents of the theory that writing developed from tokens believe that it evolved from pictures.

5.Most archaeological evidence show that the people of Mesonpotamia invented writing around 3300,BC,their script was written on clay tablets Uruk and was called cuneiform .their script originally showed images related to political power and business,and later developed to become more abstract.

12.The Tunguska Mystery

1.Which of the following statements are correct according to this passage

Craters of explosion has not been found yet

Friction of atmosphere lead to meteorite explosion

13.Western immigration of Canada

With the saturation of Eastern Canada,Western rural area would supply homesteads for the descendants of easterners. Politicians also declared that western area got potential to increase agricultural output of Canada according to wheat crop that consumed in the East.

federal government bought a land from private company, and legally offered certain area to people who stayed for a qualified period of time. Then,a mounted Police force was found to secure the land .however,the best way to protect citizens was to build a transcontinental railway to transport the migrants and goods between the west and the east.

四、教育篇

1.activities for children

1.According to American Heart Foundation,cholesterol levels of boys are higher than girls.Not given

2.British children generally do less exercise than some other European countries.True

3.Skipping becomes more and more popular in schools of UK Not given

4.According to Healthy kids,parents should encourage their children to do more activities. False.

5.According to paragraph A,what does Neil Armstrong concern about?

Future health of British children/

6.what does Armstrong indicate in Paragraph B?

We should to more activity of exercise heart.

7.What is aim of First kid’s training?

To guide parents how to organize activities for children.

8.what did Lifshitz suggest in the end of the passage?

Create opportunities to exercise your body.

9.what is main idea of the passage?

Children in UK need proper exercises.

2.Children’s literature

1.children did not start to read books until 1700 False.

2.Sarah Trimmer believed that children’s books should set good examples. True

3.Parents were concerned about the violence in children’s books.not given

4.An interest in the folklore changed the direction of the development of children’s books. True

5.Today children’s book writers believe their works should appeal to both children and adults. True

3.consecutive and simultaneous translation

1.In which way does author state translation a the beginning of the passage?

Geneal and specific meaning

2.Application of headphone in a UN conference tells us that:

Language practice is in the process

3.In the passage ,what is author’s purpose of citing Tower of Babel?

Consecutive interpreting has a long history

4.About simultaneous interpreting ,which of the following is true?

It relies on professional equipment.

5.In consecutive translation,if the section is longer than expected ,what would an interpreter most probably do ?

He or she has to remember some parts ahead.

The cycle from year to voice normally last about2-3 seconds,which depends on sophisticated of paper,for example,it could go up to10 seconds sometimes.when expert took close research on affecting elements,they found appropriate speaking speed is somehow among 100-200w.p.m .However,the maximum of speed was about 200w.p.m. In a specific experiment,ear-voice span speed increased between 95-164w.p.m,the accuracy of interpretation dropped.

6.which four of the following are the factors that affect interpreting?

Speed of incoming sound source/noisy of background/culture of different background/equipment of scene

4.Development of public management theory

1.what are the features and advantages for Bureaucratic management?

Employers’ promotion can be much fairer which is based on job duties not on characters

These employers can dedicate themselves to the public for stabiltity of a long term job.

2.what are limitations for the ideas of Bureaucratic management?

Commitment of the employee is not taken into consideration enough

It is not applicable to dynamic organizations where change is very fast

3.what are the aims of management as Douglas mcgregor’s work of the theory Y

Employees has natural tendency for rest or play

Manager may guide employees in a cooperative manner towards objectives.

4.what are the limitations for the theory Z

Not all employee set higher interest in the job than that of wages

Personalization remains un-eliminated in organizations

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,cation philosophy

1.18century

Need for children to work

19century

Rise of middle class/emergence of a kindergarten

20century

The kindergarten in the spread around us

6.how to achieve happiness

1.which source of happiness is not mentioned in this passage?

Dinner

2.which is the most popular factor regarding to happiness mentioned in this passage?

Health

3.which is not mentioned in this passage affect the happiness

Electricity

4.A research in the 21 century indicate that

Modern life makes people not happy

5.which suggestion is not mentioned in last paragraph for achieving happiness

Consult a physician

6.a study of reared-apart twins identified that environment is not sole factor affect happiness

7.the left prefrontal of human can cause more happiness when it is active

8.people living in modern city may need close circle of friends for achieving happiness.

7.implication of false belief experiments

In 1980s a theory called Theory of mind designed to research if children have the ability to represent the reality. First experiment carried out on the subject of a boy. And questions had been made on where the boy can find the location of chocolate But it was accused that it had excessive information So second modified experiment was conducted involving tow dolls, and most children passed the test at the age of 4, then Lewis and Dunn researched older children in a certain place,and found children who play with adults have better performance in the test,and peer interaction is challenging because of consisting pretending elements.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,nguage strategy in multinational company

1.MNC’s often encounter language barrier in their daily strategy, then they seek several approaches to solve such problems. First ,native language gives them a realistic base in a different language speaking country, but problem turned up when they deal with oversea clients, for example, operation on translation of some key documents, it is inevitable to generate differences by rules from different countries. Another way is to rely on a combination of spoken language and body language, yet a report written that over one–tenth business transaction processed in a party language setting. Third way: hire translators ,However, firstly, it is costly, besides if they are not well-prepared they have to take assumption work.

1.what understandable reaction does Training pay attention to according to the author

Personal development

2.In what term does the writer describe training during economy depression?

Luxury

3.what contribution does Volkwagen group do for multinational companies?

Model

4.what does Volkswagen Group consider language training as in their company

Strategic solution

5.how many states are needed from basic course to advanced in training

6 stages

6.how long does a refresher course need normally

90 hours

7.At least how long is needed for a specific professional to acquire a foreign language?

3 years

8. What is the main function of this passage?

To evaluate various approaches for language barrier in multinational companies.

9 learning by examples

1.the field trip to Israel was to investigate how black rats learn to strip pine cones?false

2.the pine cones were stripped form bottom to top by black rats True

3.it can be learned from other relevant experiences to use a photocopier.true

4.Stripping the pine cones is an instinct of the black rats. False

While the nutcracker is more able to cache seed, the jay relies less on caching food and is thus less specialized in this ability,but more social. To study their behavior of caching and finding their caches, an experiments was designed and carried out to test these two birds for their ability to remember where they hide the seed. In the experiment, the cacher bird hid seeds in the ground while the other watched. As a result, the Nutcracker and the Mexican Jay showed different performance in the role of observer at finding the seeds----the observing Nutcracker didn’t do as well as its counterpart.

10.music:language we all speak

1.Why was the study of animals music uncertain?

Tunes are impossible for animal to make up

2.what is the main subject of this passage

Role of music in human society.

11.quantitative research in education

Quantitative research in education has sparked debate that whether it is valid in scientific area.

Piaget’s experiment involved children’s steps on development, which used equal amount of

liquid in a couple of containers, to test if student would be able to judge their size. Another quantitative research was carried out by Mehan, he showed children a picture, and requested children to make answers, but ultimately most of them failed. IN 1960S, another method emerged along with quantitative research ,schools in the UK was taken as experiment sites in application of the combined approach.

1.choose three correct statements of “quantitative research ”features below

record researching situation and apply note taking

design the interview to be in an atmosphere like easy conversation

questionnaires full of requiring open-ended answers.

2.what is the main idea of this passage?

To explain that quantitative research ideas, characteristics from related criticisms

12.save endangered language

1. What is purpose of master-apprentice program sponsored by the ford foundation?

Preserve endangered language.

2.what should majority language speaker should do according to the last paragraph?

They should be more tolerant to minority language speaker

13.The adolescents

1.early adolescence

The same as others

Beginning to form individual thinking without family context

2.middle adolescence

Interested in the opposite sex

Exposure to danger

Intellectual booming

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd10093825.html,ter adolescence

Less need approval of friends

4.the adolescent lacks the ability of thinking abstractly False

5.Adolescents may have deficit in their language ability. True

6.the adolescent experiences a transition from reliance on his parents to independence. True

14. the psychology in happiness

1. which two of the following beliefs are identified as mistaken in the text

An optimistic outlook ensures success

Unhappiness can and should be avoided

2.in order to have a complete understanding of how people’s minds work, Marin suggested that research should examine our most positive moods as closely as it does our psychological problems

3.soon after arriving at a milestone in their lives, people become accustomed to what they have achieved and have a sense that they are lacking something.

4.people who are pessimistic by nature are more likely to succeed if they make thorough preparation for a presentation.

15. The secrets of persuasion

1.Robert experienced “principles of influence ” himself in realistic life True

2.Principles of persuasion has different types in different countries NOT GIVEN

3.In New Zealand ,people tend to give tips to attendants after being served a chocolate. False

4. Elder generation of New Zealand is easily attracted by extra service of restaurants by principles of

reciprocity. Not given

5.which of the following is not true about Robert?

He is a representative of saponaceous sales.

6.which of the following is correct according to towel experiment in the passage.

Customers behave more ecologically after renewed the message.

7.which of the following is correct according to the candy shop experiment in the passage Resenting way affects diner’s tips.

16.vanishing voices

1.Andrei and his wife can speak English because they have learned it at school. False

2.Khoj means nothing other than killing .false

3.A tuvan would be judged to have a bad character if he killed an animla with a gun of knife True

4. Nowadays languages in the world are spoken disproportionately.True

5.some aspects of culture are doomed to loss if one vulnerable language is translated into a dominant language. NOT GIVEN

五、植物篇

1. a wander plant—Bamboo

1.what problem does the bamboos root system prevent? Soil erosion

2.which bamboo product is experiencing market expansion. Paper

2.Ambergris

1.the formation of ambergris experiences several stages. First, when sperm whale eats the hard and sharp beaks of squid, its intestine will produce ambergris to facilitate the passage, then, ambergris can be vomited up by sperm whale and float on the water. After months of exposure on air , it hardens and the color turns dark grey or black.

2. In the 20th century, most ambergris was made in the process of killing sperm whale. True

3. Ambergris’s cost increased recently. Not given

4. Ambergris still remains in the perfume making. Not given

5. Ambergris is still most important amber odorant in perfume manufacture. False

3.Biodiversity

1.the term “biodiversity ”consists of living creatures and environment that they live in True

2.There are spicies that have not been researched because It’s unnecessary to study all creatures false

3.it is not necessary to investigate all creatures in a certain place. True

4.the press are often than no focus on animals well-known. true

5. There is a successful case that catus moth plays a positive role in the US. False

6. Usage of hardwoods is forbidden in some European countries. Not given

7. Agriculture experts advise farmers to plant single crops in the field in terms of sustainable farming. Not given

Because of the ignorance brought by media, people tend to neglect significant creatures called keystone. Every creature has diet connections with others, such as fig which provide a majority of foods for other species. In some states of America, decline in number of sea otters leads to the boom of urchins.An impressing case is that imported cactus moth successfully tackles the plant cacti in Australia. However, the operation is needed for the government to increase their financial support in public education.

4.biology of bitterness

The reason why grapefruit tastes bitter is because a substance called Naringin contained in it. However, bitter plays a significant role for plants. It gives a signal that certain plant is poisonous. For human beings, different person carries various genetic ability of tasting bitterness. according to a scientist at the University of Utah, supertasters have exceptional plenty of taste buds, which allows them to perceive bitter compounds.

1. What is the main feature of AMP according to this passage?

Offset bitter flavor in food

2. What is the main function of G protein?

transmitting bitter signals

5.Going Bananas

1.Banana was first eaten as fruit by humans almost ten thousand years ago

2.Banana was first planted in South-East Asia

3. Wild banana’s taste is adversely affected by hard seeds.

4.Banana is the oldest known Fruit. Not given

5.Gros Michel is till being used as a commercial product. False

6.Banana is a main food in some countries. True

6.Longaeva:ancient Bristecone Pine

1.according to passage A, what aspect of bristlecone pines attracts author’s attention? Remarkable long age

2.why do we investigate bristlecone pine in higher altitudes of California’s White Mountains? Because oldest ones researched in this region

3. why there are repeated patterns of wide and narrow rings?

Because variation of climate change is different.

The bristlecone’s special adaptation is benefit for photosynthesizing, and reserving the energy of leave replacement and providing sufficient chlorophyll. Probably because seed do not rely on primary stratification, Germination rate is high,Because of cambium dieback, only narrow bark complete. Due to multiple factors such as windy ,cold climate and dry air ,bristlecone’s rings have tight and solid structure full of resin. Moreover, bristlecone stands are safe from fire because of little ground cover plants spread in this place. The summits of Owens Valley is higher than they emerge if you observe from a distance.

7.Mangroves forests of the tide

Mangroves are outstanding adapters who are able to live life in hard environment. There are two systems ---ultrafiltration system and complex root system enabling them to survive at the intersection of land and sea. Meanwhile ,Mangroves have strategic importance. river-borne sediments can be held by the roots and the erosive power of waves can be reduced by their trunks and branches.

1.Mangroves are various and similar. False

2.We can find mangroves in Singapore .Not given

3.Mangroves had played an important role in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and saved lives. Not given

4. Bangladesh is mentioned to have spent a huge sum of money on the mangroves. True

5. In order to avoid loss, shrimp farmers will cut down the amount of ponds regularly .False

6.shrimp farming will greatly influence the function of mangroves that holding the carbon. True

7.which two of the following are not mentioned to have put mangrove survival in danger? Increasing greenhouse gas/shrimp export

8.Origin of species& continent Formation

Wegener found that continental drift instead of “land bridge”theory could explain strange species’ distribution phenomenon .In his theory, vegetation and wildlife migrated intercontinentally. However, Eduard Suess compared the winkle of curst to withering skin of an old apple. Now it is well known that we are living on a constant mobile tectonic plates instead of what Suess described. Hot pot in biogeography are switched to concern between two terms: dispersalism and vicarisanism.

9.research on the tree crown

1.Sciencists keep trying new methods to access to the canopy of the treetop. Though early attempt succeed in building an observation platform yet the help of the locals was imperative: Further innovations made by the French who built a platform with quipments by using balloons. Later the “floating ” platform of raft is serving as an island in the treetops. Then finally , there came the next major breakthrough inn Panama, Scientist applied cranes to access to the treetops, which are proved