非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)

非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)
非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)

非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)

动词非谓语形式

一.基本概念:

顾名思义,不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词,有to do (动词不定式) / -ing (现在分词 / 动名词) / -ed (过去分词)三个形式。由于他们不受

主语人称和数的限制,故也称为"非限定动词"。(学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词)

二.非谓语动词的时态和语态意义:

英语中动词有两大基本特征:时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词也是动词,当然也具备动词

的这两大特征。

1. 时态概念:非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念,他与谓语动词时态的

区别是:谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念,如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而

言的"过去、现在和将来",即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时",与谓语动词的行

为或状态发生在同一时间(段)的称为"现在时",而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的

称为"将来时"。这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。

2. 语态概念:与谓语动词一样,非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。

也就是要记住四句话:

(1) 表示将来时;

(2) 表示现在时;

(3) 表示过去时(一定是被动的)

(4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时

非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。

请你判断一下,下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态:

Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。将来/ 主动) The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人

照顾。将来 / 被动)

He is said to have studied hard and passed the examination. (据说他学习一直很

用功并通过了考试。过去 / 主动)

Five persons are reported to have been killed in the big fire. (据报道,有5人

已在这场大火中丧生。过去 / 被动)

Do you know the man sitting and reading a book there? (你认识坐在那里看

书的那个人吗?现在 / 主动)

Who is the patient being operated on? (正在接受手术的那个病人是谁啊?现在 /

被动)

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. (当选为委员

的人将出席这次会议。过去 / 被动)

有了上述基本概念,就可以进一步讨论下面的问题了:

三.非谓语动词的句法功能:

一个典型的句子共有以下五个基本成分:

主语谓语宾语定语状语

这里要讨论的是当英语中的一个动词处在主语、宾语、定语和状语位置时怎么处理,即非

谓语成分时怎么处理。

1.主语:

首先,"to do" 和 "-ing"形式具有名词性,"-ed "不具备名词性。也就是说,"to do"

和 "-ing"可以做主语,例如:

To learn a foreign language is not an easy thing. (= It is not an easy thing

to learn English.)

Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing.

问题是这两种表达方式有没有区别。语法上没有对或错的区别,因此不是语法考

试的重点

一般讲,"to do"较具体的行为或状态,"-ing"表示较笼统的概念,如"学习外语对我来说

并非易事"一般用"to do"来表达:To learn a foreign language. is not an easy

thing for me. (或:It is not an easy thing for me to learn a foreign language.) 从应试角度讲,只要记住下面两个特殊句型就可以了:

It is no use (或good) + ing结构,例如:

It is no use quarreling with her. (和她争吵没有用。考试时不要选to quarrel with her)

There is no + ing 结构,例如:

There is no denying that women are playing more and more important roles in

the world today.(不可否认,在当今世界上,妇女正发挥越来越重要的作用。)There

is no joking about this matter. (这事开不得玩笑。)

2.宾语

如上所述,非谓语动词"to do"或"-ing"当主语时,没有特别的语法要求。但是,

当宾语时,就有一个用"to do"还是"-ing"的问题。大家还记得这个规定吗?如果忘了,

请复习"第二讲"中"五个基本句型"的"第三句型"。这是考试的一个重点。在以往的职称考

试中,此项一般要占2-3道题目。

关于非谓语动词做宾语补足语的问题,请复习"第二讲"中"五个基本句型"的"第五句型"。

3.定语

也就是做名词的修饰语。只要牢记本讲"非谓语动词的时态和语态意义"一节中的内容,就

不难理解非谓语动词做定语的问题。非谓语动词做定语,本质上是"定语从句",例如:Where is the house built last year?

= Where is the house that(或which)was built last year (去年建造的那栋房子哪

儿去了?)

Do you see the house being built there ?

= Do you see the house that (或which) is being built there?(看见那边那栋正在

建造的房子了吗?)

The house to be built next month will be our dorm.

= The house that (或which) will be built (或that is to be built) next month

will be our dorm.(下月要建造的那栋房子将是我们的宿舍。)

也就是说,只要把握好"时间状语"和"语态(先行词与动词的关系)",非谓语动词做定语

的考试选项比较容易,出题几率也比较低。

有人可能会问:

I have a letter to write 和I have a letter to be written两个句子中的黑体部分

都是做"letter"的定语,为什么一个用主动,另一个用被动语态。一般来说,当动词(write)的行为者就是句子的主语(I)时,用主动语态。因此,这两个句子的内涵是有

些区别的。但由于考试形式的局限性,一般不会考这种区别的。

4.状语

非谓语动词做状语是这一讲的重点,也是考试的重点。大家还记得"句子的连接"一讲中说

过的"逗号不能连接两个句子"这句话和所举的例子吗?

错:He is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(逗号不能连接两个句子)对:Because he is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(使用连接词)对:Being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(使用非谓语动词形式)

如果:His child is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening. 该怎么改呢?

道理是一样的:

His child being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.

也就是说,非谓语动词也要有"行为的主体",称为"主格";如果"非谓语动词的行为的主体"与句子的主语不一致,要保留其行为主体(如上句中的"his child"),这种结构称为"(分词)独立主格结构"。

那么,什么情况用"to do" 、"-ing" 或 "-ed "呢?注意以下两点:

(1) 要符合下表的基本要求。

(2) 要注意以下基本用法和思路

前置(即放在句子的前面):

形式。

下面每个例子说明一条规则,注意理解和记忆(重点不要去区分作什么状语,也

不要刻意去翻译句子的意思,重点注意形式的转换和规律):

1) When she heard the noise, she went out to see what was happening.

Hearing the noise, she went out to see what was happening.

规则:当句子的主语(she)与 (非谓语) 动词构成主动语态时,只要将实义动词(heard)恢复原形 (hear),后面加ing即可

2) When (或If) the substance is heated to over 200℃, it will give off a poisonous gas.

Heated to 200 over 200℃, it (= the s ubstance) will give off a poisonous gas.

规则:当句子的主语(it = the substance)与 (非谓语) 动词构成被动语态时,去掉be

动词,只保留动词的-ed形式(heated)即可

3) As he did not want to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment.

Not wanting to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment 规则:非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前面(不是后面)加not构成;其他变化按照例1)或例2)规定

4) As she has lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.

Having lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.

As they had not finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.

Not having finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.

规则:当句子中出现1)"for + 时间"状语,或2)当一个行为必须在另一个行为结束后才能开始的情况下,应该用"完成式",否定词 "not" 要放在"having"的前面,即"Not having…"

提示:当你在考试时分不清是否要用"完成式"时,应倾向于选择有"完成式"的选项。

5) If weather permits, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.

Weather permitting, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.

When all necessary data had been collected, they began the experiment.

All necessary data having been collected, they began the experiment.

(注:这个句子也可以写成:All necessary data collected, they began the experiment.考试时按例4)提示选题)

规则:当句子的主语与非谓语动词的主格不一致时,应使用"独立主格形式",其他变化按上述各项规定处理

后置(即放在句子的后面):

需要说明的是:

1.所谓"前置"和"后置"是相对的,这里这样区分一是为了便于理解,二是根据职称考试中出题的习惯,便于判题;

2.关于功能,这里只是讲了考试中较多出现的形式和结构,对于诸如如何区分"

目的"和"结果"等内容,因与解题关系不大,这里就不作具体说明了。

下面把非谓语动词中其他几个重要问题用实例说明一下:

关于"不定式"作后置状语的举例(注意黑体字部分的表达形式):

1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她气得连话都说不出来了。)2)I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我与她不太熟悉,

不便请她帮忙。)

3) She was too angry to say anything.(她气得什么都说不出来了。)

4) I'm only too glad to help you.

注意与例3)的区别:only too与happy, pleased, glad 等词使用时,表示"非常":我

非常愿意帮助你(能帮助你真是太高兴了)。

5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的结果:我们在雨中等了近

3个小时,结果被告知约会取消了。)

6) To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.(公平地说,他最

近工作一直非常努力。类似的表达方式还有:

to tell the truth(说实话), to be frank(老实说),to go without saying (不用

说 / 毫无疑问) 等。

关于分词做后置状语的举例 (注意括号中句子的演变过程):

1) She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟发来的一份电子邮件,(邮件上)说她母亲病得很厉害。

= She received an E-mail from her brother, which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)

2) Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. (有些

病人会发生严重感染,导致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.)

3) The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. (客人在经理陪同

下走进办公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.)

关于"动词不定式"的补充说明:

1)前面讲到:"动词不定式"的完成式表示过去时,它常在以下句型中出现:

(主语)+ be said / reported / believed / supposed to have (been) done (主语)+ seem to have (been) done

(主语)+ be likely to have (been) done

当考试时看到这样的句型出现,首先要考虑是否是"动词不定式"的完成式

2)注意"动词不定式" to与介词to的区别,即:是to + 动词,还是to + 名词或动名词(-ing)。"第二讲五个基本句型"中已经提到:object to / look forward to / be (get) accustomed (used) to / be subjected to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / agree to等中的to是介词。

当考试时看到这样的表达方式出现,首先要考虑选择-ing形式(一般不会给纯名词形式)关于on + ing 形式和with (without) + 分词独立主格结构

1)on + ing 形式:一般将介词on + -ing形式理解为"分词"(要有行为主体)而不是"

动名词",意为 "当…时","一…就…",相当于when 或as soon as,例如:On hearing the news, she burst into tears. (一听到这个消息,她一下子哭了起来。)

错:On arriving in Beijing, it began to rain heavily. (一到北京,就开始下起大

雨来了。)

由于句子的主语it并不是arriving的行为主体,该句语法不成立。可以改为:No

sooner had we arrived in Beijing than it began to rain heavily.

2) with (without) + 分词独立主格结构

She fell asleep with the lamp burning. (她开着灯谁着了。)

Almost every day the kids returned home with their hands and faces covered

with mud and sweat.(孩子们几乎每天回家时手上脸上都是泥和汗。)当这样的独立主

格结构中的动词为 "be" 动词时,往往省略,例如:

Every day the old teacher entered the classroom, with a poor bag under his arm. (每天,这位老教师夹着个破包走进教室。= with a poor bag being under his arm)

关于-ing和-ed形容词

当一个动词后面加上-ing或-ed就可以是一个形容词,其基本概念还是-ing为主动语态,-ed为被动语态,例如:a sleeping child (一个正在睡觉的孩子),a wounded soldier (一个受伤的战士) 。

一些带有感情色彩的动词,由于人的感情是"被刺激"后产生的,故一般用-ed形式,而外

界的刺激物则用-ing形式,例如:I was moved deeply; the film was really moving. (我深受感动;这部电影真是感人。)

the + 形容词(包括-ed形容词)→ 名词(可以是单数,也可以是复数), 例如:the wounded (伤员)/ the disabled(残疾人)

关于现在分词和动名词

如前所述,现代语法并不强调现在分词和动名词的区别,建议学生"忘掉"动名词,特别是

应试。但记住下面的规定:

She regrets ______ idle when (she was) young. (她后悔年轻时无所事事。)

A. to have been

B. her being

C. her having being

D. having been

解题思路:1)regret后一般接ing形式,除非regret to tell / say, 故A不能选;2)当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致时,不要再加逻辑主语了,故正确答案为D,比较:Tom insisted on my going with him. (Tom坚持要我和他一起去。)

非谓语动词讲了这么多内容,解题时始终不忘:

1)分清过去、现在和将来;

2)分清主动与被动;

3)动词不定式的完成式表示过去时;

4)见“for”要用完成式;

5)否定式not要放在to / -ing / -ed的前面

只要记住以上要点,非谓语动词的解题就不会出大的问题。

最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A.found B.finding C.having found D.to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式,指上网的目的。故选D。 2.Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A.lead B.leading C.led D.to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知,这是个there be 句型,因此,此处用非谓语动词,path与lead是主动关系,因此用现在分词,故选B。 3.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A.Having exposed B.Being exposed C.To expose D.Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意:暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语,may influence是谓语,前面的部分应该是主语,be exposed to“暴露于”,要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4.The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A.starting B.being started C.to start D.to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系,故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时,常表示动作尚未发生,故排除C项,此处用现在分词作后置定语,表示主动。 第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的

非谓语动词用法归纳语法

非谓语动词用法归纳 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自 认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢,讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受

worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6)概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词共分为三种,构成形式如下: 1.动词不定式(Infinitives): 2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles): 3. 动名词(gerunds) 下面我们依据句子的成分,来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。 1.非谓语动词做主语和表语 主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当,非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词,因此,动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。 1)非谓语动词做主语 一般情况下,用动名词来做主语的情况比较多,动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。通常来说,在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语,而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。 例如:Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job. Swimming is a good kind of exercise. To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire. 在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。 例如:It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking. It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.

但是值得注意的是在各别情况下,即使是It做形式主语,真正的主语也必须用动名词,这些情况很少,所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来,以下是此类情况的一个总结。 It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. 2)非谓语动词做表语 非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。 在表示“目的,愿望,梦想,需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. 例如:Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家 Our aim is to help them,not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们,而不是教训他们。 动名词做表语,表示抽象概念。动名词做表语一般用来表示“身份,职业”等.大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。 例如:My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) 此外,还要注意主语与表语的一致性。 例如:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 To see is to believe.

人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全含解析百度文库

人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全含解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1.Bruce practices basketball every day so that he can be a better player. A. play B. to play C. playing 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:Bruce每天练习打篮球以便他能成为一位更好的运动员。practice + doing sth练习做某事。故选C。 2.When you leave, please turn off the lights energy. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:当你离开时请关灯以节约能源。动词不定式表示目的,结合句意,故选B。 3. You should ask Bob ________ his own clothes. He is ten years old now. A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意:你应该要求鲍勃洗自己的衣服。他现在已经十岁了。ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事,所以选D。 4.We have worked so long. Shall we stop a rest? A. have B. to having C. having D. to have 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们已经工作了很长时间。我们停下来休息休息吗?stop doing sth停止做某事;stop to do sth停下来去做某事。所以选D。 5.He can do what he can______ the children in his neighborhood. A. help B. to help

动词非谓语形式用法精讲

词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词. (一)不定式 不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成. 1.不定式的用法: l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用 it作形式主语.例如: To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用 it作形式宾语.例如: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语.例如: He asked me to do the work with him. 注意:在 feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带 to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带 to.例如 I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 注意:不定式动词在介词 but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带 to,否则要带 to.如: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go. 4)作定语.例如: I have some books for you to read.注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如: He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time,place或 way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如: He had no money and no place to live. 注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较: A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗? (不走式 to send的动作执行者是 you) B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me

非谓语动词之动词ing的使用形式练习

非谓语动词之动词ing 1.A new law will go into effect on August 1st.According to this law,people found ______“harmful”advertisements in the streets will be punished strictly. A.putting up B.to put up C.being putting up D.having put up 2.Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A.to learn B.learning C.learn D.learnt 3.With trees and grass ______ 39.6%of the urban area,the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. A.covered B.covering C.to be covered D.being covered 4.______ alone in the large house,the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. A.To leave B.Leaving C.Left D.Being left 5.The firm was successfully run and ______,he owed his success to the support of his friends. A.looking back B.looked back C.to look back D.when looked back 6.Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou estimated on Friday that more than 500 people had died in floods a nd mudslides ______ by Typhoon Morakot. A.caus ed B.causing C.being caused D.to be caused 7.The scientist was rewarded by the government for ______ such a great contribution to the country. A.make B.making C.being made D.having made 8.Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. A.to leave B.to be left C.to be leaving D.to have left 9.—Why are you looking pleased? —Oh,I’ve just had a job______. A.to offer B.offering C.offered D.to be offered 10.After the party,most guests left,with only two of them ______ in the host family,______ him cleaning up. A.remaining;helped B.remaining;helping C.remained;helped D.remained;helpi ng 11.For English teachers ______ a more effective role in teaching,they must make every effort to raise students’ cross-cultural awareness. A.to play B.playing C.having played D.play 12.Something as simple as _____ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. A.to eat B.eating C.to be eating D.eaten 13.When I went in,my pet happened ______ on my bed,______TV. A.to be lying;watching B.to have lain;watch C.to lie;and watched D.to be laying;watching 14.Friends are like leaves,______ everywhere,but true friends are like diamonds,precious and rare. A.to find B.finding C.found D.being found 15._____at my classmates’faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes. A.Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked 16.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 17.Look over there—there’s a very long,winding path ______ up to the house. A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead 18.Recently a sur vey_____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated deba te among citizens. A.compared B.compari ng C.compares D.being compared 19.Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures,some______ a life span of around 20 years. A.having B.had C.have D.to have 20.Sit down,Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,______ on your feet. A.to keep B.keeping C.hav ing kept D.to have kept 21.Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt 22.More highways have been built in China,______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A.making B.made C.to make D.having made 23.On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall,Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A.says B.said C.saying D.to say 24.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______ nothing about the argument.

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A.filling B.filled C.being filled D.to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方,充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组:be filled with被……充满,此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系,所以用过去分词做伴随状态,故选B。 2.115.______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A.Expressing B.Expressed C.To express D.Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:为了表达他的爱,克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的,故选C。 3.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情,所以选A。 考点:考查不定式 【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法,可以做宾语,定语,状语。还有不定式的不同形式:to do;to be doing;to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。 4.Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A.realizing B.realized C.to realize D.being realized 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间,这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语

非谓语动词用法归纳

否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法

英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法 在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形),把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词,所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。 非谓语动词在保留动词特征(能带宾语、状语等)的同时,又兼有其他几种词类的特征,比如: 1.作主语、宾语时-兼有名词性质,相当于一个概念名词、意群(名词词组)或者名词性从句。 相当于一个名词: Reading is great fun. 阅读很有趣。 相当于一个意群: Reading extensively is very necessary. 广泛阅读是很必要的。 相当于名词从句: For him to be dishonest is not easy. 让他变得不诚实可不容易。 2.作定语时-兼有形容语性质,相当于一个形容语、形容词词组或者定语从句(形容词性从句)。 相当于一个形容词:

We love moving movies. 我们喜欢动人的电影。 There are some fallen leaves on the ground now. 现在地上有些落叶了。 相当于一个形容词词组: China will be a highly developed country in dozens of years. 再过几十年中国将成为一个高度发达的国家。 相当于一个形容词从句: She saw a small bird wounded in one wing. 她看见一只有个翅膀受伤的小鸟。 作状语时-兼有副词性质,相当于一个副词、副词词组或者副词从句(状语从句)。 相当于一个副词: She was happy to come. 她很高兴地来了。 相当于一个副词词组: To be frank (frankly),I disagree with you. 坦率地说,我不同意你的话。 相当于一个副词从句: Being late for class (=Because he was late for class), Tom was afraid to enter the classroom.

人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全含答案解析百度文库

人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全含答案解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1.I really don't know this question. It is too hard. A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我真的不知道如何回答这个问题。它太难了。which to answer回答哪一个; how to answer怎么回答;what to answer回答什么;据It's too hard.可知此处指的是这个问题太难,不知道如何回答,选B 2.My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部,我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B.动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构,故选B。 3.As a volunteer,the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up.() A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheering D. cheered 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】作为一名志愿者,这个女孩想去看望医院里生病的孩子使他们振作起来.根据句意可知这个女孩想去看望医院里生病的孩子的目的是使他们振作起来,故该空处填入动词不定式作目的状语,故填to cheer,故选A 4.As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and ________ them. A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:正如我们所知,一个人通过犯错误和纠正错误中,能学会很多东西。and,表并列的连词,前后动词用法应该一致,根据making,可知此处用动词ing形式,因此用correcting,故选D。 【点评】考查固定搭配。注意介词后接动词的ing形式。 5. You should ask Bob ________ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢,讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. (6)概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people. (7)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如: Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

英语非谓语动词用法详解

英语非谓语动词用法详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.The news said that the death toll in the tsunami in Indonesia had climbed over 400, with a lot more reported _________. A.to miss B.to have been missing C.having missed D.missing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词不定式。句意:新闻报道称,印尼海啸造成的死亡人数已攀升至400多人,据报道还有更多人失踪。分析句子可知,be reported to do sth “被报道做某事”为固定短语,且在本句中被应用到with的复合结构中。本句中表示“be missing”发生在“report”之前,所以用动词不定式的完成时。故B选项正确。 【点睛】 动词不定式的时态和语态 动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式,一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。 1)不定式的时态意义 不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的。 ①不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生 ②不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行,与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。 ③不定式的完成式 不定式的完成时表达下列意义: a. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 b. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后,不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作, to have been表示状态。 C .用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后,表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。 ④不定式的完成进行式 表示动作在谓语动词之前发生,而且一直进行着。 ⑤ come + 不定式表示一个动作发生的过程 He will come to understand it in the end.他最终会懂得的。 分析句子可知,be reported to do sth “被报道做某事”为固定短语,且在本句中被应用到with的符合结构中。本句中表示“be missing”发生在“report”之前,所以用动词不定式的完成时。故B选项正确。 2.______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A.To absorb B.To be absorbed

人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库

人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1.Young people are encouraged to work hard ____their own dreams. A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:鼓励年轻人努力工作,实现自己的梦想。根据句意可知their own dreams是workhard的目的,常用动词不定式来表示目的,故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式的基本用法——作目的状语。 2.Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sbto do sth建议某人做某事,所以选A。 3.—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:—-朱丽亚,你的手机响了。—等一下。过马路时接电话是危险的。It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……,是固定句式,it是形式主语,不定式结构做真正主语。故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式做主语的句式。熟记此句式,并能熟练运用。 4. Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ________ sure we don't break anything. A. make B. made C. to make D. making 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:无论什么时候我们这些孩子们来到这里,Susan姨妈只是站在那里,看着我们以确保我们不打破什么东西。此处是目的状语,故用动词不定式to make。watch sb do/doing sth看着某人做了/正在做某事,但是make sure的意思是“保证;确保”,在本句中不符合逻辑,故排除AD;watch sth done看着某事被做,也不符合句意,故选

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。 一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。如: Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2)用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3)不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如: When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5)一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致, 谓语一般用单数)。如:Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如: ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late(made him angry. 7being,构成动名词,做主语。如: . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习:

相关文档
最新文档